- Oriundo
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"Oriundi" redirects here. For the 1999 film starring Anthony Quinn, see Oriundi (film).
The term oriundo is an Italian and Spanish noun describing an immigrant of native ancestry. It comes from the Latin verb oriri (orior), "be born", and is related to Orient.[1]
Contents
Overview
Some oriundi have played for the Italian or Spanish national football teams in international competition; among these are some who had previously represented their native country. FIFA requires international footballers to have either citizenship of a country or close ancestral ties to it. Oriundi may qualify under the latter heading; in addition, they can acquire citizenship more easily than immigrants not of native extraction, owing to jus sanguinis. When the Italian and Spanish Leagues imposed quotas or bans on "foreign" players, oriundi were partially or totally exempt from these.
Tours by European club sides of Latin America were common from the 1920s to the 1950s; tours in the reverse direction also occurred. European managers often recruited Latin Americans they had seen playing on these tours. The recruitment of dual internationals was greatly reduced by FIFA which ruled in 1964 that a player could not represent more than one country[2]. In the 1960s, with incidents like the Battle of Santiago in 1962 and several finals of the Intercontinental Cup, South American football came to be seen as more violent and defensive, and hence fewer players were recruited[2].
Italian oriundi
The Italian Americans who "returned" to Italy in the 1920s and 30s were known as rimpatriati ("repatriated people"). In Fascist Italy they automatically had dual citizenship and had no need to undergo naturalization[3]. Vittorio Pozzo, manager of the national team, selected several for the victorious 1934 World Cup side. He rebutted critics of this policy by saying "if they can die for Italy, they can play for Italy", [4], a reference to conscription. Guaita, Scopelli and Stagnaro tried to leave for France to avoid being called up for the Abyssinian campaign in 1936[5].
Oriundi as a term in Italian football dates from the early 1950s. The category existed separately from native and foreign players at intervals until the 1970s[6]. Sivori, Maschio, and Angelillo, the three stars of the Argentina team that won the 1957 Copa América were signed by Italian clubs and given citizenship, thereby missing Argentina's disappointing showing at the 1958 World Cup[7].
In 1966, all foreigners were banned from the Italian League. Their presence was blamed for the contued underperfomance of the national side, culminating at the humiliating defeat by North Korea at that year's World Cup[8]. The ban was eased when one foreigner per Serie A team was allowed from 1980[9].
Currently, the most famous Italian oriundo is the Juventus' Argentinian footballer Mauro Camoranesi, who is an Italian citizen due to his grandfather from Marche. Mauro won the 2006 FIFA World Cup with the azzurri.
List of Italian football oriundi
Player Country/countries Senior team Under 23[10] Under 21[11] Matches Goals Matches Goals Matches Goals José Altafini 
Brazil6 5 0 0 2 3 Amauri Brazil1 0 0 0 0 0 Miguel "Michele" Andreolo 
Uruguay26 1 0 0 0 0 Antonio Valentín Angelillo 
Argentina2 1 0 0 1 0 Emilio Badini Argentina2 1 0 0 0 0 Mauro German Camoranesi Argentina55 5 0 0 0 0 Renato Cesarini Argentina11 3 0 0 0 0 Arturo Chini Ludueña Argentina0 0 6 4 0 0 Dino da Costa Brazil1 1 1 0 0 0 Alessandro de Maria Brazil0 0 2 3 0 0 Hernan Pablo Dellafiore Argentina0 0 0 0 1 0 Attilio Demaria Argentina13 3 4 4 0 0 Alfredo Devincenzi Argentina0 0 1 0 0 0 Ricardo Faccio Uruguay5 0 2 0 0 0 Ottavio Fantoni Brazil1 0 0 0 0 0 Francesco Fedullo Uruguay2 3 4 3 0 0 Emanuele Figliola Uruguay0 0 3 1 0 0 Edwing Roland Firmani 
South Africa / 
England3 2 1 0 0 0 Enrico Flamini Argentina0 0 1 0 0 0 Fernando Martín Forestieri Argentina0 0 0 0 1 0 Francesco Frione Uruguay0 0 4 1 0 0 Elisio Gabardo Brazil0 0 1 0 0 0 Alcide Ghiggia Uruguay5 1 0 0 0 0 Enrique Guaita Argentina10 5 1 2 0 0 Anfilogino Guarisi Brazil6 1 2 1 0 0 Paolo Innocenti Brazil0 0 4 0 0 0 Cristian Ledesma Argentina1 0 0 0 0 0 Julio Libonatti Argentina17 15 0 0 0 0 Francisco Lojacono Argentina8 5 2 0 0 0 Rinaldo Martino Argentina1 0 0 0 0 0 Ernesto Mascheroni Uruguay2 0 0 0 0 0 Humberto Maschio Argentina2 0 1 0 0 0 Luisito Monti Argentina18 1 0 0 0 0 Thiago Motta Brazil2 1 0 0 0 0 Giovanni Moscardini 
Scotland9 7 0 0 0 0 Miguel Angèl Montuori Argentina / 
Chile12 2 0 0 0 0 Raimondo Orsi Argentina35 13 0 0 0 0 Pablo Daniel Osvaldo Argentina1 0 0 0 12 2 Bruno Pesaola Argentina1 0 6 0 0 0 Roberto Porta Uruguay1 0 1 0 0 0 Ettore Puricelli Uruguay / Argentina1 1 0 0 0 0 Eduardo Ricagni Argentina3 2 0 0 0 0 Humberto Rosa Argentina0 0 1 0 0 0 Attila Sallustro 
Paraguay2 1 2 1 0 0 Raffaele Sansone Uruguay3 0 3 0 0 0 Fabiano Santacroce Brazil0 0 0 0 6 0 Ezequiel Schelotto Argentina0 0 0 0 1 0 Juan Alberto Schiaffino Uruguay4 0 0 0 0 0 Alessandro Scopelli Argentina1 0 0 0 0 0 Pedro Sernagiotto Brazil0 0 1 0 0 0 Omar Sivori Argentina9 8 0 0 0 0 Angelo Benedicto Sormani Brazil7 2 1 1 0 0 Ulisse Uslenghi Uruguay / Argentina0 0 1 0 0 0 Giuseppe Wilson England3 0 0 0 0 0 Italian rugby oriundi
