East Nusa Tenggara

East Nusa Tenggara Nusa Tenggara Timur
—  Province  —
Seal
Location of East Nusa Tenggara in Indonesia
Coordinates: 10°11′S 123°35′E / 10.183°S 123.583°E / -10.183; 123.583Coordinates: 10°11′S 123°35′E / 10.183°S 123.583°E / -10.183; 123.583
Country	Indonesia
Capital	Kupang
Government
– Governor	Frans Lebu Raya
Area
– Total	47,876 km2 (18,485 sq mi)
Population (2010)[1]
– Total	4,679,316
– Density	97.7/km2 (253.1/sq mi)
Demographics
– Ethnic groups	Atoni, or Dawan (22%), Manggarai (15%), Sumba (12%), Belu (9%), Lamaholot (8%), Rote (5%), Lio (4%)[2]
– Religion	Roman Catholicism (54.56%), Protestantism (34.32%), Islam (8.05%), Other (3.07%)[3]
– Languages	Indonesian
Time zone	CIT (UTC+8)
Website	nttprov.go.id

East Nusa Tenggara (Indonesian: Nusa Tenggara Timur) is a province of Indonesia, located in the eastern portion of the Lesser Sunda Islands, including West Timor. The provincial capital is Kupang, located on West Timor. The highest point is Mount Mutis of Timor Tengah Selatan, which is 2427 meters above sea level.^[4]

The province consists of about 566 islands, but is dominated by the three main islands of Flores, Sumba, and West Timor, the western half of the island of Timor. The eastern part of Timor is the independent country of East Timor. Other islands include Adonara, Alor, Komodo, Lembata, Menipo, Raijua, Rincah, Rote Island (the southernmost island in Indonesia), Savu, Semau, and Solor.

Administration

After the declaration of Indonesia independence in 1945, the eastern part of Indonesia declared themselves as the State of East Indonesia by the statute of Staatsblad No. 143, 1946. The state was further included in the United States of Indonesia as one of the agreement of the Dutch to transfer its sovereignty to Indonesia in 1949.

In 1950, United States of Indonesia dissolved itself into a unitary state and began to divide its region into provinces. In 1958, by the Indonesian statute of law (Undang-Undang) No. 64/1958, three provinces were established in the Lesser Sunda Islands, namely Bali, West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara provinces.^[5] According to the law, East Nusa Tenggara province includes the western part of Timor island, Flores, Sumba and other several small islands in the region. The province was further divided into twelve regencies.^[6]

Following the fall of Suharto regime in 1998, several regional governments expanded its administrative divisions under the new regional autonomy policy. East Nusa Tenggara province observed several expansions in its administration. In 1999, the new Lembata Regency was formed after splitting East Flores Regency.^[7] In 2002, Rote Island was split from Kupang Regency, forming the new Rote Ndao Regency.^[8] The following year, Manggarai Regency was split into two and a new West Manggarai Regency established.^[9] In 2007, the administration of East Nusa Tenggara province was expanded more by the establishment of new four regencies. Therefore, as of 2007, there were nineteen regencies and only one autonomous city (Kupang) in the province; a further regency - Savu Raijua (comprising the Savu Islands group) - was later established.

Closer look to the islands of East Nusa Tenggara

Name	Capital	Est.	Statute	Area (km²)	Population 2008 estimate[10]	Population 2010 Census
West Sumba Regency (Sumba Barat)	Waikabubak	1958	UU 69/1958	737.42	106,524	111,023
East Sumba Regency (Sumba Timur)	Waingapu	1958	UU 69/1958	7,000.50	228,351	227,835
Central Sumba Regency (Sumba Tengah)	Waibakul	2007	UU 3/2007	1,869.18	60,173	62,510
Southwest Sumba Regency (Sumba Barat Daya)	Tambolaka	2007	UU 16/2007	1,445.32	261,211	283,818
Manggarai Regency	Ruteng	1958	UU 69/1958	1,545.97	512,065	292,037
Sikka Regency	Maumere	1958	UU 69/1958	1,731.92	278,628	300,301
Ngada Regency	Bajawa	1958	UU 69/1958	1,620.92	133,406	142,254
Ende Regency	Ende	1958	UU 69/1958	2,046.62	238,127	260,428
East Flores Regency	Larantuka	1958	UU 69/1958	1,812.85	234,076	232,312
Kupang Regency	Kupang	1958	UU 69/1958	5,898.18	383,896	303,998
South Central Timor Regency	Soe	1958	UU 69/1958	3,947.00	417,942	440,470
North Central Timor Regency	Kefamenanu	1958	UU 69/1958	2,669.66	213,153	229,603
Belu Regency	Atambua	1958	UU 69/1958	2,445.57	441,451	352,400
Alor Regency	Kalabahi	1958	UU 69/1958	2,864.60	180,487	190,253
Lembata Regency	Lewoleba	1999	UU 52/1999	1,226.38	106,312	117,638
Rote Ndao Regency	Baa	2002	UU 9/2002	1,280.00	114,236	119,711
West Manggarai Regency	Labuan Bajo	2003	UU 8/2003	2,947.50	206,367	221,430
Nagekeo Regency	Mbay	2007	UU 2/2007	1,416.96	124,992	129,956
East Manggarai Regency	Borong	2007	UU 36/2007	2,502.24	included with Manggarai	252,754
Sabu Raijua Regency	West Sabu	2010				73,000
Kupang City				160.34	292,922	335,585

