Dick Armey

Dick Armey
Dick Armey
Dick Armey in 1997
House Majority Leader
In office
January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2003
Speaker Newt Gingrich (1995–1999)
Dennis Hastert (1999–2003)
Whip Tom DeLay
Preceded by Dick Gephardt
Succeeded by Tom DeLay
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Texas's 26th district
In office
January 3, 1985 – January 3, 2003
Preceded by Tom Vandergriff
Succeeded by Michael C. Burgess
Personal details
Born Richard Keith Armey
July 7, 1940 (1940-07-07) (age 71)
Cando, North Dakota
Political party Republican
Spouse(s) Susan Armey
Profession Economist
Religion Presbyterian[1]

Richard Keith "Dick" Armey (pronounced /ˈɑrmi/; born July 7, 1940) is a former U.S. Representative from Texas's 26th congressional district (1985–2003) and House Majority Leader (1995–2003). He was one of the engineers of the "Republican Revolution" of the 1990s, in which Republicans were elected to majorities of both houses of Congress for the first time in four decades. Armey was one of the chief authors of the Contract with America. Armey is also an author and former economics professor. After his congressional career he worked as a consultant, advisor and lobbyist.

Contents

Early life, education and career

Armey was born in the farming town of Cando, North Dakota, the son of Marion (née Gutschlag) and Glenn Armey.[2] He grew up in a rural area. He graduated from Jamestown College with a B.A. and then received an M.A. from the University of North Dakota and a PhD in economics from the University of Oklahoma. Armey is a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity.[3]

Armey served on the economics faculty at the University of Montana from 1964 to 1965, was an Assistant Professor of economics at West Texas State University from 1967 to 1968, an Assistant Professor of economics at Austin College from 1968 to 1972, an Associate Professor of economics at North Texas State (now the University of North Texas) from 1972 to 1977 and Chairman of the economics department at North Texas State from 1977 to 1983.[4]

U.S. House of Representatives

Armey was first elected to the House in 1984 in the 26th District of Texas, defeating freshman congressman Tom Vandergriff in what is still considered a huge upset (Vandergriff is well-known in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex, most notably for bringing Major League Baseball's Texas Rangers to the area). Armey was one of six freshmen Republican Party congressmen elected from Texas in 1984 that were known as the Texas Six Pack. Due to the increasingly Republican tilt of the Metroplex, Armey would never face another tough race and was reelected eight times. In his early years in Congress, Armey was influenced by libertarian Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises.[5]

Leadership challenge

In the summer of 1997 several House Republicans, who saw Speaker Newt Gingrich's public image as a liability, attempted to replace him as Speaker. The attempted "coup" began July 9 with a meeting between Republican conference chairman John Boehner of Ohio and Republican leadership chairman Bill Paxon of New York. According to their plan, House Majority Leader Armey, House Majority Whip Tom DeLay, Boehner and Paxon were to present Gingrich with an ultimatum: resign, or be voted out. However, Armey balked at the proposal to make Paxon the new Speaker, and told his chief of staff to warn Gingrich about the coup.[6]

On July 11, Gingrich met with senior Republican leadership to assess the situation. He explained that under no circumstance would he step down. If he was voted out, there would be a new election for Speaker, which would allow for the possibility that Democrats—along with dissenting Republicans—would vote in Dick Gephardt as Speaker. On July 16, Paxon offered to resign his post, feeling that he had not handled the situation correctly, as the only member of the leadership who had been appointed to his position—by Gingrich—instead of elected.[7]

Later congressional career

After heavy Republican losses in the 1998 elections, Armey had to fend off a bruising challenge for his majority leader post from Steve Largent of Oklahoma, a member of the Republican class of 1994. Although Armey was not popular in the Republican caucus, Largent was thought to be far too conservative for the liking of some moderate Republicans, and Armey won on the third ballot.[8] Soon afterward, Speaker-elect Bob Livingston of Louisiana announced he wouldn't take the post after the revelation of an extramarital affair, Armey initially seemed to have the inside track to become Speaker. As majority leader, he was the number-two Republican in the chamber. However, he was still badly wounded from Largent's challenge, and opted not to run. The post eventually went to Chief Deputy Whip Dennis Hastert of Illinois.

Armey served another four years before announcing his retirement in 2002. In his last legislative effort, he was named chairman of the House Select Committee on Homeland Security and was the primary sponsor of the legislation that created the Department of Homeland Security.

