Cholera vaccine

Cholera vaccine

Vaccine description
Target disease	Cholera
Type	Killed/Inactivated
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	?
Identifiers
ATC code	J07AE01 J07AE02 J07AE51
N(what is this?)  vaccine (verify)

Cholera vaccine is a vaccine used against cholera.^[1]

The first vaccines against cholera were developed in the late nineteenth century. These injected whole cell vaccine became increasingly popular until they were replaced by oral vaccines starting in the 1980s. Although no longer in use, the injected cholera vaccines are effective for people living where cholera is endemic. They offer significant degrees of protection for up to two years after a single shot, and for three to four years with annual booster. They reduce the risk of death from cholera by 50% in the first year after vaccination.^[2]

There are two variants of the oral vaccine currently in use: WC-rBS and BivWC. WC-rBS (marketed as "Dukoral") is a monovalent inactivated vaccine containing killed whole cells of V. cholerae O1 plus additional recombinant cholera toxin B subunit. BivWC (marketed as "Shanchol" and "mORCVAX") is a bivalent inactivated vaccine containing killed whole cells of V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae O139. mORCVAX is only available in Vietnam. These oral vaccines provide protection in 52% of cases the first year following vaccination and in 62% of cases the second year.^[3]

Bacterial strains of both Inaba and Ogawa serotypes and of El Tor and Classical biotypes are included in the vaccine. DUKORAL is taken orally with bicarbonate buffer, which protects the antigens from the gastric acid. The vaccine acts by inducing antibodies against both the bacterial components and CTB. The antibacterial intestinal antibodies prevent the bacteria from attaching to the intestinal wall thereby impeding colonisation of V. cholerae O1. The anti-toxin intestinal antibodies prevent the cholera toxin from binding to the intestinal mucosal surface thereby preventing the toxin-mediated diarrhoeal symptoms. Dukoral also protects against traveler's diarrhea.

The cholera vaccine is largely used by backpackers and persons visiting locations where there is a high risk of cholera infection. However, since it does not provide 100% immunity from the disease food hygiene precautions should also be taken into consideration when visiting an area where there is a high risk of becoming infected with cholera. Although the protection observed has been described as "moderate", herd immunity can multiply the effectiveness of vaccination. Although the vaccine can be dangerous for children, administration of the vaccine to adults can confer protection to children indirectly.

References

1. ^ MeSH Cholera+vaccines
2. ^ Graves PM, Deeks JJ, Demicheli V, Jefferson T (2010). "Vaccines for preventing cholera: killed whole cell or other subunit vaccines (injected)". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (8): CD000974. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000974.pub2. PMID 20687062. 
3. ^ Sinclair D, Abba K, Zaman K, Qadri F, Graves PM (2011). "Oral vaccines for preventing cholera". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3): CD008603. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008603.pub2. PMID 21412922. 

This vaccine article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v · Categories: Vaccines Vaccine stubs Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу Cholera v Praze Choleretic Look at other dictionaries: Cholera — Classification and external resources Scanning electron microscope image of Vibrio cholerae ICD 10 A …   Wikipedia Vaccine — For other uses, see Vaccine (disambiguation). A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease causing microorganism, and is often made from… …   Wikipedia Choléra — Classification internationale des maladies CIM 10 : A00.0 Vibrio cholerae observé en microscopie électronique à balayage …   Wikipédia en Français Vaccine injury — Classification and external resources ICD 10 T88.1, Y58 Y59 …   Wikipedia vaccine — /vak seen / or, esp. Brit., /vak seen, sin/, n. 1. any preparation used as a preventive inoculation to confer immunity against a specific disease, usually employing an innocuous form of the disease agent, as killed or weakened bacteria or viruses …   Universalium vaccine — Originally, the live v. (vaccinia, cowpox) virus inoculated in the skin as prophylaxis against smallpox and obtained from the skin of calves inoculated with seed virus. Usage has extended the meaning to include essentially any preparation… …   Medical dictionary Vaccine controversies — James Gillray, The Cow Pock or the Wonderful Effects of the New Inoculation! (1802) A vaccine controversy is a dispute over the morality, ethics, effectiveness, or safety of vaccinations. Medical and scientific evidence surrounding vaccinations… …   Wikipedia Vaccine court — Cases before the Vaccine Court are heard in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims. Vaccine court is the popular term which refers to the Office of Special Masters of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, which administers a no fault system for litigating… …   Wikipedia cholera — choleraic /kol euh ray ik/, adj. /kol euhr euh/, n. 1. Also called Asiatic cholera. Pathol. an acute, infectious disease, endemic in India and China and occasionally epidemic elsewhere, characterized by profuse diarrhea, vomiting, cramps, etc. 2 …   Universalium Vaccine — La vaccine, communément appelée « variole de la vache », est une maladie infectieuse des bovidés (Cowpox) et des équidés (Horsepox). Le virus, semblable à celui de la variole, fournit un vaccin qui permet d immuniser l homme contre… …   Wikipédia en Français 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”