Dirk Bogarde

Dirk Bogarde
Born	Derek Jules Gaspard Ulric Niven van den Bogaerde 28 March 1921(1921-03-28) West Hampstead, London, England
Died	8 May 1999(1999-05-08) (aged 78) Chelsea, London, England
Occupation	Actor, novelist
Years active	1939—90
Website
dirkbogarde.co.uk (Dirk Bogarde Estate)

Sir Dirk Bogarde (28 March 1921 – 8 May 1999) was an English actor and novelist. Initially a matinee idol in such films as Doctor in the House (1954) and other Rank Organisation pictures, Bogarde later acted in art-house films like Death in Venice (1971). He also wrote several volumes of autobiography.

Early years

Bogarde was born Derek Jules Gaspard Ulric Niven van den Bogaerde in a nursing home at 12 Hemstal Road,^[1] West Hampstead, London, of mixed Flemish, Dutch and Scottish ancestry, and baptised on 30 October at St. Mary's Church, Kilburn.^[1] His father, Ulric van den Bogaerde (born in Perry Barr, Birmingham; 1892-1972), was the art editor of The Times and his mother, Margaret Niven (1898-1980), was a former actress;his grand niece is the singer Birdy. He attended University College School,^[2] the former Allan Glen's School in Glasgow (a time he described in his autobiography as unhappy, although others have disputed his account)^[3] and later studied at the Chelsea College of Art and Design.

War service

Bogarde served in World War II, being commissioned into the Queen's Royal Regiment in 1943. He reached the rank of captain and served in both the European and Pacific theatres, principally as an intelligence officer. He claimed to have been one of the first Allied officers in April 1945 to reach the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany, an experience that had the most profound effect on him and about which he found it difficult to speak for many years afterward. As John Carey has summed up with regard to John Coldstream's authorised biography however, "it is virtually impossible that he (Bogarde) saw Belsen or any other camp. Things he overheard or read seem to have entered his imagination and been mistaken for lived experience."^[4] Coldstream's analysis seems to conclude that this was indeed the case.^[5] Nonetheless, the horror and revulsion at the cruelty and inhumanity that he claimed to have witnessed still left him with a deep-seated hostility towards Germany; in the late-1980s he wrote that he would disembark from a lift rather than ride with a German.^[6] Nevertheless, three of his more memorable film roles were as Germans, one of them as a former SS officer in The Night Porter.^[7]

He was most vocal, towards the end of his life, on the issue of voluntary euthanasia, of which he became a staunch proponent after witnessing the protracted death of his lifelong partner and manager Anthony Forwood (the former husband of actress Glynis Johns) in 1988. He gave an interview to John Hofsess, London executive director of the Voluntary Euthanasia Society:

"My views were formulated as a 24-year-old officer in Normandy ... On one occasion the jeep ahead hit a mine ... Next thing I knew, there was this chap in the long grass beside me. A bloody bundle, shrapnel-ripped, legless, one arm only. The one arm reached out to me, white eyeballs wide, unseeing, in the bloody mask that had been a face. A gurgling voice said, 'Help. Kill me.' With shaking hands I reached for my small pouch to load my revolver ... I had to look for my bullets -- by which time somebody else had already taken care of him. I heard the shot. I still remember that gurgling sound. A voice pleading for death" ... "During the war I saw more wounded men being 'taken care of' than I saw being rescued. Because sometimes you were too far from a dressing station, sometimes you couldn't get them out. And they were pumping blood or whatever; they were in such a wreck, the only thing to do was to shoot them. And they were, so don't think they weren't. That hardens you: You get used to the fact that it can happen. And that it is the only sensible thing to do".

Film career

His London West End theatre-acting debut was in 1939, with the stage name 'Derek Bogaerde', in J. B. Priestley's play Cornelius. After the war his agent renamed him 'Dirk Bogarde' and his good looks helped him begin a career as a film actor, contracted to The Rank Organisation under the wing of the prolific independent film producer Betty Box, who produced most of his early films and was instrumental in creating his matinee-idol image.^[8]

During the 1950s, Bogarde came to prominence playing a hoodlum who shoots and kills a police constable in The Blue Lamp (1950) co-starring Jack Warner and Bernard Lee; by portraying a murderer who befriends a young boy played by Jon Whiteley in Hunted (aka The Stranger in Between) (1952); in Appointment in London (1953) as a young airman in Bomber Command who, against orders, joins a major offensive against the Germans; The Sea Shall Not Have Them (1954), playing a flight sergeant trapped in a dinghy with Michael Redgrave; Doctor in the House (1954), as a medical student, in a film that made Bogarde one of the most popular British stars of the 1950s, and co-starring Kenneth More, Donald Sinden and James Robertson Justice as their crabby mentor; The Sleeping Tiger (1954), playing a neurotic criminal with co-star Alexis Smith, and Bogarde's first film for American expatriate director Joseph Losey; Doctor at Sea (1955), co-starring Brigitte Bardot in one of her first film roles; Cast a Dark Shadow (1955), as a man who marries women for money and then murders them; The Spanish Gardener (1956), co-starring Cyril Cusack, Jon Whiteley and Bernard Lee; Doctor at Large (1957), another entry in the "Doctor series", co-starring later Bond girl Shirley Eaton; A Tale of Two Cities (1958), a faithful retelling of Charles Dickens' classic; The Doctor's Dilemma (1959), based on a play by George Bernard Shaw and co-starring Leslie Caron and Robert Morley, (not a part of the "Doctor series"); and Libel (1959), playing two separate roles and co-starring Olivia de Havilland. Bogarde quickly became a matinee idol and was Britain's number one box office draw of the 1950s, gaining the title of "The Matinee Idol of the Odeon".

