Major League Baseball on the radio

Major League Baseball on the radio has been a tradition for almost 80 years, and still exists today. Baseball was one of the first sports to be broadcast in the United States. Every team in Major League Baseball has a flagship station, and baseball is also broadcast on national radio.

History

Early period

1920s

The first baseball game ever broadcast on radio was a Pittsburgh Pirates versus Philadelphia Phillies game on August 5, 1921. The game was broadcast by KDKA of Pittsburgh, and the Pirates defeated the Phillies 8-5. It was broadcast by KDKA staff announcer Harold Arlin.^{[1][2][3][4][5][1]} That year, KDKA and WJZ of Newark broadcast the first World Series on the radio, with Grantland Rice and Tommy Cowan calling the games for KDKA and WJZ, respectively.^[2][3][4] However, the broadcasters were not actually present at the game, but simply gave reports from a telegraph wire.^[2] The next year, WJZ broadcast the entire series, with Rice doing play-by-play.^[3][4] For the 1923 World Series, Rice was joined on Westinghouse for the first time by Graham McNamee.^[2][6]

During the 1923 World Series, Rice was the main broadcaster, but during the fourth inning of Game 3, he turned the microphone over to McNamee.^[4][6] This was the start of McNamee's career, and McNamee became the first color commentator.^[7] Although frequently criticized for his lack of expertise, McNamee helped popularize baseball.^[2][6][8][9]

1930s

Many owners were still wary. By the 1930s, the two-team cities of Boston, Philadelphia, St. Louis, and Chicago had reached an agreement not to broadcast away games. In other words, if the Boston Braves were at home, listeners could hear that game on the radio, but could not listen to the Boston Red Sox away game. The owners' argument-"they won't come to the park if you give the game away"-was invalidated under this arrangement. The New York owners went one step further: in 1932 they agreed to ban all radio broadcasting-even of visitors' re-creations-from their parks. Larry MacPhail took over the Cincinnati Reds in 1933 and sold a controlling interest in the club to Powel Crosley, owner of two Cincinnati radio stations. It was a match made in economic heaven: MacPhail knew that broadcasting games would promote the team and Crosley could now boost his radio ratings. Their symbiosis is reminiscent of St. Louis beer-garden magnate Chris von der Ahe's takeover of the St. Louis team in order to sell more beer. When MacPhail moved to Brooklyn in 1938, he brought Reds announcer Red Barber with him and broke the New York radio ban. The next year was the first year that all the major league teams broadcast their games. Prophetically, it was also the year of the first televised baseball game.

In 1935, Baseball Commissioner Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis orchestrated a radio deal that covered the World Series. All three networks were involved, and baseball made $400,000. Landis, as ever, was imperious; he dismissed Ted Husing as games announcer despite the fact that, with five World Series under his belt, Husing was second only to the ubiquitous Graham McNamee in Series-announcing experience. The amount of money involved in baseball broadcasting was growing. Gillette, the razor blade manufacturer and one of the first companies to realize the power of sports as an advertising vehicle, tried to flex its muscles by offering Red Barber a substantial amount to walk out on his Dodger contract and join Gillette on a new Yankees/Giants network. Barber refused. It's no wonder Gillette felt powerful; in 1946 the company was rich enough to sign a 10-year, $14-million deal for exclusive radio sponsorship of the World Series and All-Star Games.

Though radio grew quickly as a medium for baseball, many teams were still apprehensive about it, fearing negative effects on attendance. Nevertheless, each team was allowed to reach its own policy by 1932^[4], and the Chicago Cubs broadcast all of their games on WMAQ in 1935.^[2][10][11] The last holdouts were the New York teams—the Giants, Dodgers, and Yankees combined to block radio broadcasts of their games until 1938.^[2][4]

By the end of this period, radio had become increasingly commercialized. Wheaties started its long relationship with baseball in 1933^[12], and in 1934, sponsorship rights to the World Series were first sold.^[13][14]

Golden age

During the Golden Age of Radio, television sports broadcasting was in its infancy, and radio was still the main form of broadcasting baseball.^[11] Many notable broadcasters, such as Mel Allen, Red Barber, Harry Caray, Russ Hodges, Ernie Harwell, and Vin Scully, started in this period.

However, broadcasting still did not look like the way it does today—recreations of games based on telegrams, the original means of broadcasting, were still widely used.^[15] The Liberty Broadcasting System operated solely through recreations of games, because live games were too expensive.^[16] Gordon McLendon broadcast games throughout the South from 1948 until 1952, when new blackout regulations forced him to stop.^[13][17][18] Mutual Broadcasting System also broadcast a Game of the Day during the 1950s.^[13][19]

Modern period

However, as the Golden Era wound down, radio was gradually eclipsed by television.^[11] The World Series continued to be broadcast on the radio, with NBC Radio covering the Series from 1960–1975, and CBS Radio from 1976–1997.^[20] However, there would not be regular-season baseball broadcast nationally on the radio until 1985, when CBS Radio started a Game of the Week.^[21]

In 1998, national radio broadcasts moved to ESPN Radio.^[21] ESPN Radio currently broadcasts games on most weekends.^[22]

Starting with the 2005 season, MLB Home Plate was launched on XM Satellite Radio.^[23] XM also carries every major league game.^[24] Games are also carried on MLB Gameday Audio.^[7]

See also

• Broadcasting of sports events

Notes

1. ^ Detroit's WWJ also claimed to have broadcast the first baseball game, as well as the 1920 World Series.^[25]

References

1. ^ KDKA Firsts
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} On the Air
3. ^ ^{a b c} TSB Heritage
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Radio and its Impact on the Sports World
5. ^ First Radio Broadcast of a Baseball Game
6. ^ ^{a b c} RW Special Report
7. ^ ^{a b} Frick winner to be announced
8. ^ Book Review
9. ^ Voices—TIME, October 3, 1927
10. ^ A look back at the Q.
11. ^ ^{a b c} Baseball, Radio, and Jackie Robinson
12. ^ General Mills: History of Innovation
13. ^ ^{a b c} Diz by Robert Gregory ISBN 0670821411
14. ^ Summer 1997: 75 Years of National Baseball Broadcasts
15. ^ Radio Baseball That Never Was...
16. ^ Gordon McLendon
17. ^ The Liberty Broadcasting System
18. ^ End of Liberty—TIME, June 9, 1952
19. ^ Flashing Back...
20. ^ Voices of the World Series: Television and Radio
21. ^ ^{a b} Major League Baseball CBS Radio History
22. ^ MLB on ESPN Radio
23. ^ JOSE CANSECO CLAIMS SAMMY SOSA AND MARK McGWIRE TOOK STEROIDS DURING 1998 HOME RUN CHASE ON XM SATELLITE RADIO'S MLB HOME PLATE CHANNEL; PETE ROSE TELLS XM HE SUSPECTS CANSECO MOTIVATED BY MONEY
24. ^ MLB Home Plate FAQs
25. ^ Pioneer—TIME, September 3, 1945

External links

• A look at how the game of baseball made it to the radio