Special Region of Yogyakarta

This article is about the Special Region of Yogyakarta. For the city of Yogyakarta, see Yogyakarta (city). For the Indonesian sultanate, see Yogyakarta Sultanate.

Special Region of Yogyakarta Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
—  Province  —
Flag Seal
Motto: Memayu Hayuning Bawono (Javanese) (The Vision to Perfect Society) written in Javanese script
Location of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia
Coordinates: 7°47′S 110°22′E / 7.783°S 110.367°E / -7.783; 110.367Coordinates: 7°47′S 110°22′E / 7.783°S 110.367°E / -7.783; 110.367
Country	Indonesia
Capital	Yogyakarta
Government
- Governor	Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X
Area
- Total	3,133.15 km2 (1,209.7 sq mi)
Population (2010 Census)
- Total	3,452,390
- Density	1,101.9/km2 (2,853.9/sq mi)
Demographics
- Ethnic groups	Javanese (99%), Sundanese (1%) [1]
- Religion	Islam (91.4%), Christianity (8.3%), Hinduism and Buddhism (0.3%)[2]
- Languages	Indonesian (official), Javanese
Time zone	WIB (UTC+7)
Website	www.pemda-diy.go.id

The Special Region of Yogyakarta (English: /ˌjɒɡjəˈkɑrtə/ or /ˌjoʊɡjəˈkɑrtə/;^[3] Indonesian: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, or DIY), on the island of Java is the smallest province of Indonesia (excluding the capital Jakarta). Yogyakarta is the only province in Indonesia that is still governed by a pre-colonial monarchy, the Sultan of Yogyakarta, who serves as the hereditary governor of the province. The city of Yogyakarta is the capital of the province. In Javanese it is pronounced [joɡjaˈkartɔ], and named after the city of Ayodhya in Javanese-Hindu mythology.

History

See also: Yogyakarta Sultanate and List of Governors of Yogyakarta

Yogyakarta sultanate palace

The Yogyakarta Sultanate was formed in 1755 by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) through the Treaty of Giyanti. The treaty divided the Sultanate of Mataram into the Sultanate of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat with Yogyakarta as the capital and the Sultanate of Surakarta Hadiningrat with Surakarta (now commonly known as Solo) as the capital. The Sultan Hamengkubuwono I spent the next 37 years building the new capital of Yogyakarta, with the Kraton as the centerpiece and the court at Surakarta as the blueprint model. By the time he died in 1792, his territory exceeded Surakarta's. In September 1945, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX and Sri Paku Alam VIII, both of Yogyakarta, declared their sultanates part of the Republic of Indonesia following the Republic’s declaration of independence at the end of World War II. When the Dutch reoccupied Jakarta during the ensuing struggle to secure independence, the capital of the Republic was moved to Yogyakarta from January 1946 to August 1950. In return for this support, the declaration of Special Authority over Yogyakarta was granted in full in 1950 and the region became its own province within the province of Central Java.

The province was struck by a 6.3-magnitude earthquake on 27 May 2006. It killed 5,782 people and injured approximately 36,000. 600,000 people were left homeless.^[4] The region of Bantul suffered the most damage and deaths.

Geography

The province is located near the southern coast of Java, wholly within the province of Central Java. The population in 2003 was estimated at 3,000,000. It has an area of 3,185.80 km², making it the second-smallest area of the provinces in Indonesia, after the Jakarta Capital Region. Along with surrounding areas in Central Java, it has some of the highest population densities of Java.

Mount Merapi is located to the immediate north of the city of Yogyakarta and Sleman Regency. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548. It last erupted in October–November 2010, killing and injuring many people and temporarily displacing approximately 100,000 residents.^[5][6]

Administrative divisions

Yogyakarta Special Region (province-level) is subdivided into four regencies (kabupaten) and one city (kota):

Name	Capital	Area (km²)	Population 2000 Census	Population 2005 estimate	Population 2010 Census
Bantul Regency	Bantul	506.86	781,000	859,968	910,572
Gunung Kidul Regency	Wonosari	1,485.36	670,400	681,554	674,408
Kulon Progo Regency	Wates	586.30	371,000	373,757	388,755
Sleman Regency	Sleman	574.80	901,400	988,277	1,090,567
Yogyakarta City	Yogyakarta (city)	32.5	396,700	433,539	388,088
Totals		3,133	3,121,045	3,337,095	3,452,390

Located within the Yogyakarta province, the city of Yogyakarta is known as a center of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry and puppet shows. It is also one of Indonesia's most renowned centers of higher education. At the city's center is the Sultan's palace called the kraton. While the city sprawls in all directions from the kraton, the core of the modern city is to the north.

Transport

Yogyakarta is served by Adisucipto International Airport. There are two train stations: Lempuyangan and Tugu. Yogyakarta is considered one of the major hubs that links the west-east main railway route in Java island. To the south, in the Bantul region, is the Giwangan bus station, the largest bus station in Indonesia. The centre of metropolitan Yogyakarta is surrounded by a ring road.

