WNBC (AM)

Infobox Radio Station
name = WNBC (AM)


area = New York, New York
branding =
slogan =
airdate = March 2, 1922
(went off the air on October 7, 1988)
frequency = 660 (kHz)
format = Full service
erp = 50,000 watts
class = A
owner = NBC
website = none
callsign_meaning= W National Broadcasting Company
former_callsigns= WEAF (1922-46)
WRCA (1954-60)

WNBC (AM) was a radio station that operated in New York City from 1922 to 1988. For most of its history, it was the flagship station of the NBC Radio Network. The station left the air on October 7, 1988; its former frequency is occupied by all-sports WFAN.

History

NBC Network Radio

WNBC signed on for the first time on March 2, 1922, as WEAF, owned by AT&T Western Electric. It was the first radio station in New York City.

The call letters supposedly stood for Western Electric AT&T Fone, although another meaning was given as Water, Earth, Air, and Fire (the 4 classical elements). [cite web | url=http://members.aol.com/jeff560/am4.html | title=The early days of WEAF New York | author=Alice Brannigan | publisher="Popular Communications" | date=February 1998 | accessdate =2006-12-14] Another story is that the licensee didn't like the originally assigned call letters, WDAM, and the FCC assigned the next available callsign in alphabetical order.

In 1922, WEAF ran the first radio advertisement which promoted an apartment development in Jackson Heights near a new elevated train line, (the IRT's Flushing-Corona line, now the number 7 line). [cite web | url=http://www.midcoast.com/~lizmcl/advt2.html | title=First WEAF commercial continuity | accessdate =2006-12-14]

In 1926, WEAF became the flagship station of the NBC Red Network, one of two radio chains operated by the National Broadcasting Company. The other was the NBC Blue Network, whose programming originated at WJZ (now WABC), owned by NBC's parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. By 1928, WEAF was purchased by RCA, making it a sister station to WJZ. As a result of the North American Radio Broadcasting Agreement of 1941, WEAF became a clear channel station, and could be heard across most of the eastern half of North America at night.

In 1943, the United States Supreme Court ordered RCA to sell off one of its radio networks, citing antitrust concerns. The company decided to keep the Red Network, and it was rebranded as the NBC Radio Network after the Blue Network was divested, along with several stations (including WJZ), to Edward J. Noble. WEAF's call letters were changed to WNBC in 1946, then to WRCA in 1954, and back to WNBC in 1960.

"See NBC Radio Network for network programming during this time."

WNBC local programming

1960s

By the early 1960s, the station switched from NBC network programs to more local-oriented programs. In 1964 it adopted a talk format, the first in New York radio. Hosts included genial morning-drive companion Big Wilson, "Tonight Show" announcer Ed McMahon, New York-based actor Robert Alda, NBC Radio comedian/satirist Mort Sahl, the witty mid-morning game-show host ("Fortune Phone") Sterling Yates, late-morning talk radio provocateur Joe Pyne, midday voices Lee Leonard and later Jim Gearhart, sports talk host Bill Mazer, plus late-nighters Brad Crandall (later of NFL Films) and Long John Nebel.

On weekends, WNBC aired almost all of the NBC Radio Network's "Monitor" program, which featured many of WNBC's own hosts as well as the already established lineup holding court at NBC's Radio Central (Gene Rayburn, Henry Morgan, Bill Cullen, David Wayne, Kitty Carlisle and Wayne Howell).

Later in the decade WNBC shed its "Conversation Station" format and readopted a middle-of-the-road (MOR) music format, covering songs from the 1940s to the 1960s with non-rock and soft rock hits recorded after 1955. The format would feature such artists as Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley, Nat "King" Cole, the Everly Brothers, Tom Jones, the Fifth Dimension, Peggy Lee, and Dionne Warwick. Hosts during this transition back to music included Wilson, Jack Spector (formerly of WMCA), Jack Hayes, Charlie Brown and later Ted Brown, hired away from then-dominant standards/MOR station WNEW. Well-known MOR host and vocalist Jim Lowe joined WNBC for a time during one of his many shuttles to and from WNEW. By 1971, music from such acts as Sinatra and Cole would disappear, separating WNBC from its WNEW-like beginnings.

