Cobalt(II) sulfate

Cobalt(II) sulfate
IUPAC name Cobalt(II) sulfate
Identifiers
CAS number	10124-43-3 Y,  13455-64-0 (monohydrate) 10026-24-1 (heptahydrate)
PubChem	24965
ChemSpider	23338 Y
UNII	H7965X29HX Y
EC number	233-334-2
ChEBI	CHEBI:53470 Y
RTECS number	GG3100000 (anhydrous) GG3200000 (heptahydrate)
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
InChI InChI=1S/Co.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2 Y Key: KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L Y InChI=1/Co.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2 Key: KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-NUQVWONBAJ
Properties
Molecular formula	CoSO4
Molar mass	154.996 g/mol (anhydrous) 173.01 g/mol (monohydrate) 281.103 g/mol (heptahydrate)
Appearance	reddish crystalline (anhydrous, monohydrate) pink salt (heptahydrate)
Density	3.71 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 3.08 g/cm3 (monohydrate) 2.03 g/cm3 (heptahydrate) [1]
Melting point	735 °C (anhydrous) 74 °C (heptahydrate)
Solubility in water	36.2 g/100 ml (20°C)
Hazards
MSDS	JT Baker MSDS
EU Index	027-005-00-0
EU classification	Carc. Cat. 2 Muta. Cat. 3 Repr. Cat. 2 Toxic (T) Dangerous for the environment (N)
R-phrases	R49, R60, R22, R42/43, R68, R50/53
NFPA 704	0 2 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
LD50	424 mg/kg
Y sulfate (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Cobalt(II) sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula CoSO₄. It is the divalent cobalt salt of sulfuric acid. The most common form of cobalt sulfate are the hydrates CoSO₄^.7H₂O and CoSO₄^.H₂O. Cobalt(II) sulfate and its hydrates are some of the most commonly available salts of cobalt.

Properties

Cobalt(II) sulfate appears as red monoclinic crystals that melt around 100 °C and become anhydrous at 250 °C. It is soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, and especially soluble in methanol. It forms by the reaction of metallic cobalt, its oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate with sulfuric acid. Cobalt is obtained from ores via the sulfate in some cases.^[2][3]

Uses

Cobalt(II) sulfate is used in the preparation of pigments, as well as in the manufacture of other cobalt salts. Cobalt pigment is used in porcelains and glass. Cobalt(II) sulfate is used in storage batteries and electroplating baths, sympathetic inks, and as an additive to soils and animal feeds.^[2][4]

Health issues

Cobalt(II) sulfate has been shown to be toxic and slightly carcinogenic upon inhalation in mice.^[5] It has also been shown to be a mutagen in salmonella.^[6]

It was added to the list of substances of very high concern in the European Union on 15 December 2010.

References

1. ^ Lide, David R. (1998). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 4–67; 1363. ISBN 0-8493-0594-2 
2. ^ ^{a b} John D. Donaldson, Detmar Beyersmann "Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_281.pub2
3. ^ Rarely, cobalt(II) sulfate is found in form of few crystallohydrate minerals, occurring among oxidation zones containing primary Co minerals (like skutterudite or cobaltite). These minerals are: biebierite (heptahydrate), moorhouseite (Co,Ni,Mn)SO₄^.6H₂O, aplowite (Co,Mn,Ni)SO₄^.4H₂O and cobaltkieserite (monohydrate).
4. ^ Cobalt Sulfate
5. ^ JR Bucher, JR Hailey, JR Roycroft, JK Haseman, RC Sills, SL Grumbein, PW Mellick and BJ Chou (1999). "Inhalation toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of cobalt sulfate". Toxicological Sciences 49 (1): 56. doi:10.1093/toxsci/49.1.56. PMID 10367342. http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/49/1/56. 
6. ^ Cobalt sulfate heptahydrate: Carcinogenic Potency Database