Bullet Rogan

Bullet Rogan
Bullet Rogan
Bullet Joe Rogan.jpg
Pitcher and Outfielder
Born: July 28, 1893(1893-07-28)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Died: March 4, 1967(1967-03-04) (aged 73)
Kansas City, Missouri
Bats: Right Throws: Right
Professional debut
Negro leagues: 1917, All Nations
Last professional appearance
1938, Kansas City Monarchs
statistics
Win-Loss record     116–50
Earned run average     2.59
Batting average     .338
Teams

As Player

As Manager
Career highlights and awards
Member of the National
Empty Star.svgEmpty Star.svgEmpty Star.svg Baseball Hall of FameEmpty Star.svgEmpty Star.svg Empty Star.svg
Inducted     1998
Election Method     Veterans' Committee

Charles Wilber "Bullet" Rogan, also known as "Bullet Joe" (July 28, 1893 – March 4, 1967), was an American pitcher and outfielder for the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro baseball leagues from 1920 to 1938. Renowned as a two-way player who could both hit and pitch successfully, one statistical compilation shows Rogan winning more games than any other pitcher in Negro leagues history and ranking fourth highest in career batting average.[1] He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998.

Rogan's early baseball career took place in the U.S. Army, where he played for a famous team in the all-black 25th Infantry. After joining the Kansas City Monarchs, he was the top pitcher and one of the best hitters on a team that won three pennants from 1923 to 1925 and the Negro League World Series in 1924. He became a playing manager in 1926 and led his team to another league title in 1929.

"Charleston was everything—but Rogan was more," said William "Big C" Johnson, one of Rogan's Army teammates. "Rogan could do everything, everywhere."[2] "He was the onliest pitcher I ever saw, I ever heard of in my life, was pitching and hitting in the cleanup place," said Satchel Paige.[3] According to Rogan's longtime catcher Frank Duncan, "If you had to choose between Rogan and Paige, you'd pick Rogan, because he could hit. The pitching, you'd as soon have Satchel as Rogan, understand? But Rogan's hitting was so terrific. Get my point?"[4] Casey Stengel called Rogan "one of the best—if not the best—pitcher that ever lived."[5]

Contents

Early life

Wilber Rogan was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. After the death of his mother and his father's remarriage, he moved with his family to Kansas City, Kansas. He began his baseball career there in 1911 as a catcher with Fred Palace's Colts, a semipro team composed mostly of teenagers. Also joining the Colts that season was Dick Whitworth, who would, like Rogan, go on to pitch for many years in the Negro leagues.[6]

Friction with his stepmother and unhappiness with the segregated high school he attended led Rogan to drop out of school before graduation and enlist in the Army on October 19, 1911. He lied about his age to do so.[7] This would cause later confusion about Rogan's age, as some records (along with his Hall of Fame plaque) give his birth year as 1889, others as 1893; recent histories, such as Phil Dixon's, conclude that the latter date is correct.[8]

U.S. Army and the 25th Infantry Wreckers

Rogan served in the Philippines with the 24th Infantry, an all-black regiment, for three years. He was honorably discharged in 1914. Before returning to the United States, Rogan reenlisted, this time with the 25th Infantry, another African American unit, at that time stationed at Schofield Barracks in Hawaii. He was specifically recruited to play for the regiment's famous baseball team, known as the "Wreckers."[9] He made his debut with the Wreckers on July 4, 1915.[10]

His Army teammates included a number of later Negro league stars, such as Dobie Moore, Heavy Johnson, Bob Fagan, Lemuel Hawkins, and William "Big C" Johnson. Over the next three seasons, the Wreckers won the Post League championship, the United States Army Series, and the Oahu League.[11] In February 1917 Rogan twice defeated the Portland Beavers of the Pacific Coast League, who were visiting the islands for spring training.[12] On furlough for several months in 1917, Rogan played professionally for the Los Angeles White Sox, the Kansas City, Kansas, Giants, and J.L. Wilkinson's All Nations Club, but returned to the army for three more years.[13]

In August 1918 Rogan and the rest of the 25th Infantry were moved to Camp Stephen D. Little in Nogales, Arizona. Researchers John Holway and James Riley report that in 1919, Casey Stengel played against Rogan in Arizona, and subsequently recommended him to Wilkinson for his new Negro National League team, the Kansas City Monarchs.[14] However, Rogan had already played in the California Winter League and for Wilkinson's All-Nations team in 1917, and had already been noted by Negro sports reporters as early as 1916.[15]

Professional career

Rogan at the 1924 Colored World Series.