After Armey's retirement, fellow Texan and Republican Tom DeLay, then House Majority Whip, was elevated to Armey's Majority Leader position. Armey's son, Scott, ran for his father's seat in the 2002 election, but lost in the Republican Party (GOP) runoff to Michael C. Burgess, who would go on to hold the strongly Republican 26th District for the GOP in November.

Political positions

Contract with America

In 1994, Armey, then House Republican Conference Chairman, joined Minority Whip Newt Gingrich in drafting the Contract with America. Republican members credited this election platform with the Republican takeover of Congress, rewarding Gingrich with the position of Speaker and Armey with the number two position of House Majority Leader. Gingrich delegated to Armey an unprecedented level of authority over scheduling legislation on the House floor, a power traditionally reserved to the Speaker. Armey has been accused of being involved in a 1997 attempt to oust Gingrich as Speaker,[9] something Armey has strongly denied. In 1995 Armey referred to openly homosexual Congressman Barney Frank, as "Barney Fag". Armey said it was a slip of the tongue.[10] Armey and his staff, especially spokesman Jim Wilkinson, took the lead in spreading the idea that Al Gore claimed to have "invented the internet."[11][12][13]

Defense spending

During his time in Congress, Armey conceived the independent nonpolitical commission that became responsible for identifying those military bases to be closed as a cost-cutting measure. After his retirement from Congress, he told the New York Times: "A lot of people say if you cut defense, you’re demonstrating less than a full commitment to our nation’s security, and that’s baloney."[14]

Economy and taxation

As a free-market economist influenced by the ideas of Milton Friedman, Armey favored relatively open immigration and the elimination of barriers to the movement of goods and people across national boundaries. Armey was one of Congress's fervent supporters of privatization of Social Security and phasing-out of farm subsidies. He is a strong supporter of replacing the progressive tax levels and a complex system of deductions with a simplified single rate known as a flat tax where the poorest taxpayer would pay the same tax percentage as the wealthiest. Armey is very critical of a competing tax reform proposal that would replace the current system with a national sales tax, the FairTax.

Health Care

In 1999, Armey sponsored the Fair Care for the Uninsured Act: something that would also be proposed in 2001, 2003, and 2005 (by Mark Kennedy, after Armey left Congress). It proposed using tax credits to offset the cost of health insurance; providing for individuals to be able to go outside the workplace to obtain portable private health coverage directly from an insurance company; and the creation of a "safety net" for the uninsured. The law never made it through Congress, but some of these concepts did make it into the Massachusetts "Romneycare" law of 2006 and from there into President Obama's controversial health-care reform in 2010 ("Obamacare"). Armey is a vocal opponent of the most controversial element of the Romney/Obama approach to health reform, namely, its individual mandate to purchase health benefits. He also voiced public opposition to the individual mandate when it was proposed by both First Lady Hillary Clinton and the conservative Heritage Foundation during the contentious national health care reform debate of 1993 and 1994.

Iraq War

In 2006, Michael Isikoff's book Hubris included Armey as an on-the-record source, who said he was initially reluctant to support the Bush administration's call for war with Iraq, and that he had warned President George W. Bush that such a war might be a "quagmire". Armey said that the intelligence presented to him in support of the war appeared questionable, but he gave Bush the benefit of the doubt.

According to Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Barton Gellman, former Vice President Dick Cheney told Armey that Saddam Hussein's family had direct ties to Al-Qaeda and that Saddam was developing miniature nuclear weapons. Armey then voted for the Iraq War, but after it became clear this was not true, stated that he "deserved better than to be bullshitted by the Vice President."[15] Robert Draper's Dead Certain: The Presidency of George W. Bush recounts a conversation in late summer 2002 between Armey and Cheney. Armey insisted that American forces would get "mired down" in Iraq if they invaded, but Cheney offered this assurance: "They're going to welcome us. It'll be like the American army going through the streets of Paris. They're sitting there ready to form a new government. The people will be so happy with their freedoms that we'll probably back ourselves out of there within a month or two."[16]

Israel

On May 1, 2002, on MSNBC's "Hardball with Chris Matthews", Armey, then the House Republican Majority Leader, called for Palestinians to be expelled from the Palestinian Occupied Territories. Armey repeatedly said that he would be "content" with Israel completely taking over all of the Palestinian Occupied Territories and transfer the Palestinian population out. He further stated that the Palestinians could then build their state in the "many Arab nations that have many hundreds of thousands of acres of land".[17][18][19]