1970s

Don Imus was hired in December 1971, giving New York its first exposure to the shock jock genre. Imus stayed with the station for most of the next two decades, except for a couple of years in the late 1970s when there was a general purge of the air staff.

Despite somewhat different formats, WNBC saw itself as a mostly unsuccessful competitor to New York Top 40 powerhouse WABC. Thus they brought in Murray "the K" Kaufman in 1972, and Wolfman Jack opposite WABC's Bruce "Cousin Brucie" Morrow in 1973. This did not improve ratings much.

By 1973, WNBC was an Adult Contemporary radio station featuring the Carpenters, Carole King, the Stylistics, Neil Diamond, James Taylor, and other artists of that era. They also began to play more 1960s-era rock and roll oldies at that point.

Ted Brown would leave in the early 1970s and return to WNEW. In 1974, WNBC hired Bruce Morrow away from WABC. Norm N. Nite arrived from WCBS-FM in 1975, as did Joe McCoy in 1976. The ratings were still mediocre.

By 1975, WNBC was playing an Adult Top 40 format and competing with WXLO. They featured hits from 1964 to what was then current product. Unfortunately, most of the playlist decisions were mediocre at best.

In 1977, Bob Pittman was hired as WNBC's new Program Director. His first decision was to lay-off most of the station's veteran personalities (including Don Imus, Cousin Brucie, Norm N. Nite and Joe McCoy), replacing them with younger-sounding disc jockeys. He also shifted the format to mainstream Top 40, with occasional nods to FM radio (such as commercial-free hours). As a result of this tweaking, the station was now playing artists such as Andy Gibb, KC & the Sunshine Band, Boston, Peter Frampton, Fleetwood Mac, the Eagles, Billy Joel, the Bee Gees, and others. However, listenership did not go up substantially, and while some of the new air personalities would find success (Johnny Dark, Frank Reed, and Allen Beebe would be heard on the station well into the 1980s), others would not (Ellie Dylan, who replaced Imus in morning drive and was hired solely because she was Bob Pittman's girlfriend at the time, would be gone within months), and by mid-1979 Pittman would leave WNBC (he would soon become the founder of MTV) and Don Imus returned to the morning show. WNBC's playlist was tweaked back to an Adult top 40 format, though ratings continued to be mediocre.

1980s

In 1981 WABC added evening talk and evolved musically to adult contemporary. WNBC followed suit with the music (but did not add evening talk), moving to a similar AC format to sister station WYNY. WNBC adopted as its slogan "The Next One", meaning that it would be the number-one ranked station in New York City. As part of that slogan, the commercials would say "We're #2". When an Arbitron report was released that WNBC believed confirmed that it was in fact the most popular radio station in New York City, the slogan was changed to "The New One". Once WABC moved to all talk, WNBC added a few rock songs that were not heard on any AC stations in the area. By summer 1982, WNBC was near the top with some of their best ratings ever.

In fall 1982 to much fanfare, Howard Stern was brought in from WWDC-FM in Washington, D.C., to do afternoon drive. Initially Stern played music (about 10 to 12 songs an hour), much to his dismay, though his ratings were high. Then, in 1983 with ABC-owned WPLJ evolving to a Contemporary Hit Radio (CHR) format, as well as WHTZ's debut with the same format, WNBC began to lose some listeners. In 1984 Stern cut down to four songs an hour and began to talk much more. That fall former children's television show host Soupy Sales started a talk-intensive program in middays. He was playing 6 to 8 songs per hour.

