Portal:Peru

Wikipedia portals: Culture Geography Health History Mathematics Natural sciences People Philosophy Religion Society Technology edit   THE PERU PORTAL Shortcuts: P:PERU P:PER Peru is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peruvian territory was home to the Norte Chico civilization, one of the oldest in the world, and to the Inca Empire, the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the country in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty, which included most of its South American colonies. After achieving independence in 1821, Peru has undergone periods of political unrest and fiscal crisis as well as periods of stability and economic upswing. Peru is a presidential representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions. Its geography varies from the arid plains of the Pacific coast to the peaks of the Andes mountains and the tropical forests of the Amazon Basin. It is a developing country with a medium Human Development Index score and a poverty level around 40%. Its main economic activities include agriculture, fishing, mining, and manufacturing of products such as textiles. The Peruvian population, estimated at 28 million, is multiethnic, including Amerindians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechua or other native languages. More about Peru ... Show new selections edit   Selected article The Communist Party of Peru (Spanish: Partido Comunista del Perú), more commonly known as the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso), is a Maoist guerrilla organization in Peru that launched the internal conflict in Peru in 1980. Its more familiar name originates from a maxim of José Carlos Mariátegui, founder of the original Peruvian Communist Party in the 1920s: "El Marxismo-Leninismo abrirá el sendero luminoso hacia la revolución" (“Marxism-Leninism will open the shining path to revolution”). The followers of the group are generally called senderistas. Shining Path's stated goal is to replace Peruvian bourgeois institutions with a communist peasant revolutionary regime, presumably passing first through the Maoist developmental stage of New Democracy. They claimed to understand the reality of the Peruvian society. The Inca society, which was destroyed by the Spanish conquistadors, was, according to Mariátegui, a kind of primitive communist society. The senderistas hoped that the future would combine revolutionary Marxism with the society of the Incas. "A new path of arms" was expected to lead Peru towards a transformed society that served its people. Since the capture of its leader Abimael Guzmán in 1992, it has only been sporadically active. Shining Path's ideology and tactics have been influential on other Maoist insurgent groups, notably the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and other Revolutionary Internationalist Movement-affiliated organizations. (more...) More selected articles... edit   Selected picture Photo credit: And2000 The Palace of Justice (Spanish: Palacio de Justicia) is the seat of the Supreme Court of Peru. It is located in the Lima District of the city of Lima, capital of Peru. Construction started during the second government of Augusto B. Leguía (1919–1930) and finished under the presidency of Óscar R. Benavides, who inaugurated the building in 1938. The Palace was built in a neoclassical style as its plans were based on those of the Law Courts of Brussels, Belgium. However, it lacks the dome of its Belgian counterpart and it is much smaller. (more...) More selected pictures... edit   Selected battle The Battle of Arica, also known as Assault and capture of Arica Cape, is a belic action of the War of the Pacific. It was fought on June 7, 1880, between forces of Chile and Peru. After the Battle of Tacna, and the following Bolivian retirement of the war, Peru had to stand alone for the rest of the conflict. The need of a port near to the location of the army, in order to supply and reinforce the troops and the evacuation of the wounded, made the Chilean command to put it's attention on the remaining Peruvian stronghold in the Tacna Department. Thus, a fraction of the Chilean army, led by Colonel Pedro Lagos, launched a simultaneous assault from both sides, taking the defenses on a bayonet charge, and captured the Morro de Arica (English: Arica Cape) from the defending Peruvian troops under the command of Colonel Francisco Bolognesi in a last attack up the hill. In this fight the Peruvian Commander died along with several officers and more than 1.000 men. (more...) More selected battles... edit   In this month November  3, 1991 - The Barrios Altos massacre took place in the Barrios Altos neighborhood of Lima. November 16, 1532 - During the Spanish conquest of Peru, a group of Spaniards led by Francisco Pizarro captured the Inca Emperor Atahualpa at the Battle of Cajamarca. November 18, 1780 - The Battle of Sangarará was fought during the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire between rebel forces under Túpac Amaru II and Spanish colonial forces. November 20, 2002 - Decentralization through the Regions of Peru was put into effect by elections for their regional governments. November 25, 1975 - Operation Condor (Spanish: Operación Cóndor) a campaign of political repressions involving assassination and intelligence operations was implemented. More anniversaries... edit   Peru news August 2 Peru government to ration energy in north. Reuters August 1 Peru to beef up state energy companies -minister. Reuters July 28 Ollanta Humala is sworn in as new Peru president. BBC July 28 Pisco sours and ceviche for Peruvian Independence Day. CNN July 26 Peru renews $5 bln shelf registration for new govt. Reuters Wikinews Peru portal Archive edit   Did you know... ...that Inca architecture (wall pictured) is widely known for its fine masonry, which features precisely cut and shaped stones? ...that after its defeat in the War of the Pacific the Peruvian Army was rebuilt under the guidance of a French Military Mission? ...that the nuevo sol, the currency of Peru, was introduced in July 1991 at a rate of one per one million intis? ...that in 1996 the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement stormed the residence of the Japanese ambassador in Lima, starting a hostage crisis? ...that UBIGEO is a coding system used by the Peruvian National Statistics Institute to identify national administrative subdivisions? Recent additions... More... edit   Categories Peru Culture • Architecture • Art • Cinema • Literature • Music • Cuisine • Dances • Media • National symbols • Sport Economy • Agriculture • Energy • Mining • Tourism • Companies • Currencies • Trade unions Geography • Geology • Landforms • Natural disasters • Populated places • Protected areas • Subdivisions Government • Foreign relations • Political office-holders History • Andean • Inca • Colonial • Military • Disasters • Elections • Massacres • Historians • Revolutionaries Politics • Elections • Political parties • Politicians Society • Crime • Demographics • Ethnic groups • Languages • Religion edit   Things you can do Assess and prioritise articles (log) Check for copyvios at Special:Contributions/Priscilla D, tag as {{Db-copyvio}} where appropriate Create: Expand: new articles; top importance articles FAC / FLC: GAN: Merge requests: Amazonas before the Inca Empire, Chachapoyas culture Review: Shining Path, Universitario de Deportes Translate: National University of San Marcos Work on Lima, the current article improvement drive Wikify: articles needing attention edit   Basic facts & figures National Symbol Capital Currency President Time zone National Anthem Language Population census Symbols of Peru City of Lima Nuevo Sol Ollanta Humala Peru Time Somos libres Spanish 28,220,764 edit   Peru Topics History: Ancient civilizations • Inca Empire • Spanish conquest • Viceroyalty • War of independence • War of the Pacific • Demographic • Economic • More... Politics: Constitution • Law • Human rights • Foreign relations • Military • Electoral system • Political parties • More... Geography: Regions • Cities • Lima • Earthquakes • Mountains • Rivers • Flora • National parks • More... Economy: Currency • Central Bank • Stock Exchange • Communications • Transport • Tourism • Companies • Electricity • Water supply and sanitation • More... Culture: Architecture • Art • Cinema • Dances • Cuisine • Education • Languages • Literature • Media • Music • Public holidays • Religion • Sport • More... Other: Chifa • Guinea pig • Inca Kola • Llama • Machu Picchu • People • More... 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