- S-400 (SAM)
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"S-400" redirects here. For other uses, see S400.
S-400 Triumf
NATO reporting name: SA-21 Growler
S-400 Triumf launch vehicleType Transportable SAM system Place of origin 
RussiaService history In service 2007[1]–present Used by RussiaProduction history Designer Almaz/Antei Concern of Air Defence (PVO Kontsern) Designed Late 1990s–Early 2000s[citation needed] Manufacturer Fakel Machine-Building Design Bureau Specifications Operational
range400 km (40N6 missile) 250 km (48N6 missile)
120km (9M96 missile)9M96 Type Surface-to-air missile Place of origin RussiaProduction history Variants 9M96, 9M96E and 9M96E2 Specifications (9M96[1]) Propellant solid propellant rocket motor Operational
range40 kilometres (25 mi)[1] Flight ceiling 30 km Boost time cold launch ejection system Speed Mach 5.0 Guidance
systeminertial guidance with radio command corrections Steering
systemgas dynamic flight control system 40N6 Type Surface-to-air missile Place of origin RussiaProduction history Variants 40N6 Specifications (40N6[1]) Propellant solid propellant rocket motor Operational
range400 kilometres (250 mi) Flight ceiling 185 km[2] Boost time cold launch ejection system Speed Mach 12.0 Guidance
systeminertial guidance with radio command corrections Steering
systemgas dynamic flight control system The S-400 Triumf (Russian: C-400 «Триумф») is a new generation anti-aircraft weapon system developed by Russia's Almaz Central Design Bureau as an upgrade of the S-300 family. It is currently in limited service with the Russian Armed Forces.
The S-400's NATO reporting name is SA-21 Growler, and the system was previously known as S-300PMU-3. It overshadows the capabilities of the other systems from the S-300 series, and its range is at least two times greater than that of the MIM-104 Patriot system.[3]
The S-400 uses 3 different missiles to cover its entire performance envelope. These are the extremely long range 40N6, long range 48N6 and medium range 9M96 missile. Each one has different capabilities.
Contents
Development
The development of the S-400 system began in the late 1990s. The system was formally announced by the Russian Air Force in January 1999. On 12 February 1999, the first tests were performed at Kapustin Yar in Astrakhan which were reported successful. As a result of this, the S-400 was scheduled for deployment in the Russian army in 2001.[4]
In 2003 it first became apparent that the system was ready for deployment, but in August two high ranking military officials expressed concerns that the S-400 was being tested using 'obsolete' interceptors from the S-300P and concluded that it was not ready for production.[4]
Finally the completion of the project was announced in February 2004. In April, a ballistic missile was successfully intercepted in a test of the upgraded 48N6DM interceptor missile.[5][6]
Radar
The S-400s radar is capable of tracking over 100 targets at ranges of over 400 km (250 mi), and engaging up to 12 of these targets at varying ranges, depending on the missile used (see infobox).
Missiles
- The 40N6 very long range missile is capable of destroying airborne targets at ranges up to 400 km (250 mi).
- The 48N6 long range missile is capable of destroying airborne targets at ranges up to 250 km (160 mi).
- The 9M96 short range missile is capable of destroying airborne targets at ranges up to 120 km (75 mi). It has the highest hit probability against fast, manoeuvrable targets such as fighter aircraft.