Controversies

In 1989 he wrote a letter to the National Endowment for the Arts about the grants for Andres Serrano and Robert Mapplethorpe, calling their work "morally reprehensible trash."[20]

Quote during Clinton Impeachment

In 1998, during the Monica Lewinsky scandal, a reporter asked him what he would do if he were in President Bill Clinton's position. He replied "If I were in the President's place I would not have gotten a chance to resign. I would be lying in a pool of my own blood, hearing Mrs. Armey standing over me saying, 'How do I reload this damn thing?'"[21]

Focus on the Family

According to Armey, he also sparred with Focus on the Family leader James Dobson while in office. Armey wrote, "As Majority Leader, I remember vividly a meeting with the House leadership where Dobson scolded us for having failed to 'deliver' for Christian conservatives, that we owed our majority to him, and that he had the power to take our jobs back. This offended me, and I told him so." Armey states that Focus on the Family targeted him politically after the incident, writing, "Focus on the Family deliberately perpetuates the lie that I am a consultant to the ACLU."[22] Armey has also said that "Dobson and his gang of thieves are real nasty bullies."[23]

DLA Piper

At the start of 2003, Armey joined the Washington office of the law firm DLA Piper (formerly DLA Piper Rudnick Gray Cary) as a senior policy advisor.[24] Armey was also the firm's co-chairman of its Homeland Security Task Force.[25]

In August 2009 Armey was asked to step down from his lobbying position at DLA Piper, which was doing lobbying work for the pharmaceutical industry regarding health care reform legislation. Armey was simultaneously chairing the conservative group FreedomWorks which was actively working to defeat health care reform by encouraging and organizing high conservative turnouts at congressional and senatorial town hall meetings. DLA Piper was concerned about the conflict of interest particularly since their clients were spending millions in advertising and lobbying money to support the passage of health care reform and FreedomWorks was linked to demonstrations at town hall forums where health care reform was being discussed.[26]

FreedomWorks

In 2003, Armey became co-chairman of Citizens for a Sound Economy, which in 2004 merged with Empower America to become FreedomWorks. "FreedomWorks" is a common Armey saying and the organization is dedicated to advancing a "Freedom Agenda" of "lower taxes, less government, and more freedom." FreedomWorks states that it has 700,000 members nationwide and full time staff in 10 states. In his role as Chairman, Armey continues to be a national political figure and grassroots leader. He travels widely, meeting with activists and legislators. In 2005, for example, he testified before the President's Advisory Panel on Tax Reform and debated Governor of Colorado Bill Owens on a tax increase ballot measure.

August 2009 town hall meetings health care controversy

In 2009, FreedomWorks launched a campaign against health care reform proposals, accusing the Obama administration of attempting to "socialize medicine".[27][28] A strategy manual disseminated by a FreedomWorks volunteer explained "best practices" including "Inflate your numbers", describing how one group succeeded in dominating a group of 150 voters in which only 30 opposed healthcare reform.[29]

Referencing a piece entitled "On Private Conference Call, Tea Party Organizers Say No Reform At All is Goal" on Greg Sargent's liberal blog The Plum Line,[30] Rachel Maddow argued in her opinion piece "TRMS Investigates FreedomWorks"[31] that the right's strategy was to disrupt and shut down the August 2009 town hall congressional meetings on health care reform[31] by “scaring real Americans with increasingly paranoid and kooky lies about health care and then providing a script for how to express that fear.”[32] At many of the town halls Democratic "members of Congress have been shouted down, hanged in effigy and taunted by crowds"[33] in an apparent organized effort to rattle the congresspeople presiding over the meetings rather than to seek a compromise solution to health care reform.

The phone conversation cited by Sargent in "On Private Conference Call . . ." was moderated by The Tea Party Patriots, a national co-partner of Dick Armey's FreedomWorks, according to FreedomWorks itself. The Tea Party Patriots website later called for Patriots to begin making calls to melt Congress' phone lines and to weigh in on the health care debate actively, aggressively, and with big numbers.[34] In addition to being the chair of FreedomWorks, Dick Armey was a senior policy adviser for DC-based lobbying firm DLA Piper, whose recent and/or current clients include "pharmaceutical maker Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, ... health care provider Metropolitan Health Networks, and the pharmaceutical firm Medicines Company,".[31] Dick Armey's concurrent posts with both FreedomWorks and DLA Piper became particularly controversial in light of the $1,290,000 DLA Piper received in 2009 from the pharmaceutical company Medicines Co.[35] However, Pharmaceutical companies generally supported and lobbied in favor of the Democratic health care agenda, since it is expected to increase their profits.[36] In the report cited above, Maddow also cited the example of The American Council of Life Insurers, which paid DLA Piper $100,000 shortly before FreedomWorks lobbied to deregulate life insurance, as one instance of a possible conflict of interest involving Armey and the two organizations.