Throughout his three years at WNBC, Stern had continuous battles with station management and other jocks at the station, specifically Don Imus. Much of these conflicts were dramatized in Stern's autobiographical book and film "Private Parts" which included an amusing scene where he is instructed by program director Kevin Metheny (referred to in the film as "Kenny Rushton" or "Pig Vomit", and played by Paul Giamatti) on the preferred "W-ehhNNN-B-C" pronunciation of the station's call letters. (This WNBC commercial from 1983 [cite web | url=http://www.airchexx.com/markets/new-york/vidchexx-imus-in-the-morning-promo-66-wnbc-1983 | title=Don Imus' WNBC commercial in 1983 | accessdate =2006-12-14] shows Imus pronouncing the letters in this preferred manner.)

By early 1985, WNBC had evolved to more of a full service AC station, with music as a background and personality as the foreground. On weekends they became oldies-based, emphasizing 60's oldies while still playing current product in moderation; they were basically out of the Top 40/CHR realm by then. Their younger audience base had already gone to WHTZ or WPLJ, but with Stern in afternoons and Imus in the morning they continued to do reasonably well. On overnights beginning in the spring of 1985, WNBC added taped Wolfman Jack shows which featured oldies from the 60's with some 50's and early 70's music. Imus and Soupy Sales were down to six songs an hour and Stern eliminated music in the spring from his show altogether. That Summer, with radiocasts of the New York Knicks and New York Rangers, WNBC added Sports Night on weekday evenings, initially hosted by Jack Spector and then Dave Simms. AT that point music was taking a backseat during the week on the station and none was heard from 3 PM to Midnight weekdays.

On September 30, 1985, Howard Stern was terminated abruptly after a series of outrageous bits and listener complaints. In "Private Parts", Stern detailed how WNBC management expected that his last day would be September 26, and that Stern would not go in to work on September 27 due to Hurricane Gloria. However, Stern went in, and because there was no station management on hand, Stern did his show as normal.

After Stern's dismissal, ratings plummeted and they were under a two-share by 1986. Initially they played a bit more music and then went through several temporary afternoon hosts. Afternoons were back to about 12 songs per hour. The music was more of a gold-based Adult COntemporary format with many oldies and moderate amounts of current product. In the Spring of 1986 Joey Reynolds moved onto afternoons with a talk-intensive show playing a few songs an hour. Wolfman Jack was dropped on overnights in favor of various weekend announcers playing oldies from 1955 to 1973 (mostly late 1960s). Weekends had Bill Grundfest doing a talk intensive show a few hours each day playing four songs an hour. Despite these changes, by the fall of 1986, WNBC was in a ratings crisis.

On the afternoon of October 22, 1986, the station's "N-Copter" traffic helicopter crashed into the Hudson River killing traffic reporter Jane Dornacker and severely injuring pilot Bill Pate. As millions of WNBC listeners heard Dornacker giving her traffic report she suddenly paused, a grinding noise could be heard in the background and Dornacker screaming in terror "Hit the water! Hit the water! Hit the water!", then the radio transmission was cut off and a very shaken radio host Joey Reynolds awkwardly tried to figure out what had happened by saying "Okay, we're going to play some music here I think." Dornacker had recently gotten back to flying in a helicopter after surviving a previous crash of the N-Copter into the Hackensack River in New Jersey a few months earlier. An episode of NBC's television show "Third Watch" featured a similar incident (although it may have been more of a reference to the crash of WNBC-TV's helicopter, which crashed into the Passaic River in New Jersey over a decade later, with no deaths).

Early in 1987, oldies were dropped on overnights in favor of Alan Colmes, who would also do a talk intensive show and a few songs per hour. That March, Soupy Sales and Joey Reynolds left. Alan Colmes moved to afternoons and continued to play four songs per hour. Big Jay Sorenson, who was Joey Reynolds' producer moved to overnights to hosting an oldies show that was resumed from before Alan Colmes took that slot. This show was now marketed as "The Time Machine", playing oldies from 1955-74 (emphasising 1964-69), complete with old jingles and an echo effect, resulting in a sound similar to WABC's during its Top 40 heyday. Also, Ray D'Ariano (Soupy Sales' former cohost) remained in Soupy Sales's time slot but was now playing 1955-73 oldies during middays. His show was music-intensive playing about 12 oldies an hour.