After leaving the Rank Organisation in the early 1960s, Bogarde abandoned his heart-throb image for more challenging parts, such as barrister Melville Farr in Victim (1961), directed by Basil Dearden; decadent valet Hugo Barrett in The Servant (1963), directed by Joseph Losey and written by Harold Pinter; television reporter Robert Gold in Darling (1965), directed by John Schlesinger; Stephen, a bored Oxford University professor, in Losey's Accident, (1967) also written by Pinter; German industrialist Frederick Bruckman in Luchino Visconti's The Damned (1969); the ex-Nazi, Max Aldorfer, in the chilling and controversial The Night Porter (1974) directed by Liliana Cavani; and, most notably, as Gustav von Aschenbach in Death in Venice (1971) also directed by Visconti.

In some of his other roles during the 1960s and 1970s, Bogarde played opposite renowned stars, yet several of the films were of uneven quality. Some of these movies included The Angel Wore Red (1960), playing an unfrocked priest who falls in love with cabaret entertainer Ava Gardner during the Spanish Civil War; Song Without End (1960), playing Hungarian composer and virtuoso pianist Franz Liszt, a flawed film made under the initial direction of Charles Vidor (who died during shooting), and completed by Bogarde's friend George Cukor, in Bogarde's only disappointing foray into Hollywood; the campy The Singer Not the Song (1961), as a Mexican bandit co-starring John Mills as a priest; H.M.S. Defiant (aka Damn the Defiant!) (1962), playing sadistic Lieutenant Scott-Padget, in which Bogarde practically steals the movie from his co-star Sir Alec Guinness; I Could Go On Singing (1963), co-starring Judy Garland in her final screen role; The Mind Benders (1963), an off-beat film where Bogarde plays an Oxford professor conducting sensory deprivation experiments at Oxford University (precursor to Altered States (1980)); Hot Enough for June, (aka "Agent 8¾") (1964), a James Bond-type spy spoof co-starring Robert Morley; King & Country (1964), playing an army lawyer reluctantly defending deserter Tom Courtenay; Modesty Blaise (1966), a campy spy send-up playing archvillain Gabriel opposite Monica Vitti and Terence Stamp; Our Mother's House (1967), an off-beat film playing an estranged father of seven children, directed by Jack Clayton; The Fixer (1968), based on Bernard Malamud's novel, co-starring Alan Bates; Sebastian (1968), playing a former Oxford professor heading the all-female decoding office of British Intelligence, co-starring Sir John Gielgud, Susannah York and Lilli Palmer; Oh! What a Lovely War (1969), co-starring Sir John Gielgud and Sir Laurence Olivier and directed by Richard Attenborough; Justine (1969), directed by George Cukor; Le Serpent (1973), co-starring Henry Fonda and Yul Brynner; A Bridge Too Far (1977), in a rather controversial performance as Lieutenant General Frederick "Boy" Browning, also starring Sean Connery and an all-star cast; Providence (1977), directed by Alain Resnais and co-starring Sir John Gielgud; Despair (1978) directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder; and Daddy Nostalgie, (aka These Foolish Things) (1991) co-starring Jane Birkin as his daughter, Bogarde's final film role.

While a contract performer at the Rank Organisation, Bogarde was considered for a screen version of Lawrence Of Arabia (1962), to be directed by Anthony Asquith.^{[citation needed]} The role of Lawrence eventually went to Peter O'Toole and was directed by David Lean. Not getting the role of Lawrence of Arabia was Bogarde's greatest screen disappointment.^[8] Bogarde was also reportedly considered for the title role in MGM's Doctor Zhivago (1965).^{[citation needed]} Earlier, he declined Louis Jourdan's role as Gaston in MGM's Gigi (1958).^{[citation needed]}.

In addition, Bogarde was in 1961 offered a stage role at the recently founded Chichester Festival Theatre by artistic director Sir Laurence Olivier, however he had to decline due to film commitments.^[9] Bogarde later said that he regretted declining Olivier's offer, and with it the chance to "really learn my craft".^[10]

Bogarde was nominated six times as Best Actor by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), winning twice, for The Servant in 1963, and for Darling in 1965. He also received the London Film Critics Circle Lifetime Award in 1991. He made a total of 63 films between 1939 and 1991.

Later career and personal life

Bogarde with Jane Birkin at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival.

In 1977, Bogarde embarked on his second career as an author. Starting with a first volume A Postillion Struck by Lightning, (a title derived from a French-to-English travel phrase book ) he wrote a series of autobiographical volumes, novels and book reviews. As a writer Bogarde displayed a witty, elegant, highly literate and thoughtful style.