In July 1920, Rogan and Dobie Moore joined the Monarchs. Rogan quickly became the premier pitcher and biggest box-office draw in the young league. By his third season with the Monarchs, 1922, he hit .390, and his 13 home runs were good for second in the league.[16] On August 6, 1923, Rogan combined with teammate and manager José Méndez to pitch a no-hitter against the Milwaukee Bears, Méndez pitching the first five innings and Rogan the last four. That season he hit .364 with a league-leading 16 wins and 151 strikeouts to lead the Monarchs to their first pennant.[17]

In 1924 Rogan hit .395 while compiling a 18–6 record and leading the Monarchs to their second league title.[16] He starred in the first Black World Series, leading the Monarchs with 13 hits and winning two games as Kansas City defeated the Eastern Colored League champion Hilldales.[18] That winter he led the 1924/25 Cuban League with nine victories for the champion Almendares club.[19]

Rogan may have reached his peak in 1925, leading Kansas City to its third straight league championship with a 17–2 record and a .381 batting average.[16] In the playoffs against the St. Louis Stars he hit .450 and won three more games, including one shutout.[20] However, before the World Series rematch with Hilldale, Rogan suffered a knee injury while playing with his young son. Forced to undergo surgery, he missed the series. Without their star, the Monarchs went down to defeat in six games.[21]

The following season, Rogan took over from José Méndez as manager of the Kansas City Monarchs. In that season's NNL playoffs against the Chicago American Giants, he pitched and lost both games of a series-deciding doubleheader to the younger Bill Foster.[22] As late as 1928 at the age of 34, Bullet Rogan was the best hitter (.358) and arguably the best pitcher (10–2) on the Monarchs.[16] That year he slammed three home runs in a game against the Detroit Stars.[23]

Rogan continued at the Monarchs' helm in 1929 when they won their fourth NNL championship and recorded the best record (62–17) in the history of the league.[24] On April 29, 1930, in Enid, Oklahoma, Rogan played for the Monarchs in baseball's first night game.[25] In August he was hospitalized with an undisclosed illness. He remained out of the lineup for more than a year, finally returning on September 28, 1931.[26]

When Wilkinson did not organize a Kansas City Monarchs team for 1932, Rogan joined a white independent team in Jamestown, North Dakota, where he played until August. He batted .315 and went 20–3 as a pitcher before returning to the reorganized Monarchs in September.[27] In the winter of 1933 and 1934, Rogan returned to Hawaii and the Philippines as a member of the Philadelphia Royal Giants, a black all-star team. The Royal Giants toured Japan and China as well.[28] In 1936, at the age of 43, Rogan appeared in the East-West All-Star Game.[29]

Rogan as player and manager

Relatively small (5 foot 7, 180 pounds (82 kg)), Rogan was solidly built and strong, with thin legs and a narrow waist but broad shoulders.[30] He threw and batted right-handed, and used an unusually heavy bat. "You saw Ernie Banks hit in his prime, then you saw Rogan," said Buck O'Neil. "He could hit that ball...He was the type of guy that stood a long way from the plate. Not too close, because they'd jam you."[31] According to his longtime teammate Frank Duncan, "Rogan was one of the best low-ball hitters I ever saw, and one of the best curve-ball hitters. Rogan taught Bob and Irish Meusel how to hit curve balls."[4] While not extremely fast, he ran the bases well and stole when necessary.

As a pitcher, Rogan used a no-windup delivery and both overhand and sidearm motions, and relied on an array of curveballs, a spitball, a palmball, a forkball, and the fastball that gave him his nickname.[32] According to the sportswriter A.S. "Doc" Young, "Joe Rogan possessed as much natural ability as Smokey Joe or Satch, but his control was not up to theirs."[5] Frank Duncan, who caught both Paige and Rogan, said,

Satchel was easier to catch. He could throw it in a quart cup. But Rogan was all over the plate—high, low, inside, outside. He'd walk five-six men, but he didn't give up many runs. Bullet had a little more steam on the ball than Paige—and he had a better-breaking curve. The batters thought it was a fastball heading for them and they would jump back from the plate and all of a sudden, it would break sharply for a strike. I would rank him with today's best. I have never seen a pitcher like him, and I have caught some of the best pitchers in the business.[33]