Since 2008, the Province of Yogyakarta launched bus rapid transit system, the Trans Jogja, which connects many places in and around Yogyakarta city, including the airport and Prambanan temple.^[7]

Education

See also: List of universities in Yogyakarta

Yogyakarta is home to more than 100 institutions^[8] of higher education in Indonesia, the highest number of higher education institutions of any province in Indonesia.

The region is also the home of the first-established private university in Indonesia, the Islamic University of Indonesia, which was founded in 1945. The Indonesia Institute of Arts, the first-established university in fine arts, is also in the region.. Other large universities include University of Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa in Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta State University, University of Muhammadiyah in Yogyakarta and Atma Jaya University in Yogyakarta.

Sister relationships

Yogyakarta has signed a sister relationship agreement with city/state:

• California, United States of America.^[9]
• Ipoh, Malaysia
• Kyoto Prefecture, Japan^[10]

Tourism

• Malioboro
• Gembira Loka zoo, at November 7, 2011 achieved 1 million visitors in a year^[11]
• Water Palace, Taman sari
• Monumen "Yogya Kembali" Museum
• Yogyakarta Palace Museum
• Sonobudoyo Museum
• Merapi volcano
• Cemetery of kings in Java, Imogiri
• Kaliurang
• Parangtritis beach
• Baron beach
• Samas beach
• Prambanan Temple with Ramayana ballet show
• Kalasan temple
• Ratu Boko temple and Ratu Boko palace
• Gabusan art market Bantul
• Leather handicraft market Manding Bantul

See also

Indonesia portal

Notes

1. ^ Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2003. 
2. ^ Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia Wilayah DIY (2010-03-15). "Kementerian Agama RI | Kantor Wilayah DI Yogyakarta". Yogyakarta.kemenag.go.id. http://yogyakarta.kemenag.go.id/index.php?a=artikel&id=8. Retrieved 2011-02-07. 
3. ^ "Yogyakarta | Define Yogyakarta at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/yogyakarta. Retrieved 2011-06-05. 
4. ^ "Indonesia lowers quake death toll". CNN. 2006-06-06. Archived from the original on 2006-06-15. http://web.archive.org/web/20060615194254/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/06/05/indonesia.quake/. Retrieved 2006-06-06. 
5. ^ "Update: Indonesia Volcano Death Toll Soars Past 100; 'Many Children Dead, by Gandang Sajarw". Jakarta Globe. 2010-11-05. http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/update-indonesia-volcano-death-toll-soars-past-100-many-children-dead/405050. Retrieved 2010-11-05. 
6. ^ "Pictures: Indonesia's Mount Merapi Volcano Erupts". News.nationalgeographic.com. 2010-10-26. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/10/photogalleries/101026-indonesia-mount-merapi-volcano-eruption-world-science-pictures-photos/#/mount-merapi-volcano-eruption-indonesia-hospital_27886_600x450.jpg. Retrieved 2011-02-07. 
7. ^ "Trans Jogja Busway: Yogyakarta, Central Java". Indonesialogue.com. 2008-02-26. http://www.indonesialogue.com/planning-a-trip/trans-jogja-busway-yogyakarta-central-java.html. Retrieved 2011-02-07. 
8. ^ "List of private higher education institutions in the Province of Yogyakarta". Kopertis4.or.id. http://www.kopertis4.or.id/Pages/Direktori%20Maret%202004/ptn_pts/kopertis5.htm. Retrieved 2011-02-07. 
9. ^ "BILL NUMBER: SCR 23 CHAPTERED". Sen.ca.gov. http://www.sen.ca.gov/soir/sister/Scr23.htm. Retrieved 2011-02-07. 
10. ^ "Kyoto prefecture List of Friendly and Sister City". Pref.kyoto.jp. http://www.pref.kyoto.jp/en/01-04-02.html. Retrieved 2011-02-07. 
11. ^ "Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka Capai Target Sejuta Pengujung". November 7, 2011. http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/node/164752. 

References

• Department of Tourism, Post and Telecommunication Regional Office For Yogyakarta Special Region. (1997) Guide To Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta: Department of Tourism, Post and Telecommunication.
• Ricklefs, M.C. (2001) A history of modern Indonesia since c.1200 (3rd ed.). Stanford: Stanford University Press. pp. 126–139, 269-271. ISBN 0-8047-4480-7
• Ricklefs, M.C. (1974) Jogjakarta under Sultan Mangkubumi, 1749–1792: A history of the division of Java. London Oriental Series, vol. 30. London : Oxford University Press, (Revised Indonesian edition 2002)
• Soemanto, Bakdi (1992) Cerita Rakyat dari Yogyakarta Jakarta: Grasindo (In Indonesian)
• Soemardjan, S. (1962) Social Changes in Yogyakarta, Ithaca, N.Y. Cornell University Press.

External links

• Yogyakarta travel guide from Wikitravel
• Sochaczewski, Paul Spencer (1994-06-14). "A True Javanese Fairy Tale: The Sultan and the Mermaid". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/14/opinion/14iht-edpaul.html. Retrieved 2011-02-07.