Adonara

Infobox Islands
name = Adonara

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image caption = Adonara, viewed from the Space Shuttle, 1983. The eruption plume from stratovolcano Ili Boleng is visible.
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location = Lesser Sunda Islands
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archipelago = Solor Archipelago
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highest mount = m to ft|1659|abbr=yes
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country = Indonesia
country admin divisions title = Province
country admin divisions = East Nusa Tenggara
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Adonara is an island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, located east of the larger island of Flores in the Solor Archipelago. To the west lies Lomblen. It is the highest of the islands of the archipelago, at 1659 m, and has an area of 497 km².cite book |last=Monk |first=K.A. |coauthors=Fretes, Y., Reksodiharjo-Lilley, G. |title=The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku |publisher=Periplus Editions Ltd. |date=1996 |page=page 8|location=Hong Kong |id=ISBN 962-593-076-0] It is in the East Nusa Tenggara province.

History

Local history on Adonara is documented from the sixteenth century, when Portuguese traders and missionaries established a post on the nearby Island of Solor. By that time Adonara and the surrounding islands were ritually divided between a population of coastal dwellers known as Paji, and a population mainly settling the mountainous inland called Demon. The Paji were susceptible to Islam, while the Demon tended to fall under Portuguese influence. The Paji areas on Adonara contained three principalities, namely Adonara proper (centered on the north coast of the island), and Terong and Lamahala (on the south coast). Together with two principalities on Solor, Lohayong and Lamakera, they constituted a league called Wetan Lema ("the five shores"). The Wetan Lema allied with the Dutch East India Company(VOC) in 1613, confirmed in 1646. The Adonara principalities had frequent feuds with the Portuguese in Larantuka on Flores, and were not always obedient to the Dutch authorities.In the course of the nineteenth century, the ruler of Adonara (proper) in the north strengthened his position in the Solor Archipelago; by then, he was also the overlord of parts of eastern Flores and Lembata. The Demon areas stood under the suzerainty of the principality of Larantuka, which in turn was under Portuguese rule until 1859, when it was ceded to the Netherlands. The principalities of Larantuka and Adonara (proper) were abolished by the Indonesian government in 1962. Some post-independence local officials trace their roots to past rulers, called "raja", of Adonara (proper). These include:

*Foramma, c. 1650
*Boli I, c. 1674-1684
*Eke 1684-1688 (killed by mountain people)
*Gogok, c. 1702
*Wuring (brother of Eke), 1688-1719
*Boli II (son of Wuring), 1719-after 1756
*unknown rulers
*Lakabella Jo, c. 1832
*Begu, d. July 28 1850 (killed)
*Pela(ng) (son of Begu), 1850-1857
*Jou (brother of Pela), 1857-1868
*Kamba Begu (brother of Lakabella), 1868-1893
*Bapa Tuan (son of Kamba Begu), temporary Raja in 1893 for 6 months
*Arkiang Kamba (Arakang; brother of Bapa Tuan, b. 1866), 1893 or 1894 - abdicated December 18 1930
*Bapa Ana (son of a sister of Kamba Begu), Regent with the title of Kapitan 1930 - December 1 1935, condemned to life imprisonment 1935 and sent to Kupang
*Bapa Nuhur, (son of Gela, b. 1915), 1941-1947
*Bapa Kaya, (son of Bapa Ana, d. 12/1/1954), Regent 1947-1951
*Mohamad Eke (great-grandson of Raja Jo, 1929 - c. 1985), 1951-1962, first referred as Government Asst during Bapa Kaya's rule and also Kapitan of Adonara

References

P. Arndt (1938), 'Demon und Padzi, die feindlichen Brüder des Solor-Archipelags', "Anthropos" 33.
Robert H. Barnes (1995), 'Lamakera, Solor: Ethnohistory of a Muslim Whaling Village of Eastern Indonesia', "Anthropos" 90.
Benno M. Biermann (1924), 'Die alte Dominikanermission auf den Solorinseln', "Zeitschrift für Missionswissenschaft" 14.
Arend de Roever (2002), "De jacht op sandelhout: De VOC en de tweedeling van Timor in de zeventiende eeuw". Zutphen: Walburg Pers.

External links

* [http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/images/Adonara_Island_Indones_image.html Satellite photo of Adonara] — at Windows to the Universe, showing Adonara's volcanoes