Another Monarchs teammate, George Carr, said,

Rogan was the greatest pitcher that ever threw a ball. He had not only an arm to pitch with but a head to think with. Rogan was a smart pitcher with a wonderful memory. Once Rogan pitched to a batter, he never forgot that batter's weaknesses and strong points. And don't think Rogan was nicknamed "Bullet" for nothing. That guy had a ball that was almost too fast to catch. He would really burn 'em in there.[5]

As a manager, he was a strict disciplinarian, possibly a result of his military background. Carroll "Dink" Mothell maintained that "Rogan wanted to run the ball club like they did it in the army. He liked to give orders too much, even before he was managing. He used to bawl players out for different things. I could take it, but we had ball players, when he'd get on them, they'd go into a shell, resented it, and didn't give him their best." Another Monarchs pitcher, Chet Brewer, said that "Rogan wasn't the best manager because he was such a great ball player himself. He couldn't teach pitchers much, because he'd say, 'All you have to do is go out and throw the man what I threw'."[34] According to historian Phil Dixon, "In Rogan's first few years as manager he was reluctant to pinch-hit for many of the veterans on his roster because they were his friends." He didn't trust younger players, often inserting himself to pitch or pinch-hit for them.[35] He sometimes treated rookies harshly.[36] Eventually Rogan "discarded his distant approach" and became increasingly known for teaching and developing less experienced players.[37]

Personal life

On October 22, 1922, Wilber Rogan married Kathrine McWilliams, a Colorado farm girl. Their son Wilber Rogan, Jr., was born right after the 1924 World Series.[38] After his retirement as a player, Rogan became an umpire in the Negro American League until 1946, then worked in the post office.[39] He died in Kansas City, Missouri on March 4, 1967 at age 73. The Baseball Hall of Fame first admitted Negro league players in the 1970s, but did not honor Bullet Rogan until 1998, 31 years after his death.

Career statistics

Negro leagues

The first official statistics for the Negro leagues were compiled as part of a statistical study sponsored by the National Baseball Hall of Fame and supervised by Larry Lester and Dick Clark, in which a research team collected statistics from thousands of boxscores of league-sanctioned games.[40] The first results from this study were the statistics for Negro league Hall of Famers elected prior to 2006, which were published in Shades of Glory edited by Lawrence D. Hogan. These statistics include the official Negro league statistics for Bullet Rogan:

Pitching

Year Team League W L Pct G CG IP H BB SO RA ERA
1920 Kansas City NNL 5 3 .625 9 8 79.7 67 27 68 3.62 2.26
1921 Kansas City NNL 12 8 .600 22 20 181.0 150 57 102 3.38 2.24
1922 Kansas City NNL 8 6 .571 19 13 131.3 117 27 80 4.18 1.99
1923 Kansas City p NNL 16 10 .615 33 19 239.7 209 74 146 4.13 2.85
1924 Kansas City c NNL 18 6 .750 27 21 204.0 181 66 115 4.15 2.69
1925 Kansas City p NNL 17 2 .895 24 17 171.3 137 25 102 2.31 2.31
1926 Kansas City NNL 16 5 .762 24 13 158.0 145 41 77 3.65 3.19
1927 Kansas City NNL 13 7 .650 27 13 144.7 134 29 102 3.05 2.30
1928 Kansas City NNL 10 2 .833 17 8 114.3 122 14 54 3.70 2.99
1929 Kansas City p NNL 0 1 .000 2 0 9.3 10 0 3 2.89 2.89
1933 Kansas City Independent 0 0 — 1 0 1.3 4 0 0 20.25 13.50
1935 Kansas City Independent 1 0 1.000 1 0 3.0 5 0 1 9.00 0.00
1937 Kansas City p NAL 0 0 — 2 0 5.7 5 1 5 14.29 7.94
1938 Kansas City NAL 0 0 — 1 0 1.0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00
Total 14 seasons 116 50 .699 209 132 1444.3 1286 361 855 3.66 2.59
    p = pennant; c = Negro League World Series championship.

Source:[41]

