- Columbia Falls Air Force Station
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Columbia Falls Air Force Station Part of Electronic Systems Division
Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC)Type Air Force Station Coordinates 44°47′42″N 067°48′41″W / 44.795°N 67.81139°W Built 1980s Built by GE Aerospace Construction
materialsAN/FPS-118 Rx over-the-horizon backscatter radar array In use 1970s-1990s Current
conditioncold storage / deactivated Controlled by United States Air Force
Garrison 776 Radar Squadron Columbia Falls Air Force Station is a closed United States Air Force radar station in Washington County, Maine. Located 16.0 miles (25.7 km) northwest of Machias, Maine and 10.0 miles (16.1 km) north of Columbia Falls, it went operational in 1990 but was closed in 1997 and placed in "warm storage" with minimal maintenance. It was deactivated and placed in "cold storage" in 2002.
History
Development of Columbia Falls AFS can be traced to work undertaken by USAF Rome Air Development Center [RADC] engineers in the early 1970s who were developing an over the horizon backscatter radar (OTH-B) system. The system was based on a frequency modulation/continuous wave (FM/CW) radar capable of detecting and tracking objects at over-the-horizon ranges. In concept it involved bouncing radar signals off the ionosphere which allows radar to overcome the curvature of the earth.
A small scale test receiver/transmitter was established in central western Maine at what would become Moscow AFS by the early 1980s. Initial testing was conducted from June 1980 to June 1981. Successful testing resulted in the decision to develop operational OTH-B systems for the east and west coasts and in Alaska.
The east coast OTH-B system was designed and built by GE Aerospace and consisted of an AN/FPS-118 radar with the transmitter located at Moscow AFS and the receiver at the newly constructed Columbia Falls AFS. The transmitter and receiver stations were manned by personnel of the 776th Radar Squadron. Data processing took place at Maine Air National Guard's Bangor Air National Guard Base which was close to the geographic halfway point between the TX/RX facilities.
The east coast OTH-B system was tested in the late 1980s and went operational when it was handed over to USAF in 1990. It was the largest of the three OTH-B systems and was so powerful that it could even detect changes in ocean currents. Transmissions from the Moscow AFS site covered an arc from 16.5° to 76.5° and from 900 km (560 mi) to 3,300 km (2,100 mi) in range.
The fall of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War saw the OTH-B systems rendered obsolete for detecting intruding military aircraft, however, the east coast OTH-B continued operations until 1997 and its data saw use by the United States Border Patrol for tracking aircraft used by drug smugglers, as well as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration which made use of the measurements of ocean currents and weather patterns.
The facility was placed in "warm storage" in 1997 and in 2002 it was deactivated and placed in "cold storage" with equipment removed from the site.
References
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Air Force Historical Research Agency.
External links
Links to related articles Municipalities and communities of Washington County, Maine County seat: Machias Cities Towns Addison | Alexander | Baileyville | Beals | Beddington | Centerville‡ | Charlotte | Cherryfield | Columbia Falls | Columbia | Cooper | Crawford | Cutler | Danforth | Deblois | Dennysville | East Machias | Harrington | Jonesboro | Jonesport | Lubec | Machias | Machiasport | Marshfield | Meddybemps | Milbridge | Northfield | Pembroke | Perry | Princeton | Robbinston | Roque Bluffs | Steuben | Talmadge | Topsfield | Vanceboro | Waite | Wesley | Whiting | Whitneyville
‡ Disincorporated
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reservationsArmy FortReservationBailey Island, Cape Elizabeth, Great Chebeague Island, Jewell Island, Long Island, Peaks IslandAir Force BaseStationNavy Naval Air StationRadio StationShipyardPrisonCoast Guard StationCaribou, Eastport, Jonesport, Rockland, South PortlandNational Guard Air National Guard BaseAir National Guard StationSouth PortlandArmy National Guard CampKeyesArmy National Guard ArmoryBangor, Belfast, Calais, Caribou, Fort Kent, Gardiner, Houlton, Lewiston, Norway, Portland, Sanford, Skowhegan, Waterville, WestbrookCategories:- Closed facilities of the United States Air Force
- Military facilities in Maine
- Radar stations of the United States Air Force
- Stations of the United States Air Force
- Buildings and structures in Washington County, Maine
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