- The ABM capabilities are near the maximum allowed under the (now void) Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
Deployment
A regular S-400 battalion consists of at least eight launchers with 32 missiles and a mobile command post.[7] On May 21, 2007 the Russian Air Force announced that S-400 would be put on combat duty around Moscow and Central Russia by July 1, 2007[8] The S-400 was also deployed near the town of Elektrostal.[9]
On August 6, 2007, the first regiment equipped with S-400 entered active service in Moscow Oblast' near town of Elektrostal, according to Channel One Russia. This is the 606th Guards 'Zenith' Rocket Regiment, 9th PVO Division, 1st PVO Corps, of the Special Purpose Command.[10]
On February 8, 2008, Lt. Gen. Vladimir Sviridov announced that Russia will be replacing the S-300 systems in the Northwest of Russia with the more technologically advanced S-400. Russian military experts expect that Russia plans for this system to be in place and represent a major component of their ballistic missile defense system until 2020.[11]
In September 2006 Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov announced a new state program of armaments for 2007–2015. This program provides for the purchase of 18 missile battalions of S-400's.[12]
On March 17, 2009 Russia's defense minister announced that a second regiment equipped with advanced S-400 Triumf air defense missile systems has been put into combat service.[13]
On August 26, 2009, the General Staff said S-400 systems had been deployed in the Russian Far East to counter possible North Korean missile tests and prevent fragments from falling on Russian territory.[7]
In February 2011 a second unit of S-400 missile systems was deployed at Dubrovki, north of Moscow. The 210th Air Defence Regiment consists of two battalions, each consisting of eight launch points, each with four missiles.[14] It was also announced that the missile system will be deployed on the Kuril Islands in Russia's Far East.[15]
Foreign interest
On August 23, 2007 RIA Novosti reported that their sources indicated that Russia will not export the S-400 for the next few years.[16]
A simplified version of the S-400, designated the HQ-19, was developed jointly with China. China provided the majority of the funding for development.[1] Photos of the S-400 in China were released by Jane's Information Group in May 2009.[17] Russia has also offered the system to the United Arab Emirates and Greece.[18]
During the 2009 International Defence Industry Fair in Istanbul Turkey expressed interest in buying the system.[19]
Vice Chairman of Russia's State Duma Vladimir Zhirinovsky has urged the fast delivery of the S-400 anti-aircraft missile systems to Iran.[20]
On August 24, 2009, RIA Novosti reported that their sources indicated that Belarus had submitted a formal request for two battalions of S-400 systems.[21] India and Iran have also shown interest in this system. In the Turkish Long Range Anti Aircraft Missile Program S-400 is competing with Patriot Advanced Capability 3. SSM is going to make a decision in 2010.
In September 2009, it was reported that the S-400 system is part of a two billion dollar arms deal between Russia and Saudi Arabia. Under the deal, the Saudi kingdom would be purchasing at least eight launch units and up to thirty two missiles.[22]
South Korea is developing a simplified version of the S-400 called M-SAM Cheolmae-2 with the help of Almaz. The prime contractor is Samsung Thales, a joint venture between Samsung and Thales.[23] The M-SAM will be composed of an X band multi-function radar vehicle built by Samsung Thales in technical cooperation with Almaz,[24] and fire-control vehicles and transporter erector launchers built by Doosan.[25] LIG Nex1 will provide the missiles.[26]
Operators
Current:
Future:
Saudi Arabia – Ordered eight systems,[22] but the deal has reportedly stalled due to pressure from the US.[28]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e "S-400 Triumf (SA-21 'Growler') (Russian Federation), Defensive weapons". Jane's Information Group. February 11, 2010. http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Strategic-Weapon-Systems/S-400-Triumf-SA-21-Growler-Russian-Federation.html. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ http://armstass.su/?page=article&aid=84164&cid=25
- ^ FAS.org - "S-400 Triumf"
- ^ a b "S-400 (SA-20 Triumf)". MissileThreat.com. http://www.missilethreat.com/missiledefensesystems/id.52,page.3/system_detail.asp. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
- ^ "Russia: New S-400 Air Defense System Coming Soon". Periscope Daily Defense News Capsules. April 4, 2001.
- ^ "Russia Trumpets New S-400 Missile System". BBC Monitoring. March 23, 2001.
- ^ a b Denisov, Anton (August 26, 2008). "Russia deploys S-400 air defense systems in Far East". RIA Novosti (Moscow, Russia). http://en.rian.ru/mlitary_news/20090826/155930246.html. Retrieved December 9, 20102009-08-26. "A regular S-400 battalion comprises at least eight launchers with 32 missiles and a mobile command post."