Batting

Year Team G AB R H 2B 3B HR RBI SB BB BA SLG
1920 Kansas City 37 145 12 43 5 8 0 6 8 8 .297 .441
1921 Kansas City 66 199 25 57 9 7 4 13 19 23 .286 .462
1922 Kansas City 62 200 40 78 10 6 13 33 15 30 .390 .695
1923 Kansas City 68 209 39 76 12 3 7 45 5 20 .364 .550
1924 Kansas City 60 195 36 77 11 6 5 51 8 16 .395 .590
1925 Kansas City 56 139 20 53 7 8 2 11 5 15 .381 .590
1926 Kansas City 57 147 26 45 8 3 1 8 2 24 .306 .422
1927 Kansas City 56 116 18 38 3 3 2 9 1 21 .328 .457
1928 Kansas City 64 201 40 70 14 5 3 22 5 18 .348 .512
1929 Kansas City 71 256 64 92 15 9 7 33 26 40 .359 .570
1930 Kansas City 29 107 26 32 6 0 0 5 5 17 .299 .355
1933 Kansas City 7 19 5 6 0 0 1 5 2 3 .316 .474
1934 Kansas City 7 27 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 .074 .111
1935 Kansas City 2 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 .167 .167
1936 Kansas City 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 .500 .500
1937 Kansas City 16 30 4 8 2 1 0 6 2 4 .267 .400
1938 Kansas City 12 24 5 5 1 0 0 2 1 2 .208 .250
Total 17 seasons 672 2022 363 684 104 59 45 251 104 243 .338 .515

Source:[42]

These statistics can be compared to an earlier compilation by Negro leagues historian John Holway, who puts Rogan's career record in the Negro leagues at 151 wins and 65 losses, with a .348 average and 62 home runs in 2039 at bats. According to Holway's statistics, Rogan's 151 wins are first all-time among Negro league pitchers, his .699 winning percentage fifth, and his .348 average fourth among players with more than 2000 at bats. (It should be pointed out that Negro league schedules were at their longest in the 1920s, so Rogan enjoys a statistical advantage over both later and earlier pitchers.) Also according to Holway, Rogan hit .370 against white major league competition.[43]

California Winter League

Batting

Year Team G AB H 2B 3B HR BA SLG
1920/21 Los Angeles White Sox 30 106 39 3 4 5 * .368 * .613
1925/26 Philadelphia Royal Giants 30 89 30 8 0 2 .326 .494
1926/27 Philadelphia Royal Giants 23 57 17 2 0 0 .298 .333
1928/29 Cleveland Giants 28 106 43 5 1 4 .406 .585
1929/30 Philadelphia Royal Giants 19 76 28 8 0 4 .362 .632
Total 130 434 157 25 5 15 .362 .546
    * = league leader.

Pitching

Year Team W L Pct G CG IP BB SO ShO
1920/21 Los Angeles White Sox 8 8 .500 16 16 144 74 * 110 * 1 *
1925/26 Philadelphia Royal Giants 14 * 2 .875 18 * 16 * 153 * 52 * 82 * 1
1926/7 Philadelphia Royal Giants 6 2 .750 11 * 6 68 21 * 38 2 *
1928/29 Cleveland Giants 9 1 .900 12 8 92 21 68 1
1929/30 Philadelphia Royal Giants 5 1 .800 7 6 59 21 53 * 0
Total 42 14 .750 64 52 516 189 351 5
    * = league leader.

Rogan spent five seasons in the integrated California Winter League between 1920 and 1930 against teams of white major and minor leaguers. Rogan's team won the championship every year.[44]

Cuban (Winter) League

Year Team League W L Pct G CG
1924/25 Almendares p Cuban 9* 4 .692 18 5
   p = pennant; * - led league.

Source:[19]

Against all competition

Historian Phil Dixon puts Rogan's lifetime totals against all competition, including semipro and Army teams, at more than 350 games won, 2000 strikeouts, 2500 hits, 350 home runs, and 500 stolen bases.[45]

