Papillary muscle

Papillary muscle
Papillary muscle
Papillary muscles.png
Interior of right side of heart. Papillary muscles labeled in purple.
Gray1218.png
Diagram showing relations of opened heart to front of thoracic wall.

Ant. Anterior segment of tricuspid valve.
A O. Aorta.
A.P. Anterior papillary muscle.
In. Brachiocephalic artery (Innominate).
L.C.C. Left common carotid artery.
L.S. Left subclavian artery.
L.V. Left ventricle.
P.A. Pulmonary artery.
R.A. Right atrium.
R.V. Right ventricle.
V.S. Ventricular septum.
Latin musculus papillaris
Gray's subject #138 532

In anatomy, the papillary muscles are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves (a.k.a. the mitral and tricuspid valves) via the chordae tendinae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves.[1][2]

Contents

Action

There are five total papillary muscles in the heart, three in the right ventricle and two in the left. The anterior, posterior, and septal papillary muscles of the right ventricle each attach via chordae tendineae to the tricuspid valve. The anterior and posterior papillary muscles of the left ventricle attach via chordae tendineae to the mitral valve.[3]

The papillary muscles of both the right[1] and the left[2] ventricles begin to contract shortly before ventricular systole and maintain tension throughout. This prevents regurgitation--backward flow of ventricular blood into the atrial cavities--by bracing the atrioventricular valves against prolapse--being forced back into the atria by the high pressure in the ventricles.[1]

Rupture

Papillary muscle rupture, as can be caused by a heart infarct, and dysfunction, as can be caused by ischemia, can both lead to the complication of mitral valve prolapse.[4]

Additional images

  • Section of the heart showing the ventricular septum.

  • Schematic representation of the atrioventricular bundle of His.

  • Heart normal short axis echo

  • Heart short axis view papillary

  • Papillary muscles and chordae tendinae

  • Papillary muscles and chordae tendinae

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Moore, K.L., & Agur, A.M. (2007). Essential Clinical Anatomy: Third Edition. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 92. ISBN 978-0-7817-6274-8
  2. ^ a b Moore, K.L., & Agur, A.M. (2007). Essential Clinical Anatomy: Third Edition. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 94. ISBN 978-0-7817-6274-8
  3. ^ Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy, plates 216B and 217A
  4. ^ Page 40 in:Elizabeth D Agabegi; Agabegi, Steven S. (2008). Step-Up to Medicine (Step-Up Series). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-7153-6. 

External links

v · d · eAnatomy of torso, cardiovascular system: heart (TA A12.1, TH H3.09.01, GA 5.524)
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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Papillary muscle — Small muscles within the heart that anchor the heart valves. The anchor ropes are the chordae tendineae, thread like bands of fibrous tissue that attach on one end to the edges of the tricuspid and mitral valves of the heart and on the other end… …   Medical dictionary

  • papillary muscle of conus arteriosus — a septal papillary muscle arising near the septal end of the supraventricular crest and attached to the anterior and septal cusps of the tricuspid valve …   Medical dictionary

  • papillary muscle — noun any of several muscles associated with the atrioventricular valves the papillary muscles contract during systole to prevent regurgitation of blood into the atria • Hypernyms: ↑cardiac muscle, ↑heart muscle • Part Holonyms: ↑atrioventricular… …   Useful english dictionary

  • papillary muscle — Anat. one of the small bundles of muscles attached to the ventricle walls and to the chordae tendineae that tighten these tendons during ventricular contraction. [1885 90] * * * …   Universalium

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  • papillary muscle of left ventricle posterior — musculus papillaris posterior ventriculi sinistri …   Medical dictionary

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  • Muscle — is the tissue of the body which primarily functions as a source of power. There are three types of muscle in the body. Muscle which is responsible for moving extremities and external areas of the body is called "skeletal muscle." Heart… …   Medical dictionary

  • Muscle, papillary — Small muscles within the heart that anchor the heart valves. The anchor ropes are the chordae tendineae, thread like bands of fibrous tissue that attach on one end to the edges of the tricuspid and mitral valves of the heart and on the other end… …   Medical dictionary

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