- ^ "S-400 missile defense systems to start defending Moscow July 1". RIA Novosti. Moscow, Russia. May 21, 2007. http://en.rian.ru/russia/20070521/65806197.html. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ "Systém S-400 připraven k obraně Moskvy [The S-400 is ready to defend Moscow]" (in Czech). RIA Novosti. Moscow, Russia: The Internet Archive Wayback Machine. May 31, 2007. Archived from the original on July 3, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070703071756/http://www.atmonline.cz/news/2007/kveten/310507b.htm. Retrieved December 9, 2010. "...S-400 will be given to full combat readiness to defend Moscow and central Russia (near the town of Elektrostal in the Moscow region) on 1 July 2007."
- ^ "Russia to Belarus fearing of Ukraine". Charter97.org. April 15, 2008. http://charter97.org/en/news/2008/4/15/5746/. Retrieved December 10, 2010. "...sources report the regiment based at Elektrostal is the 606th Guards 'Zenith' Rocket Regiment, 9th PVO Division, 1st PVO Corps, of the Special Purpose Command"
- ^ "Russia moves to longer-range interceptors". United Press International. February 8, 2008. http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/Top_News/2008/02/08/russia_moves_to_longer-range_interceptors/9376/. Retrieved December 9, 2010. "Russian military experts expect the S-400 to be the backbone of the country's missile defenses through at least 2020."
- ^ "Оружия не хватит – Для переоснащения армии нет средств [The Army cannot afford enough weapons for retooling]" (in Russian). Vedomosti. August 8, 2008. http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2006/08/07/110626. Retrieved December 9, 2010. "LG-2015 provides for... the purchase of... 18 anti-aircraft missile battalions of S-400"
- ^ "Second S-400 air defense regiment put into service in Russia". RIA Novosti. March 17, 2009. http://en.rian.ru/russia/20090317/120604177.html. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
- ^ http://en.rian.ru/mlitary_news/20110216/162635663.html
- ^ http://en.rian.ru/mlitary_news/20110215/162608640.html
- ^ "Russia unlikely to export S-400 SAM systems any time soon". RIA Novosti. August 23, 2007. http://en.rian.ru/russia/20070823/73849589.html. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
- ^ "First Photos of S-400 in China.". China Defense Blog. May 22, 2009. http://china-defense.blogspot.com/2009/05/first-photos-of-s-400-in-china.html. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ "Russia's S-400 System Strikes Imagination and Everything Else in the Sky". Pravda Online. February 2, 2010. http://english.pravda.ru/russia/kremlin/24-02-2010/112355-s400-0/. Retrieved December 9, 2010. "Russia has also offered the system to the United Arab Emirates and Greece."
- ^ "Turkey hopes to buy S-400 air defense systems from Russia". RIA Novosti. April 27, 2009. http://en.rian.ru/russia/20090427/121328739.html. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ "Iran's army to be equipped with S-400". PressTV. September 5, 2007. http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=21983§ionid=351020602. Retrieved December 10, 2010. "Vice Chairman of Russia's State Duma Vladimir Zhirinovsky has urged the fast delivery of the magnificent S-400 anti-aircraft missile systems to Iran."
- ^ Belarus asks Russia for S-400 SAM systems by 2010 – source
- ^ a b Saudi Arabia signs 2 billion dollar weapons deal with Russia – source
- ^ New Contract: ALMAZ Corp. creates Multi-functional radar for South Korea
- ^ http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Missiles-And-Rockets-2007/Samsung-Thales-begins-M-SAM-radar-production.html
- ^ http://www.doosan.com/doosanmottrol/en/products/defence/protection.page?
- ^ http://www.lignex1.com:8001/eng/business/business02_03_04.jsp
- ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 – warfare.ru (1999-02-12). "SA-21 GROWLER / S400 Triumph Long Range TABM/SAM | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=264&linkid=1699. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
- ^ Riyadh mulls big Russian missile buy
External links
- Russian: www.almaz-antey.ru
- Almaz S-400 Triumf
- S-400 at www.dtig.org (German)
- First S-400 missile regiment to go on combat duty in Russia
- Almaz to build first X-band multi-function radar for Cheolmae-2
- After Long Delay S-400 Triumf Finally Get to the Field Defense-Update
Categories:- Modern surface-to-air missiles
- Surface-to-air missiles of Russia
- Missile defense
- Anti-ballistic missiles
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