Notes

  1. ^ Holway 2001, pp. 472, 476.
  2. ^ Holway 1992, p. 171.
  3. ^ Bruce 1985, p. 55.
  4. ^ a b Holway 1992, p. 169.
  5. ^ a b c Lester 2006, p. 90.
  6. ^ Dixon 2002, p. 10.
  7. ^ Dixon 2002, pp. 8, 16.
  8. ^ Dixon 2002.
  9. ^ Dixon 2002, pp. 16–17.
  10. ^ Honolulu Pacific Commercial Advertiser, July 6, 1915
  11. ^ Dixon 2002, p. 19.
  12. ^ Dixon 2002, p. 21.
  13. ^ Dixon 2002, p. 24.
  14. ^ Holway 2001, p. 128; Riley 2002, p. 678.
  15. ^ Chicago Defender, November 25, 1916: "Rogan Strikes Out Eighteen and Twenty-Fifth Wins From All-Star"
  16. ^ a b c d Hogan 2006, pp. 396–97, 406–7.
  17. ^ Dixon 2002, pp. 44–45; Rock 2004, p. 11.
  18. ^ Lester 2006, pp. 42–43, 184–85.
  19. ^ a b Figueredo 2003, pp. 158–59.
  20. ^ Dixon 2002, p. 59.
  21. ^ Dixon 2002, p. 60.
  22. ^ Dixon 2002, p. 63.
  23. ^ Dixon 2002, p. 73.
  24. ^ Clark and Lester 1994, p. 160.
  25. ^ Dixon 2002, p. 155.
  26. ^ Holway 1992, pp. 182–83; Dixon 2002, pp. 156–57.
  27. ^ Dixon 2002, pp. 160–61, 163–64.
  28. ^ Dixon 2002, pp. 185–86.
  29. ^ Lester 2001, p. 92.
  30. ^ Riley 2002, p. 677; Dixon 2002, p. 7.
  31. ^ Quoted in Lester 2006, p. 90.
  32. ^ Holway 1992, pp. 169, 172–73.
  33. ^ Lester 2006, p. 91.
  34. ^ Holway 1992, p. 179.
  35. ^ Dixon 2002, pp. 69–70.
  36. ^ Holway 1992, p. 180.
  37. ^ Dixon 2002, p. 71.
  38. ^ Dixon 2002, pp. 44, 104.
  39. ^ Holway 1992, p. 184.
  40. ^ Hogan 2006, pp. 380–81.
  41. ^ Hogan 2006, pp. 406–09.
  42. ^ Hogan 2006, pp. 396–97.
  43. ^ Holway 2001, pp. 472–77.
  44. ^ McNeil 2002, pp. 260, 269.
  45. ^ Dixon 2002, p. 212.

References

  • Bruce, Janet (1985). The Kansas City Monarchs: champions of Black baseball. Kansas City: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-700602-73-9. 
  • Clark, Dick, and Larry Lester (1994). The Negro Leagues Book. Cleveland: Society for American Baseball Research. ISBN 0-910137-55-2. 
  • Dixon, Phil S. (2002). The Monarchs 1920–1938. Sioux Falls: Mariah Press. ISBN 1-893250-08-3. 
  • Figueredo, Jorge S. (2003). Cuban Baseball: A Statistical History, 1878–1961. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1250-X. 
  • Hogan, Lawrence D. (2006). Shades of Glory: The Negro Leagues and the Story of African-American Baseball. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic. ISBN 0-7922-5306-X. 
  • Holway, John (1992). Blackball Stars: Negro League Pioneers. New York: Carroll & Graf. ISBN 0-88184-764-X. 
  • Holway, John (2001). The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues. Fern Park: Hastings House. ISBN 0-8038-2007-0. 
  • Lester, Larry (2001). Black Baseball's National Showcase: The East-West All-Star Game, 1933–1953. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-8000-9. 
  • Lester, Larry (2006). Baseball's First Colored World Series: The 1924 Meeting of the Hilldale Giants and Kansas City Monarchs. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-2617-9. 
  • McNeil, William F. (2002). The California Winter League. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1301-8. 
  • Riley, James A. (2002). The Biographical Encyclopedia of the Negro Baseball Leagues. New York: Carroll & Graf. ISBN 0-7867-0959-6. 
  • Rock, Patrick (2004). 1923 Negro National League Yearbook. Ohiopyle: Replay Publishing. No ISBN. 

External links

v · d · eBaseball Hall of Fame Class of 1998
BBWAA Vote
Don Sutton (81.6%)
Veterans Committee
George Davis • Larry Doby • Lee MacPhail • Bullet Rogan
J. G. Taylor Spink Award
Sam Lacy
Ford C. Frick Award
v · d · ePitchers inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame
Alexander • Bender • Blyleven • M. Brown • R. Brown • Bunning • Carlton • Chesbro • Clarkson • Cooper • Coveleski • Cummings • Day • Dean • Dihigo • Drysdale • Eckersley • Faber • Feller • Fingers • Ford • B. Foster • R. Foster • Galvin • Gibson • Gomez • Gossage • Grimes • Grove • Haines • Hoyt • Hubbell • Hunter • Jenkins • Johnson • Joss • Keefe • Koufax • Lemon • Lyons • Marichal • Marquard • Mathewson • McGinnity • Méndez • Newhouser • Nichols • Niekro • Paige • Palmer • Pennock • Perry • Plank • Radbourn • Rixey • Roberts • Rogan • Ruffing • Rusie • Ryan • Seaver • Smith • Spahn • Sutter • Sutton • Vance • Waddell • Walsh • Welch • Wilhelm • Williams • Willis • Wynn • Young

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