- Volkswagen K70
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Volkswagen K70 
Manufacturer Volkswagen Also called NSU K70 (1969-1970) Production 1970–1974 Assembly Neckarsulm (NSU model)
Salzgitter (VW model)[1]Predecessor none Successor Volkswagen Passat Class Mid-size car Body style 4-door sedan Layout FF layout Engine 1.6 L I4
1.8 L I4Wheelbase 2,690 mm (105.9 in) Length 4,455 mm (175.4 in) Width 1,665 mm (65.6 in) Height 1,455 mm (57.3 in) Curb weight 1,100 kg (2,425 lb) Designer Claus Luthe[2] 
The 1973 facelift involved replacing the rectangular headlights: this distanced the car a little from its NSU origins.
The Volkswagen K70 (pronounced as "ka siebzig" in German) is a sedan automobile developed by NSU and sold by Volkswagen from 1970 until February 1975. The K70 was the first VW to have a front-mounted watercooled engine and the first to have front wheel drive.
Contents
Development as an NSU
Designed by Claus Luthe, the K70 was originally developed by NSU as a smaller brother to the more famous Ro 80, the main difference being that the K70 used a conventional piston engine instead of the Ro80's more complicated Wankel rotary engine. The name "K70" referred to the fact that the engine had a power output of 70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp), the "K" denoting the German word "Kolben", meaning piston, in contrast to the "Ro" denoting the Ro 80's rotary engine.
Postponed launch as a Volkswagen
NSU scheduled the car's press launch for March 1969, intending to present it to the wider public at the Geneva Motor Show of that year. However, just as the car was about to be launched, well founded rumors appeared concerning the then imminent take over of cash strapped NSU by Volkswagen: even before the take over had been made public, the K70's future was threatened by management concerns that the K70 was too close in size and price to the recently launched Audi 100. Plans for the K70 launch were at the last minute deferred, with rumors that Volkswagen personnel removed the K70 from NSU's show stand on the eve of the show. Rumours of the 'merger' reflected a reality endorsed at a special NSU shareholders' meeting that took place on 26 April 1969 and which backed the arrangement whereby NSU took over Auto Union in return for an increase in the NSU share capital issued to Volkswagen.[3] The reality was a take over of NSU by Volkswagen, and during 1969 the Neckarsulm company was integrated with Auto Union, which Volkswagen had acquired from Daimler Benz in 1964 - in turn creating the basis of the modern day Audi company which has evolved to the present day.
VW was nevertheless in desperate need of a new family sedan to replace the commercially unsuccessful Type 4, which itself had been intended as a move upmarket for the Type 1-based cars. Thinking that the K70, featuring front wheel drive and modern styling, was the perfect way to transform its image, the Wolfsburg firm quickly scrapped publicity material showing the K70 badged as an NSU, and just over a year later the sedan instead went into production not at Neckarsulm, but at Volkswagen's new Salzgitter plant. Now branded as a Volkswagen, the K70 finally started coming of the production line with little fanfare in August 1970, and was launched in export markets during the ensuing months. A launch date for the wagon / estate version, already delayed, was further deferred - indefinitely as it turned out.
Engine and transmission
The K70 as launched featured a four-cylinder water-cooled engine: this was a development from the four-cylinder engine mounted in the rear of the NSU 1200, its displacement increased to 1605 cc. Despite reports that the car's name reflected an output of 70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp), the car at launched boasted a claimed 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp). The engine was longitudinally mounted, well forward and placed directly above the differential, between the front wheels, and canted to the right. The clutch and gear box were directly behind the differential, and the three comprised a compact package which necessitated a relatively high bonnet / hood but which also maximised the proportion of the car's weight carried by the front wheels, and the space available for passengers and their luggage, characteristics that the K70 shared with the NSU Ro 80. Despite this arrangement, accessing or replacing the clutch was possible, using a service ramp, without any need to move the engine or gear box.
Although the look of the K70 was modern, the performance from the engine, especially on the entry level 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) versions, was merely adequate. Comparison with the 411, which by 1970 had acquired an enlarged engine and fuel injection, was and is hard to avoid. Neither of VW's family middle weight sedans topped the charts for top speed and acceleration, nor for fuel consumption, and the K70's indifferent fuel consumption became an increasingly pressing issue because the car's production run coincided with the 1973 oil price shock. The introduction during 1973 of an 1807 cc version with a claimed 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) addressed the most acute performance concerns, and was accompanied by redesigned engine and transmission mountings which were intended to reduce interior noise levels.[1] The final K70s did out accelerate the final 412s, and had a higher maximum speed. But in respect of fuel efficiency, the air-cooled model - at least in manual transmission guise - retained a useful advantage till the end.
The body
Unfashionably tall by contemporary standards, the K70 also benefited from the space saving characteristics of its front wheel drive layout and compact engine installation. The boxy cabin was unusually spacious and the luggage capacity class leading. The driver sat slightly higher than in competitor vehicles and the large window area conferred above average all-round visibility.[2] The relatively large glass area also led to the car carrying an above average proportion of its weight above waist height, however, rendering a wide track particularly important in order to ensure lateral stability.[2]
The 1960s was a decade when forward looking manufacturers were highlighting secondary safety features. Those on the K70 included a fuel tank mounted directly ahead of the rear axle and boot/trunk, and within the wheelbase.[2] As publicity for the Mercedes-Benz S Class would stress when that car was launched in 1972, this was the least vulnerable position in terms of the risk of the fuel tank being punctured in the event of a crash. The steering column was angled in order to reduce the risk of its being pushed too far back into the passenger cabin, and while seat belts were an optional extra, at least on the domestic market, mounting points for them were standard.
