- Peruvian art
-
Culture of
PeruArchitecture
Art
Cinema
Cuisine
Dances
Literature
Music
Poetry
TelevisionPeruvian art has its origin in the Andean civilizations. These civilizations rose in the territory of modern Peru before the arrival of the Spanish.
Contents
Pre-Columbian art
A detail of the Raimondi Stela. This stela was found out of its original placement at the ceremonial complex, Chavín de Huantar. It was cited by Pablo Picasso as an inspiration for his art.Peru's earliest artwork came from the Cupisnique culture, which was concentrated on the Pacific coast, and the Chavín culture, which was largely north of Lima between the Andean mountain ranges of the Cordillera Negra and the Cordillera Blanca. Decorative work from this era, approximately the 9th century BCE, was symbolic and religious in nature. The artists worked with gold, silver and ceramics to create a variety of sculpture and relief carvings. These civilizations were also known for their architecture and stone sculpture.
Between the 8th century BCE and the first century CE, the Paracas Cavernas and Paracas Necropolis cultures developed on the south coast of Peru. Paracas Cavernas produced complex polychrome and monochrome ceramics with religious representations. Burials from the Paracas Necropolis also yielded complex textiles, many produced with sophisticated geometric patterns.
The third century BCE saw the flowering of the urban culture, Moche, in the Lambayeque region. The Mochica culture produced impressive architectural works, such as the Huacas del Sol y de la Luna and the Huaca Rajada of Sipan. They were expert at cultivation in terraces and hydraulic engineering and produced original ceramics, textiles, pictorial and sculptural works.
Another urban culture, the Wari civilization, flourished between the 8th and 12th centuries in Ayacucho. Their centralized town planning was extended to other areas, such as Pachacamac, Cajamarquilla and Wari Willca.
Between the 9th and 13th centuries CE, the military urban Tiwanaku empire rose by the borders of Lake Titicaca. Centered around a city of the same name in modern-day Bolivia, the Tiwanaku introduced stone architecture and sculpture of a monumental type. These works of architecture and art were made possible by the Tiwanaku's developing bronze, which enabled them to make the necessary tools.
Urban architecture reached a new height between the 14th and 15th centuries in the Chimú Culture. The Chimú built the city of Chan Chan in the valley of the Moche river, in La Libertad. The Chimú were skilled goldsmiths and created remarkable works of hydraulic engineering.[citation needed]
The Inca Civilization, which united Peru under its hegemony in the centuries immediately preceding the Spanish conquest, incorporated into their own works a great part of the cultural legacy of the civilizations which preceded it. Important relics of their artwork and architecture can be seen in cities like Cusco, architectural remains like Sacsahuaman and Machu Picchu and stone pavements that united Cusco with the rest of the Inca Empire.
Colonial art
Peruvian sculpture and painting began to define themselves from the ateliers founded by monks, who were strongly influenced by the Sevillian Baroque School. In this context, the stalls of the Cathedral choir, the fountain of the Main Square[1] of Lima and a great part of the colonial production were registered. The first center of art established by the Spanish was the Cuzco School that taught Quechua artists European painting styles. Diego Quispe Tito (1611-1681) was one of the first members of the Cuzco school and Marcos Zapata (1710-1773) was one of the last.
Painting of this time reflected a synthesis of European and indigenous influences, as is evident in the portrait of prisoner Atahualpa, by D. de Mora or in the canvases of the Italians Mateo Pérez de Alesio and Angelino Medoro, the Spaniards Francisco Bejarano and J. de Illescas and the Creole J. Rodriguez.
During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Baroque Style also dominated the field of plastic arts.
19th century
In the 19th century, French neoclassic and romantic currents found their best representatives in L. Montero, Ignacio Merino and Francisco Masias.
Modern and contemporary
Indigenous movement
The establishment of the Fine Arts School of Lima (1919) had a decisive influence on Peruvian sculpture and painting.
