Nikolay Dollezhal

Nikolay Dollezhal
Nikolay Dollezhal
Born March 3, 1914
Zaporizhia Oblast, Russian Empire, Present-day Ukraine
Died November 20, 2000(2000-11-20) (aged 101)
Citizenship Soviet Union
Russia
Nationality Ukrainian
Fields Mechanical Engineering
Institutions Institute of Chemical Physics
Moscow State University
Sternberg Astronomical Institute
Alma mater Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Known for Soviet atomic bomb project
Founder of the RBMK type nuclear reactor
nuclear marine propulsion
Notable awards Order of Merit for the Fatherland
Hero of Socialist Labour

Nikolay Antonovich Dollezhal (October 27, 1899 – November 20, 2000)[1] was a Soviet mechanical engineer, a key figure in Soviet atomic bomb project and chief designer of nuclear reactors from the first plutonium production reactor to the RBMK.

Born in Omelnik, Zaporizhia Oblast, Dollezhal graduated MVTU in 1923. Until 1930, he worked in various design bureaus, but after a tour of Europe in 1929 was arrested and spent a year and a half in prison, before being acquitted in January 1932. In 1932-1943 he headed important manufacturing plants in Kiev, Leningrad and Sverdlovsk.

In 1943, Dollezhal was appointed to lead the new Institute of Chemical Machinery in Moscow. In 1946, the Institute was assigned to the Soviet atomic project; his first reactors, graphite moderated types A and AI, produced Soviet plutonium used in Joe 1 nuclear test of 1949 and subsequent nuclear weapons deployment. After 1950, Dollezhal focused on nuclear marine propulsion. His first proposal, Type AM, was not practical for marine uses but became the core of the first nuclear power plant in Obninsk, commissioned in 1954. In the same year, he produced a viable draft of a light water submarine reactor.

Dollezhal pioneered the concept of the pressurized water reactor, which led to numerous military and VVER-type civilian designs. In 1957 Dollezhal Institute launched their first dual-use (civilian energy and weapons-grade plutonium) powerplant, Type EI, and seven years later, the first truly industrial Beloyarsk power plant. All subsequent Soviet reactors (VVER, RBMK) also originated from his firm.

Honours and awards

This article incorporates information from the equivalent article on the Russian Wikipedia.

References

  1. ^ "Nikolay A. Dollezhal". Brief History. N.A. Dollezhal Research and Development Institute of Power Engineering. http://www.nikiet.ru/eng/history/dollezh.html. Retrieved 2008-05-11. 

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Bauman Moscow State Technical University — Московский государственный технический университет им. Н. Э. Баумана Motto «Мужество, Воля, Труд, Упорство!» Established 1830 …   Wikipedia

  • List of Russian people — The Millennium of Russia monument in Veliky Novgorod, featuring the statues and reliefs of the most celebrated people in the first 1000 years of Russian history …   Wikipedia

  • Soviet atomic bomb project — The fathers of the Soviet nuclear program, Dr. Andrei Sakharov (left) with Dr. Igor Kurchatov (right) …   Wikipedia

  • Kurchatov Medal — The Kurchatov Medal, or the Gold Medal in honour of Igor Kurchatov is an award given for outstanding achievements in nuclear physics and in the field of nuclear energy. The USSR Academy of Sciences established this award on February 9 1960 in… …   Wikipedia

  • 2000 in Russia — Events from the year 2000 in Russia.Events* February 4 Second Chechen War: Bombing of Katyr Yurt. * February 5 Second Chechen War: Novye Aldi massacre. * February 6 Second Chechen War: Battle of Grozny, Chechen capital Grozny falls to Russian… …   Wikipedia

  • Doležal — Doležal, Dolezal, or Doleschal may refer to: 5884 Dolezal (6045 P L), a Main belt Asteroid people Bohumil Doležal (born 1940), Czech literary critic, politician Christian Dolezal (born 1971), Austrian actor; (de) Dominik Doleschal, Austrian… …   Wikipedia

  • Université technique d'État de Moscou-Bauman — Informations Fondation 1830 Type Université publique Localisation Coordonnées …   Wikipédia en Français

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”