Commercial
For the Volkswagen dealership network, their staff trained over many years to promote and service rear-engined air-cooled cars, the appearance at relatively short notice of the water-cooled front-engined K70 presented a challenge. Although the car was priced below the Audi 100, there was an unavoidable overlap in the market place with the Volkswagen 411. Despite the different badging, some potential buyers may have tarred the K70 with the same brush as its unreliable NSU Ro 80 sister car, leading to poor sales.
The K70 was replaced in 1973 by the Audi-based Volkswagen Passat, although it continued in production until February 1975, by which time Volkswagen had produced 210,082 K70s before the car was withdrawn. An alternative source gives the production total of the K70 as 211,127.[4]
Data
Technical data VW K70 [5] (Manufacturer's figures except where stated)VW K70 1600 1600S 1800S Produced: 1970–1974 1970–1973 1973–1974 Engine: 4-cylinder-inline engine (four-stroke), front-mounted Bore x Stroke: 82 mm x 76 mm 87 mm x 76 mm Displacement: 1605 cc 1807 cc Max. Power @ rpm: 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) @ 5200 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) @ 5200 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) @ 5300 Max. Torque @ rpm: 122 N·m (90 lb·ft) @ 3500 134 N·m (99 lb·ft) @ 4000 152 N·m (112 lb·ft) @ 3750 Compression Ratio: 8.0 : 1 9.5 : 1 9.5 : 1 Fuel feed: single 2bbl-carburetor Solex 40DDH, later 40DDHT Fuel tank capacity: 52 L (13.7 US gal; 11.4 imp gal) Valvetrain: Overhead camshaft, duplex chain Cooling: Water Gearbox: 4-speed-manual, front wheel drive Electrical system: 12 volt Front suspension: McPherson axle, coil springs, anti-roll bar Rear suspension:: Trailing arms, coils springs, anti-roll bar Brakes: Front discs (Ø 255 mm), rear drums, servo-assisted Steering: Rack & pinion Body structure: Sheet steel, unibody (monocoque) construction Dry weight: 1,060 kg (2,300 lb) 1,060 kg (2,300 lb) 1,100 kg (2,400 lb) Loaded weight: 1,510 kg (3,300 lb) 1,510 kg (3,300 lb) 1,560 kg (3,400 lb) Track front/
rear:1,390 mm (55 in) 1,425 mm (56.1 in) 1,390 mm (55 in) 1,425 mm (56.1 in) 1,390 mm (55 in) 1,425 mm (56.1 in) Wheelbase: 2,690 mm (106 in) 2,690 mm (106 in) 2,690 mm (106 in) Length: 4,420 mm (174 in) 4,420 mm (174 in) 4,470 mm (176 in) Width: 1,685 mm (66.3 in) 1,685 mm (66.3 in) 1,665 mm (65.6 in) Height: 1,450 mm (57 in) 1,450 mm (57 in) 1,435 mm (56.5 in) Tyre/Tire sizes: 165SR14 165SR14 165SR14 Top speed: 148 km/h (92 mph) 158 km/h (98 mph) 162 km/h (101 mph) Fuel Consumption: 12.5 litres per 100 kilometres (22.6 mpg-imp; 18.8 mpg-US) 13.5 litres per 100 kilometres (20.9 mpg-imp; 17.4 mpg-US) 13.5 litres per 100 kilometres (20.9 mpg-imp; 17.4 mpg-US) References
- ^ a b "News". Autocar. 138 (nbr 3998): page 14. date 11 January 1973.
- ^ a b c d "Designs analysed: The Volkswagen K70". Autocar. 135 (nbr 3945): pages 36–39. date 11 November 1971.
- ^ "News and Views: VW-NSU Merger". Autocar. 130 (nbr 3813): page 58. date 13 March 1969.
- ^ Oldtimer Katalog. Nr. 23. Königswinter: HEEL Verlag GmbH. 2009. pp. Seite 355. ISBN 978-3-86852-067-52009.
- ^ Oswald, Werner (2001). Deutsche Autos 1945-1990, Band 4. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. p. 67. ISBN 3-613-02131-5.
- This article incorporates information from the revision as of 2008-04-16 of the equivalent article on the German Wikipedia.
External links
Volkswagen Passenger Cars timeline, European market, 1950–1979 — a marque of the Volkswagen Group — next » type /
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family carType 4 K70 (NSU) Passat Mk1 . . . coupé Karmann Ghia Scirocco I . . . Type 34 Karmann Ghia VW-Porsche 914 utility vehicle Type 181 Kurierwagen/Trekker . . . founder: Deutsche Arbeitsfront • Volkswagen corporate website • A marque of the Volkswagen Group Volkswagen Passenger Cars timeline, North American market, 1950–1979 — a marque of the Volkswagen Group — next » type /
class1950s 1960s 1970s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 economy Beetle (Type 1) compact Fastback / Squareback (Type 3) Rabbit I Dasher mid-size Type 4 K70 (NSU) coupé Karmann Ghia Scirocco I convertible Beetle Convertible Karmann Ghia Convertible van Microbus (Type 2 - T1) Microbus (Type 2 - T2) utility 181 Thing / Safari founder: Deutsche Arbeitsfront • Volkswagen corporate website • A marque of the Volkswagen Group • Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. • Volkswagen Group of America corporate website • North American Volkswagen engines Categories:- Volkswagen vehicles
- Sedans
- Front wheel drive vehicles
- 1970s automobiles
- Vehicles introduced in 1969
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