In the summer of 1987, WNBC modified their format, keeping Imus in the morning playing a few AC cuts and a couple oldies an hour with his usual talk. Alan Colmes continued hosting the afternoon drive talk show but dropped music altogether. In evenings, Dave Sims continued with sports talk along with Knicks and Rangers games. "The Time Machine" remained on overnights but was now expanded to full-time on weekends with hosts Dan Taylor (laid off from WHN when they became WFAN), The Real Bob James, Jim Collins, Dale Parsons, Carol Mason, and others. Ray D'Ariano continued his midday weekday oldies show but was not part of the Time Machine programming. His show had newer WNBC jingles, no echo sound effects, and slightly softer songs. From the Summer of 1987 to the station's demise on October 7, 1988, WNBC's format was classified as Adult Contemporary but they only played Adult Contemporary cuts during Imus's show. The actual format was block programming featuring AC and Talk in morning drive; All Oldies on Middays, overnights, and weekends; Talk weekday afternoons; and sports weekday evenings and whenever the Knicks or Rangers played a game. It was difficult to classify WNBC's format at that point.

The beginning of WFAN and the end of WNBC: 1987-1988

In early 1988 General Electric, which now owned NBC through its purchase of RCA two years earlier, announced that it would sell off the NBC Radio division. In February of that year GE made a multi-station deal with Emmis and, in New York, the WNBC license for 660 was included in the sale. Emmis announced it would move WFAN to the 660 frequency. At the time, WFAN was located at 1050 AM, and had a somewhat marginal signal in portions of the New York area.

On October 7, 1988 at 5:30 p.m., the WFAN call letters, studios, programming and staff moved to WNBC's old frequency at 660 AM, which has a much better signal. Earlier in day, the station aired a 90-minute retrospective titled "WNBC-The First 66 Years," hosted by Dale Parsons. The program was written and produced by Parsons and his wife, Ginny, who spent nearly six months researching the station's history. The last voice heard on WNBC was that of Alan Colmes, who counted down the seconds to WNBC's demise with the legendary NBC chimes (the notes G-E-C) playing in the background. After 66 years, the long history of NBC radio in New York had come to an end. Although the FCC regards the 660 frequency as changing its calls from WNBC to WFAN on that day, WFAN does not claim WNBC's history. It did, however, sign up Imus to take Greg Gumbel's place in the morning. Imus would remain on the morning drive-time slot for 19 years, until his firing in 2007 for comments about the Rutgers University women's basketball team.

In the complicated switch that saw WFAN move to the 660 frequency, the 1050 frequency that was formerly the home of WFAN became that of Spanish-language WUKQ, owned by Spanish Broadcasting System. However, SBS already owned an AM station in the market, Newark-based WSKQ at 620 kHz., and in those days FCC rules stipulated that companies could own only one AM station per market. As a result, SBS received a temporary waiver to run 1050 while exploring the sale of either AM frequency. SBS chose to keep 620 (it is now WSNR), and 1050 was traded to Forward Communications, which owned WEVD, then at 97.9 FM. After that deal was approved, WEVD's call letters and programming moved to 1050 AM (it is now WEPN and ironically a sports station), and SBS took over 97.9 as WSKQ-FM. The October NBC-Emmis switch also saw Emmis's WQHT (then at 103.5 MHz.) move to 97.1 MHz., which had been the home of NBC's WYNY. Emmis sold the 103.5 frequency to Westwood One, who also acquired the WYNY call letters and its country music format.

In all this, WFAN retired two of the oldest radio call letters from the dawn of commercial radio: WHN and WNBC.

References

External links

* [http://www.imonthe.net/66wnbc/ 66 WNBC Tribute Pages]