- Mumps vaccine
-
Mumps vaccine Vaccine description Target disease Mumps Type Attenuated virus Clinical data MedlinePlus a601176 Pregnancy cat. ? Legal status ? Identifiers ATC code J07BE01 (what is this?) vaccine (verify)
Several varieties of mumps vaccine have been used since 1949, and at least 10 strains were in use in 2006:[1]
The first vaccine was a killed mumps virus vaccine developed in 1948 and used in the United States from 1950-1978. This vaccine produced little immune memory, thus had a short duration of effect. In the U.S.A. it was supplanted by Mumpsvax and then MMR.[1]
All subsequent preparations have been live virus attenuated by multiple passages through animal cells of one or more species. No human diploid cell vaccine is currently in use.
Contents
Current vaccines
- Mumpsvax is Merck's brand of Jeryl Lynn strain vaccines[2] and is the Mumps vaccine standard in the United States. The Jeryl Lynn strains have been in use since 1967, and were believed to be a single strain until 2002.
-
- RIT 4385 is a newer strain derived from the Jeryl Lynn strain.[3] It was invented by Maurice Hilleman.
- MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccine) is the most commonly used form of the vaccine, formulated in combination with vaccines for Measles and Rubella.
- Leningrad-3 strain was developed by Smrodintsev and Klyachko in guinea pig kidney cell culture and has been used since 1950 in former Soviet countries.[1] This vaccine is routinely used in Russia.
- L-Zagreb strain used in Croatia and India was derived from the Leningrad-3 strain by further passaging.[1]
- Urabe strain was introduced in Japan, and later licenced in Belgium, France and Italy. It has been associated with a higher incidence of meningitis (1/143 000 versus 1/227 000 for J-L[4]), and abandoned in several countries. It was formulated as MMR in the UK.
- Rubini strain used mainly in Switzerland was attenuated by a higher number of passes through chicken embryos, and later proved to have low potency[5]. It was introduced in 1985.[1]
Monovalent mumps vaccine (Mumpsvax) remained available in the U.S.A when MMR was introduced. in the UK the introduction of mumps vaccine was by MMR replacing the MR (measles and rubella) mixed vaccine. No UK-licenced monovalent preparation was ever available. This became the subject of considerable argument at the end of the 20th century, since some parents preferred to obtain individually the components of the MMR mixture. One single mumps vaccine preparation imported into the United Kingdom proved to be essentially ineffective[6]. Immunisation against Mumps in the UK became routine in 1988, commencing with MMR. The Aventis-Pasteur "MMR-2" brand is usual in the UK in 2006.A different monovalent Mumps vaccine is routinely used in Russia.
Storage and stability
The cold chain is a major consideration in vaccination, particularly in less-developed countries. Mumps vaccines are normally refrigerated, but have a long half-life of 65 days at 23 degrees Celsius.[1]
See also
- vaccine
- Mumps
- Mumpsvax
- Jeryl Lynn vaccine
- MMRV vaccine
References
- OMNI
- The Mumps Vaccine. (A history of the vaccine development.) WHO
- Mumps Immunization. WHO
- intute, search results for Mumps vaccine. University of Manchester, England
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d e f "Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals - The Mumps Vaccine". World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/vaccines-diseases/diseases/mumps_vaccine.shtml.
- ^ Hilleman, M.R. et al. (1968) Live attentuated mumps vaccine. N. Engl. J. Med. 278, 227
- ^ Hviid A, Rubin S, Mühlemann K (2008). "Mumps". Lancet 371 (9616): 932–44. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60419-5. PMID 18342688.
- ^ http://www.pediatriconcall.com/fordoctor/DiseasesandCondition/mmr_vaccine.asp
- ^ http://www.eurosurveillance.org/em/v03n12/0312-222.asp Eurosurveillance report on Portugal outbreak.
- ^ Pavivac ineffective. CMO's letter HSSMD33-02::as HTML Nov. 2002
Artificial induction of immunity / Immunization: Vaccines, Vaccination, and Inoculation (J07) Development List of vaccine ingredients · Adjuvants · Mathematical modelling · Timeline · Trials
Classes: Inactivated vaccine · Live vector vaccine (Attenuated vaccine, Heterologous vaccine) · Toxoid · Subunit/component / Peptide / Virus-like particle · Conjugate vaccine · DNA vaccinationAdministration Global: GAVI Alliance · Policy · Schedule · Vaccine injury
USA: ACIP · VAERS · VSD · Vaccine court · Vaccines for Children ProgramVaccines BacterialAnthrax · Brucellosis · Cholera# · Diphtheria# · Hib# · Meningococcus# (NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135, NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135 - DT, MeNZB) · Pertussis# · Plague · Pneumococcal# (PPSV, PCV) · Tetanus# · Tuberculosis (BCG)# · Typhoid# (Ty21a, ViCPS) · Typhus
combination: DTwP/DTaPViralAdenovirus · Tick-borne encephalitis · Japanese encephalitis# · Flu# (LAIV, H1N1 (Pandemrix)) · Hepatitis A# · Hepatitis B# · HPV (Gardasil, Cervarix) · Measles# · Mumps# (Mumpsvax) · Polio# (Salk, Sabin) · Rabies# · Rotavirus# · Rubella# · Smallpox (Dryvax) · Varicella zoster (chicken pox#, shingles) · Herpes simplex† · Yellow fever#
research: Cytomegalovirus · Epstein-Barr · HIV · Hepatitis C
combination: MMR · MMRVProtozoanSchistosomiasis · HookwormOtherTA-CD • TA-NIC · NicVAX · Cancer vaccines (ALVAC-CEA vaccine, Hepatitis B# · HPV (Gardasil, Cervarix))Controversy See also Categories:- Mumps
- Vaccines
- Live vaccines
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.