Addressing DLA Piper's role in the situation, chairman Francis Burch said “…DLA Piper represents clients who support enactment of effective health care reform this year and encourages responsible national debate."[37][38] Amid what Politico called "the health care flap", on August 14, 2009, DLA Piper asked Armey to resign, and he left the firm.[39]

Books

  • Armey, Dick (1995). The Freedom Revolution. Washington, DC: Regnery. ISBN 9780895264695. 
  • Armey, Dick (1996). The Flat Tax: A Citizen's Guide to the Facts on What It Will Do for You, Your Country, and Your Pocketbook. New York: Ballantine. ISBN 9780449910955. 
  • Armey, Dick (2003). Armey's Axioms: 40 Hard-Earned Truths from Politics, Faith, and Life. New York: Wiley. ISBN 9780471469131. 
  • Armey, Dick; Matt Kibbe (2010). Give Us Liberty: A Tea Party Manifesto. New York: William Morrow. ISBN 9780062015877. 

References

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ [2]
  3. ^ "Prominent Pikes". Pikes.org. http://www.pikes.org/alum/about/content.aspx?item=navigable/about/ProminentPikes.xml#. Retrieved September 13, 2009. 
  4. ^ Guttery, Ben R. "Representing Texas: a comprehensive history of U.S. and Confederate senators and representatives from Texas", 2008, pp. 16–17
  5. ^ Rothbard, Murray (1994-12-30) Newt Gingrich Is No Libertarian, Washington Post
  6. ^ "Attempted Republican Coup: Ready, Aim, Misfire". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/07/21/time/gingrich.html. Retrieved May 20, 2010. 
  7. ^ Gingrich, Newt (1998). Lessons Learned the Hard Way. HarperCollins Publishers. pp. 159–160. ISBN 978-0060191061. 
  8. ^ Guy Gugliotta and Juliet Eilperin. House Republicans Embrace Livingston, Armey, Watts. Washington Post, 1998-11-19.
  9. ^ "Newt Gingrich: House Ethics Case". The Washington Post. 1997-07-22. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/gingrich/gingrich.htm. Retrieved September 13, 2009. 
  10. ^ Rich, Frank (February 2, 1995). "Journal; Closet Clout". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/02/opinion/journal-closet-clout.html. Retrieved August 11, 2010. 
  11. ^ Ben Smith (October 27, 2003). "Iraq Media Guy Rebuilds Qatar At the Garden". The New York Observer: p. 1. http://www.observer.com/node/48249. 
  12. ^ Harvey Rice (March 21, 2004). "A war story I wish I'd written". Oakland Tribune. http://www.northstarinst.org/TSS/A_war_story_031304.htm. 
  13. ^ Catalina Camia (May 30, 1999). "Armey takes lead in criticizing Gore's potential campaign themes". Dallas Morning News: p. 8.A. "(Abstract) House Majority Leader Dick Armey has appointed himself the chief congressional critic of Al Gore, taking every opportunity to attack the vice president. "Armey believes we should let the sun shine on what Gore stands for," said Jim Wilkinson, the congressman's spokesman. "As long as Gore comes up with nutty ideas, we'll come up with sharp responses." The unofficial "truth squad" began in earnest when an Armey aide heard Mr. Gore say in a CNN interview that he "took the initiative in creating the Internet."" 
  14. ^ Bumiller, Elizabeth and Shanker, Tom (2011-01-27) G.O.P. Splits Over Plans to Cut Defense Budget, New York Times
  15. ^ David Edwards, Muriel Kane (2008-09-16). "Author: Dick Armey livid Cheney 'bullshitted' him about Iraq 'mini-nuke'". the raw story. http://rawstory.com/news/2008/Author_Cheney_has_been_first_deputy_0916.html. Retrieved 2009-01-28. [dead link]
  16. ^ Draper, Robert. Dead Certain: The Presidency of George W. Bush. p.178, New York, 2007, ISBN 0-7432-7729-5
  17. ^ "CounterPunch Wire: Dick Armey Calls for Ethnic Cleansing of Palestinians". Counterpunch.org. http://www.counterpunch.org/armey0502.html. Retrieved 2010-08-18. 
  18. ^ "Richard Armey Supports Ethnic Cleansing of Palestinians (by Ahmed Amr) – Media Monitors Network". Mediamonitors.net. 2002-05-01. http://www.mediamonitors.net/amr115.html. Retrieved 2010-08-18. 