The number of Argentines playing rugby in Italy has increased since Italy embraced professionalism in 1995, while the Argentine league system remains amateur. (However, professionals, including those based in Europe, are eligible to play for the Argentina national team, and the country's national federation is in the early stages of creating a domestic professional player pool for the national team.) Italian rugby also allows naturalized foreigners. Restrictions on changing nationality are less strict in rugby than in soccer, and three years' residency qualifies. Oriundi capped by the Italy national rugby union team include:
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Name Original country/countries Matías Agüero ArgentinaDavid Bortolussi 
FranceGonzalo Canale ArgentinaPablo Canavosio ArgentinaMartin Castrogiovanni ArgentinaOscar Collodo 
SwitzerlandSantiago Dellapè ArgentinaDiego Dominguez ArgentinaMark Giacheri 
AustraliaRamiro Martinez-Frugoni ArgentinaLuke McLean AustraliaAlessandro Moreno ArgentinaCarlos Nieto ArgentinaLuciano Orquera ArgentinaSergio Parisse ArgentinaAaron Persico 
New ZealandRamiro Pez ArgentinaMatt Pini AustraliaFederico Pucciariello ArgentinaJosh Sole[12] New ZealandMarko Stanojevic[13] England / 
SerbiaLaurent Travini FranceNick Zisti AustraliaSpanish oriundi
Few South Americans played football in Spain before World War II[14]. Spain under General Franco allowed for dual nationality with Latin American countries from 1954[6]. Players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano and Héctor Rial quickly transferred, and helped make Real Madrid the dominant club of the early years of the European Cup. In 1962, the Spanish League banned all foreign players, as their presence was blamed for the poor performance of the national team[8]. Oriundi were allowed if they had not been capped by their native country. As a result, clubs were anxious to prove Spanish ancestry for would-be imports, resulting in some dubious cases. Some players obtained forged birth certificates, providing spurious Spanish ancestors. This was easy in Paraguay during the corrupt dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner[15]. Consequent scandals emerged at various times, including one exposed by FC Barcelona in 1972. In 1973, to reduce the incentive for corruption, up to two non-oriundi foreigners were allowed per team. Nevertheless, the recruiting of Latin American players continued so strong the Argentine FA in preparation for hosting the 1978 World Cup forbade its preliminary squad of 40 from moving abroad, lest they be "poached"[16]. Spain reduced the number of oriundi to one per team after another forgery scandal in 1979[9] From 1979 to 1982, no Argentines were allowed abroad, and many like Mario Kempes returned home[9].
External links
- Oriundi: Games, goals, captains from Forza Azzurri fansite.
References
- Taylor, Matthew; Pierre Lanfranchi (2001-06-01). Moving With the Ball: the migration of professional footballers. Oxford: Berg. ISBN 978-1-85973-307-3.
- ^ Pianigiani, Ottorino. Dizionario etimologico
- ^ a b Taylor, pg 97.
- ^ Taylor, pg 76.
- ^ Brian Glanville (2004-07-05). "Luck or judgment? Managerial choices at Euro 2004 raise eyebrows". Sports Illustrated/CNN. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/soccer/07/05/glanville.ws/index.html. Retrieved 2006-11-05. ""If they can die for Italy then can play for Italy!" thundered Italy's commanding chief Vittorio Pozzo."
- ^ Martin, Simon (2004-12-10). Football and Fascism: The National Game Under Mussolini. Oxford: Berg. p. 196. ISBN 978-1-85973-705-7.
- ^ a b Taylor, pg 91.
- ^ Taylor, pg 93
- ^ a b Taylor, pg 96.
- ^ a b c Taylor, pg 101.
- ^ From 1982-90 the U23 team was called Sperimentale and served as the Olympic team.
- ^ The U21 team has been the Olympic team since 1990
- ^ "Italy squad: Josh Sole (Viadana)". RBS6Nations. Archived from the original on 2006-06-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20060612114504/http://www.rbs6nations.com/squad_italy_320512.htm. Retrieved 2006-11-05. "Although Sole's family is Italian, he was born in Hamilton, New Zealand"
- ^ Jonathan McConnell (2006-10-26). "Stanojevic in line to face Wallabies". Guinness Premiership. http://www.guinnesspremiership.com/254_8867.php. Retrieved 2006-11-06. "Marko Stanojevic .. made his debut against Portugal ... then went on to earn his second cap against Russia."[dead link]
"Mr Bow Jangles" (2003-10-17). "THE BOW FILES: MARKO STANOJEVIC". Sport Network. http://www.sportnetwork.net/main/s100/st35210.htm. Retrieved 2006-11-06. "Place of Birth: Birmingham...Dad: Milan (Yugoslavian)...Mum: Bruna (Italian)" - ^ Taylor, pg 87.
- ^ Taylor, pg 98.
- ^ Taylor, pg 99
Categories:- People of Italian descent
- Italian words and phrases
- Association football in South America
- Rugby union in Italy
- Italian sportspeople
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