Joseph William Martin, Jr.

Infobox Officeholder
name =Joseph William Martin, Jr.


imagesize =198px
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caption =
order =49th & 51st
office =Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
term_start =January 3, 1947
term_end =January 3, 1949
January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1955
president =Harry S. Truman
Dwight D. Eisenhower
predecessor =Sam Rayburn (twice)
successor =Sam Rayburn (twice)
order2 =Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 15th district
term_start2 =March 4, 1925
term_end2 =March 3, 1933
predecessor2 =Robert M. Leach
successor2 =Charles L. Gifford
order3 =Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 14th district
term_start3 =March 3, 1933
term_end3 =January 3, 1963
predecessor3 =Richard B. Wigglesworth
successor3 =District eliminated
order4 =Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 10th district
term_start4 =January 3, 1963
term_end4 =January 3, 1967
predecessor4 =Laurence Curtis
successor4 =Margaret Heckler
birth_date =November 3, 1884
birth_place =North Attleborough, Massachusetts
death_date =March 6, 1968 (aged 83)
death_place =Hollywood, Florida
nationality =
party =Republican
spouse =
relations =
children =
residence =
alma_mater =
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footnotes =

Joseph William Martin, Jr. (November 3, 1884 - March 6, 1968) was a Republican Congressman and Speaker of the House from North Attleborough, Massachusetts.

Career

Martin served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1912-1914), Massachusetts Senate (1914-1917) and the United States House of Representatives (1925-1967). He was the Chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1940 to 1942. During the New Deal, he stood out as a major opponent of Franklin D. Roosevelt's policies and opposed his internationalist outlook on foreign affairs. However, he supported a few New Deal measures, like the establishment of the minimum wage. After 1952, Martin joined the moderate wing of the Republican Party and supported Dwight D. Eisenhower's internationalist outlook (through support of foreign aid), supporting federal aid for school construction, and supporting Lyndon B. Johnson's Economic Opportunity Act of 1964.

In 1960 McGraw-Hill published "My First Fifty Years in Politics", by Joe Martin as told to Robert J. Donovan.

Martin was the longtime publisher of "The Evening Chronicle" newspaper in North Attleborough, Massachusetts. Soon after his death it merged with a nearby rival and became "The Sun Chronicle" newspaper.

Leadership

He served as Speaker of the House of Representatives on two separate occasions from 1947 to 1949 and from 1953 to 1955. These terms represented two Republican short-term majorities in the House, and Martin's two terms were bookended by Sam Rayburn (D-TX).

Following dramatic Republican losses in the 1958 election cycle, which placed a return to majority status out of reach (for 36 more years, as it turned out, until the 1994 Republican Revolution), Martin was ousted from the leadership by Charles A. Halleck of Indiana. In spite of this defeat, Martin chose to remain as a backbench member of the House. Eight years later, in 1966, he was ousted from his seat in the Republican primary by Margaret Heckler.

After Congress

He lost renomination in 1966. He died in Hollywood, Florida on March 6, 1968.

Legacy

Today in his hometown of North Attleborough, Massachusetts Martin is remembered in the name of one of six local elementary schools. The Joseph W. Martin, Jr. Elementary School bears his name. As well as the Joseph L. Martin Institute for Law and Society, which houses his personal archives. The Martin Institute is located at Stonehill College in North Easton, Massachusetts.

External links

*CongBio|M000191

-USRepSuccessionBox
state=Massachusetts
district=15
before=Robert M. Leach
after= Charles L. Gifford
years=1925–1933USRepSuccessionBox
state=Massachusetts
district=14
before=Richard B. Wigglesworth
reason= District eliminated
years= 1933–1963USRepSuccessionBox
state=Massachusetts
district=10
before=Laurence Curtis
after=Margaret M. Heckler
years=January 3, 1963 (redistricted from the ushr|Massachusetts|14|14th district) – January 3, 1967succession box
title=House Minority Leader
before=Bertrand H. Snell
after=Sam Rayburn
years=1939 – January 3, 1947succession box
title=Chairman of the Republican National Committee
before=John Hamilton
after=Bailey Walsh
years=1940–1942
-