Demographics

The population of the province was estimated to be 4,534,319 in 2008.^[10] The religious mix is atypical of Indonesia, with 91% Christian (majority Catholic, large Protestant population), 8% Muslim, 0.6% Hindu or Buddhist, and 0.4% holding traditional beliefs. East Nusa Tenggara has become a refuge for Indonesian Christians fleeing from conflict in Maluku and Irian Jaya^{[citation needed]}.

The secondary school enrolment rate of 39% is dramatically below the Indonesian average (80.49% in 2003/04, according to UNESCO). Lack of clean drinking water, sanitation, and health facilities mean that child malnutrition (32%) and child mortality (71 per 1000) are higher than in most of the rest of Indonesia.

Economy

By several economic indicators, the province's economy is weaker than the Indonesian average, with high inflation (15%), unemployment (30%) and interest rates (22-24%).

Tourism

The provincial government aims to promote the tourist sector in the province. The basic infrastructure to support the tourist sector (such as transport facilities, accommodation, and adequate and reliable information) needs to be strengthened but several main features of the tourist sector in the province with potential include:

• Komodo Island with the well-known Komodo dragon
• Kelimutu volcano on Flores which contains three striking crater lakes of varying colours.

References

1. ^ Central Bureau of Statistics: Census 2010, retrieved 17 January 2011 (Indonesian)
2. ^ Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2003 
3. ^ 2008 estimate
4. ^ "The Meto People on Mutis Mountain". Travel Destination Indonesia. http://www.balizones.com/travel_destination/nusa_tengara/meto_people.php. Retrieved 3 July 2010. 
5. ^ Government of Indonesia (11 August 1958), Establishment of the First-level Administrative Regions of Bali, West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara (in Indonesian ed.), Indonesia Ministry of Law and Justice, UU No. 64/1958, http://www.djpp.depkumham.go.id/incl-php/buka.php?d=1900+58&f=uu64-1958.htm, retrieved 2007-08-24 ^{[dead link]}
6. ^ Government of Indonesia (9 August 1958), Establishment of the Second-level Administrative Regions under the First-level Administrative Region of Bali, West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara (in Indonesian ed.), Indonesia Ministry of Law and Justice, UU No. 69/1958, http://www.djpp.depkumham.go.id/incl-php/buka.php?d=1900+58&f=uu69-1958.htm, retrieved 2007-08-24 ^{[dead link]}
7. ^ Government of Indonesia (4 October 1999), Establishment of Lembata Regency in the East Nusa Tenggara province (in Indonesian ed.), Indonesia Ministry of Law and Justice, UU No. 52/1999, http://www.djpp.depkumham.go.id/incl-php/buka.php?d=1900+99&f=uu52-1999.htm, retrieved 2007-08-24 ^{[dead link]}
8. ^ Government of Indonesia (10 April 2002), Establishment of Rote-Ndao Regency in the East Nusa Tenggara province (in Indonesian ed.), Indonesia Ministry of Law and Justice, UU No. 9/2002, http://www.djpp.depkumham.go.id/incl-php/buka.php?d=2000+2&f=uu9-2002.pdf, retrieved 2007-08-24 ^{[dead link]}
9. ^ Government of Indonesia (25 February 2003), Establishment of West Manggarai Regency in the East Nusa Tenggara province (in Indonesian ed.), Indonesia Ministry of Law and Justice, UU No. 8/2003, http://www.djpp.depkumham.go.id/incl-php/buka.php?d=2000+3&f=uu8-2003.pdf, retrieved 2007-08-24 ^{[dead link]}
10. ^ ^{a b} http://ntt.bps.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46&Itemid=8

External links

• East Nusa Tenggara travel guide from Wikitravel
• Official site of the NTT Tourist Office