Saint Piran's Flag

"Flag of Cornwall" redirects here. For the flag of the Canadian city of Cornwall, Ontario, see flag of Cornwall, Ontario.

Saint Piran's Flag

Cornwall

Souvenir flags outside a café

Saint Piran's Day celebrations in Penzance

Flying the flag in Portloe

Saint Piran's Flag (Cornish: Baner Peran) is the flag of Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. The earliest known description of the flag as the Standard of Cornwall was written in 1838.^[1] It is used by Cornish people as a symbol of identity.^[2] It is a white cross on a black background.

The flag is attributed to Saint Piran, a 6th century Cornish abbot. Saint Piran is supposed to have adopted these two colours from seeing the molten tin spilling out of the black ore in his fire.^{[citation needed]} This occurred during his supposed discovery of tin in Cornwall,^{[citation needed]} thus becoming the patron saint of tin miners.

Origins

There are claims that the design dates from prior to 1188 when the flag was used in the Crusades,^{[unreliable source?][3]} and an article in Encyclopædia Britannica tells that the flag was carried by the Cornish contingent at the Battle of Agincourt (1415).^{[unreliable source?][4]} However, the reference given by Encyclopædia Britannica seems to have been confused with one that comes from a 1590 poem entitled "Poly-Olbion" by Michael Drayton. It states that the banner carried by the Cornish men at Agincourt depicted two Cornish Wrestlers in a hitch.^[5]

The earliest known evidence of this flag was recorded by Davies Gilbert in his 1838 work: 'The Parochial History of Cornwall', where he gives reference to..

"a white cross on a black ground [that] was formerly the banner of St Perran and the Standard of Cornwall; probably with some allusion to the black ore and the white metal of tin"^[1][2]

The fact that Gilbert identifies it as being 'formerly' a Standard of Cornwall implies that he believed it to have been used before 1838.^[1] However, Gilbert did not leave a record of his background research, and referred only to his "recollection".^[2]

One of the oldest depictions of the flag can be seen in a stained glass window at Westminster Abbey. It was unveiled in 1888 in memory of the famous Cornish inventor and engineer Richard Trevithick. The window depicts St Michael at the top and nine Cornish saints, Piran, Petroc, Pinnock,[1] Germanus, Julian, Cyriacus, Constantine, Nonna and Geraint in tiers below. The head of St Piran appears to be a portrait of Trevithick himself and the figure carries the banner of Cornwall.^[6]

Clues to its origin

• 

  The Standard of the Army of the Breton Duchy.

• 

  The Welsh Flag of Saint David

Saint Piran's flag has similarities to the old Breton flag and the Flag of Saint David. The cultural links between Brittany, Wales and Cornwall are well recorded. Saint Piran's Flag is the negative image of the old Breton Flag, a black cross on a white field. The Flag of Saint David shares a black background with Saint Piran's Flag, but is surmounted by a gold, rather than a white, cross.

It has also been suggested that it may have been based on the arms of the Earl of Cornwall, or the later Duchy of Cornwall; based on the arms of other Cornish families; or be linked with the black and white livery of the Knights of St John.^[2]

The flag is commonly understood to represent the white tin metal against the black tin ore; symbolically, however, the flag is said to represent the light of truth shining through the blackness/darkness of evil.^{[citation needed]} Another theory of the black and white colours is that the white cross represents the igneous/metamorphic rocks of colour such as granite and schists mainly found in the southwest of Cornwall, while the black background represents the weathered Devonian slate and Carboniferous sandstone, both of which are mainly black-greyish in appearance, of the northern part of Cornwall.^{[citation needed]}

French and Breton family arms

The arms of the Saint-Peran family in Brittany, show a white cross pattee on a black field.

• 

  Arms of Geoffroy le Borgne
• 

  Arms of the Arnèke family
• 

  Arms of Rouvroy de Saint-Simon
• 

  Blason de la famille de Saint-Pezran^[7]

Several other French and Breton families also had coats of arms that bear a striking resemblance to the St Piran's flag:

• Saint Peran or Saint Pezran (= Piran) of Brittany (from Glomel, in Cornouaille), is described as "sable a cross patée argent".

• Geoffroy le Borgne of Brittany is described as "de sable à croix d'argent".^[8]

• Rossillon de Gex, Coat of Arms described: De sable à la croix d'argent.

• Brunet, de la Besse, Coat of Arms described: D'azur, à la croix d'argent.^[9]

• Arnèke Family Coat of Arms.^[10]

• Rouvroy de Saint-Simon of Picardy, described: De sable à la croix d'argent chargée de cinq coquilles.^[11]

Usage

The flag is now widely displayed on cars and from buildings including those of Cornwall Council.^[12] It is flown at most Cornish gatherings such as the Gorseth Kernow, St Piran's Day (5 March), Camborne's Trevithick Day (April), Padstow's 'Obby 'Oss festival (May), Helston's Flora Day (May), and at Cornish rugby matches. It is regularly seen around Cornwall on car stickers with the word 'Kernow' (Cornish for Cornwall), and is used around the world as a symbol of the Cornish diaspora or overseas Cornish associations. It has been adapted for use in the logos of a number of organisations, such as the Cornwall district of the Methodist Church, is used by a variety of Cornish businesses such as Ginsters, and is seen on the design of the Cornish All Blacks rugby shirt as well as Cornish Pirates rugby logo.^[12]

Gallery

• 

  Cornish Pirates RFC logo showing the Saint Piran's Flag

• 

  Ginsters current company logo showing the Saint Piran's Flag

• 

  The unofficial 'Cornish ensign' is another flag that is sometimes used to represent the regional identity of Cornwall.^[13]

See also

• List of Cornish flags
• The Flag of the Duchy of Brittany
• List of topics related to Cornwall
• St Piran's Day

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} 'The Parochial History of Cornwall', by Davies Gilbert. (1838) Vol III, p. 332
2. ^ ^{a b c d} Phil Rendle, Cornwall - The Mysteries of St Piran, The Flag Institute
3. ^ Celtic League flags
4. ^ Cornish flag
5. ^ Poly-Olbion by Michael Drayton
6. ^ Westminster Abbey
7. ^ Guide des drapeaux bretons et celtes (English: Guide of Breton and Celtic flags) by Divi Kervella and Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez, published by Yoran Embanner (in French), (2008) ISBN 978-2-916579-12-2
8. ^ http://www.briantimms.com/vermandois/bretons.htm
9. ^ visu_armes_p
10. ^ La page du généalogiste fou ... L'héraldique
11. ^ rouvroy
12. ^ ^{a b} How far has the “Cornish Revival” affected modern Cornwall?
13. ^ Flags of the World

External links

• Flags of the World - Speculations of the origins of this flag.
• The Flag Institute