In sculpture, some of the most remarkable artists include Luis Agurto, L. Valdettaro, Joaquin Roca Rey, J. Piqueras, Alberto Guzmán, Victor Delfín and F. Sánchez. Among the painters, Daniel Hernández, R. Grau, Cesar Quispez Asin and Jose Sabogal are particularly notable. Sabogal headed the indigenous movement, which was one of the main influences on Peruvian contemporary painting. Some of the most widely recognized painters are Fernando de Szyszlo, Alberto Davila, Armando Villegas, Sabino Springett, J. Alberto Tello Montalvo, Victor Humareda, M. A. Cuadros, Angel Chávez, Milner Cajahuaringa, Arturo Kubotta, Venancio Shinki, Alberto Quintanilla (wiki Es), G. Chávez, Tilsa Tsuchiya, David Herskowitz, Oscar Allain, Carlos Revilla and Sérvulo Gutiérrez.
Folk art
Chulucanas pottery is originates in the Piura Region. Inspired by pre-Incan ceramics, the bold, graphic pottery is now exported all over the world.[2] Designs are varied, but are predominated by black and white. There are several bigger companies but a lot of small manufactures are in Chulucanas itself and in the nearby villages of Quatro Esquinas.
The Ayacucho Region is known for its retablos, or devotional paintings. San Pedro de Cajas in Ayacucho produces collectible looms. Cusco artistans create stuffed animals and dolls. Cochas-Huancayo is known for its gourd art.
Notes
- ^ Fountain of the Main Square of Lima
- ^ "Chulucanas Potery [sic History."] Ceramica Chulucanas. (retrieved 15 Nov 2011)
See also
South American art Sovereign states Dependencies and
other territories- Aruba
- Bonaire
- Curaçao
- Falkland Islands
- French Guiana
- Categories:
- Peruvian art
- Art by nationality
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
Peruvian arts — Peruvian art has its origin in the Andean civilizations. These civilizations rose in the territory of modern Peru before the arrival of the Spanish. Pre Columbian ArtPeru s earliest artwork came from the Cupisnique culture, which was concentrated … Wikipedia
Peruvian Navy — Marina de Guerra del Perú Coat of arms of the Peruvian Navy Active October 8, 1821 today Country … Wikipedia
peruvian — PERUVIÁN, Ă, peruvieni, e, s.m. şi f., adj. Peruan. [pr.: vi an] – Din fr. péruvien. Trimis de oprocopiuc, 13.03.2004. Sursa: DEX 98 PERUVIÁN s., adj. (rar) peruan. Trimis de siveco, 05.08.2004. Sursa: Sinonime … Dicționar Român
Peruvian cuisine — Culture of Peru Architecture Art Cinema Cuisine Dances Literature Music Poetry Television Peruvian cuisine reflects local cooking practices and ingredients and, through immigration, influences from Spain, China … Wikipedia
Peruvian Retablos — Retablos are a sophisticated Andean folk art in the form of portable boxes which depict religious, historical, or everyday events that are important to the Indigenous people of the highlands of Peru and Bolivia.The Spanish word retablo comes from … Wikipedia
Peruvian literature — The term Peruvian literature not only refers to literature produced in the independent Republic of Peru, but also to literature produced in the Viceroyalty of Peru during the country s colonial period, and to oral artistic forms created by… … Wikipedia
Peruvian Army — The Peruvian Army (Spanish: Ejército del Perú, abbreviated EP) is the branch of the Peruvian Armed Forces tasked with safeguarding the independence, sovereignty and integrity of national territory on land through military force. Additional… … Wikipedia
art — noun 1 paintings, drawings, etc. ADJECTIVE ▪ great, high ▪ commercial, fine ▪ abstract, conceptual, figurative, representational … Collocations dictionary
Native American art — ▪ visual arts Introduction also called Indian art or American Indian art the visual art of the aboriginal inhabitants of the Americas, often called American Indians. For a further discussion of the visual art of the Americas produced in … Universalium
Latin American art — Introduction artistic traditions that developed in Mesoamerica, Central America, and South America after contact with the Spanish and Portuguese beginning in 1492 and 1500, respectively, and continuing to the present. This article… … Universalium