  19. ^ Matthew Engel in Washington (2002-05-04). "Calls on Israel to expel West Bank Arabs | World news". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/may/04/israel3. Retrieved 2010-08-18. 
  20. ^ Margaret Quigley. "The Mapplethorpe Censorship Controversy". The Public Eye. Political Research Associates. http://www.publiceye.org/theocrat/Mapplethorpe_Chrono.html. Retrieved March 2, 2009. 
  21. ^ http://snopes.com/quotes/armey.htm
  22. ^ Dobson, James (2006-10-31). "Mr. Armey, You've Become a Bitter Man". Fox News Channel. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,226522,00.html. Retrieved 2009-05-26. 
  23. ^ McCarthy, Daniel (2007-01-29) The Failure of Fusionism, The American Conservative
  24. ^ Noah, Timothy (2003-01-08). "Who is Dick Armey kidding? – By Timothy Noah – Slate Magazine". Slate.msn.com. http://slate.msn.com/id/2076510/. Retrieved September 13, 2009. 
  25. ^ DLA Piper | Our People | Richard K. Armey[dead link]
  26. ^ Kirkpatrick, David D. (2009-08-14). "Former Congressional Leader Departs Lobbying Firm - Prescriptions Blog". Prescriptions.blogs.nytimes.com. http://prescriptions.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/14/former-congressional-leader-departs-lobbying-firm/#comments. Retrieved September 13, 2009. 
  27. ^ "Dick Armey Fighting Obama On Health Care Reform". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/02/dick-armey-fighting-obama_n_182279.html. Retrieved 2010-08-18. 
  28. ^ "CBS, Fox reports on town hall disruptions ignore conservative strategy" Media Matters (August 5, 2009)
  29. ^ "Memo Details Co-ordinated Anti-Reform Harrassment Strategy" TPM Document Collection (August, 2009)
  30. ^ Greg Sargent's blog. "On Private Conference Call, Tea Party Organizers Say No Reform At All Is Goal | The Plum Line". Theplumline.whorunsgov.com. http://theplumline.whorunsgov.com/president-obama/on-private-conference-call-tea-party-organizers-say-no-reform-at-all-is-goal. Retrieved 2010-08-18. 
  31. ^ a b c "Rachel Maddow Show". MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26315908/#32380712. Retrieved 2010-08-18. 
  32. ^ Politico, Armey leaves firm amid health care flap, Aug 14, 2009
  33. ^ New York Times, August 7, 2009, Beyond Beltway, Health Debate Turns Hostile
  34. ^ "Health Care Events". Tea Party Patriots. http://teapartypatriots.org/hc.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-18. 
  35. ^ "Lobbying Spending Database-Medicines Co, 2009". OpenSecrets. http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?lname=Medicines+Co&year=2009. Retrieved 2010-08-18. 
  36. ^ Herper, Matthew (2009-08-20). "Why Pharma Wants ObamaCare". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2009/08/19/pharmaceuticals-obamacare-reform-business-healthcare-washington.html. Retrieved 2010-11-01. 
  37. ^ Politico, Armey leaves firm amid health care flap, August 9, 2009
  38. ^ Legal Times blog, Armey Leaves DLA Piper, August 14, 2009
  39. ^ Politico, Armey leaves firm amid health care flap, August 9, 2009

External links

Articles
United States House of Representatives
Preceded by
Tom Vandergriff		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Texas's 26th congressional district
1985–2003		 Succeeded by
Michael C. Burgess
Party political offices
Preceded by
Jerry Lewis
California		 Chairman of House Republican Conference
1993–1995		 Succeeded by
John Boehner
Ohio
Preceded by
Dick Gephardt
Missouri		 House Majority Leader
1995–2003		 Succeeded by
Tom DeLay
Texas
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v · d · eRepublican Party Leaders in the United States House of Representatives
Payne • Mann • Mondell • Longworth • Tilson • Snell • Martin • Halleck • Martin • Halleck • Martin • Halleck • Ford • Rhodes • Michel • Armey • DeLay • Blunti • Boehner • Cantor
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