Bogarde was a life-long bachelor and, during his life, was reported to be homosexual.^[11] Bogarde's most serious friendship with a woman was with the bisexual^{[citation needed]} French actress Capucine. For many years he shared his homes, first in Amersham, then in France with his manager Anthony Forwood (a former husband of actress Glynis Johns and the father of her only child, actor Gareth Forwood), but repeatedly denied that their relationship was anything but platonic. Such denials were understandable, mainly given that homosexual acts were illegal during most of his career, and also considering his appeal to women, which he was loath to jeopardise. His brother Gareth Van den Bogaerde in a 2004 interview with Jan Moir stated that Bogarde engaged in homosexual sex at a time when such activity was illegal, and also claimed that the relationship with Forwood went beyond that of a manager and friend.^[12]

Many believed Bogarde's refusal to enter into a marriage of convenience was a major reason for his failure to become a star in Hollywood, together with the critical and commercial failure of Song Without End. His friend Helena Bonham Carter believed Bogarde would not have been able to come out as gay during later life, since this might too unambiguously have demonstrated that he had been forced to camouflage his real sexual orientation during his film career.^[13]

Bogarde starred in the film Victim (1961), playing a homosexual London barrister who fights the blackmailers of a young man with whom he has had an emotional relationship. The young man commits suicide after being arrested for embezzlement, rather than ruin his friend's reputation. In exposing the ring of extortionists, Bogarde's character risks his career and marriage in order to see that justice is done. Victim was the first mainstream British film to treat homosexuality convincingly; and it had some effect upon a contemporary change in English law which decriminalized consensual homosexual acts.

He was also a shareholder in Pressdram Ltd, the company that owned the satirical magazine Private Eye. Upon his death his shares passed on to Brock van der Bogaerde.

Bogarde's controversial film choices later in his career led him to have something of a cult following. The singer Morrissey was a fan and, according to Charlotte Rampling,^[14] Bogarde was approached in 1990 by Madonna to appear in her video for Justify My Love, citing The Night Porter as an inspiration. Bogarde declined the offer.

In 1984, Bogarde served as president of the jury at the Cannes Film Festival. He was the first Briton to serve in this capacity. He was knighted in 1992 for services to acting, and was the recipient of honorary doctorates from St Andrews and Sussex.

Bogarde suffered a minor stroke in November 1987, at a time when his partner, Anthony Forwood, was dying of liver cancer and Parkinson's disease. In September 1996, he underwent angioplasty to unblock arteries leading to his heart and suffered a pulmonary embolism following the operation. Bogarde was paralyzed on one side of his body, which affected his speech and left him in a wheelchair. He managed, however, to complete a final volume of autobiography, which covered the stroke and its effects. He spent some time the day before he died with his friend Lauren Bacall. Bogarde died in London from a heart attack on 8 May 1999, aged 78. His ashes were scattered at his former estate of "Le Haut Clermont" in Grasse, Southern France.^{[citation needed]}

Filmography

Titles preceded by an asterisk (*) are films made for television.

Year	Film	Role	Notes
1939	Come on George!	Extra (uncredited)
1947	Dancing with Crime	Policeman
1948	Esther Waters	William Latch
	Once a Jolly Swagman	Bill Fox
1949	Boys in Brown	Alfie Rawlins
	Quartet	George Bland (segment "The Alien Corn")
	Dear Mr. Prohack	Charles Prohack
1950	The Woman in Question	R.W. (Bob) Baker
	The Blue Lamp	Tom Riley
	Blackmailed	Stephen Mundy
	So Long at the Fair	George Hathaway
1952	Appointment in London	Wing Commander Tim Mason
	Hunted	Chris Lloyd
	Penny Princess	Tony Craig
	The Gentle Gunman	Matt Sullivan
1954	They Who Dare	Lt. Graham
	The Sea Shall Not Have Them	Flight Sgt. MacKay
	For Better, for Worse	Tony Howard
	Doctor in the House	Dr Simon Sparrow
	The Sleeping Tiger	Frank Clemmons
1955	Simba	Alan Howard
	Doctor at Sea	Dr. Simon Sparrow
1956	The Spanish Gardener	Jose
1957	Cast a Dark Shadow	Edward "Teddy" Bare
	Ill Met by Moonlight	Maj. Patrick Leigh Fermor aka Philedem
	Doctor at Large	Dr. Simon Sparrow
	Campbell's Kingdom	Bruce Campbell
1958	A Tale of Two Cities	Sydney Carton
	The Wind Cannot Read	Flight Lt. Michael Quinn
	The Doctor's Dilemma	Louis Dubedat
1959	Libel	Sir Mark Sebastian Loddon/Frank Welney/Number Fifteen
1960	Song Without End	Franz Liszt	Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
	The Angel Wore Red	Arturo Carrera
1961	Victim	Melville Farr	Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
	The Singer Not the Song	Anacleto
1962	We Joined the Navy	Cameo appearance (Dr. Simon Sparrow)
	H.M.S. Defiant	1st Lt. Scott-Padget
	The Password Is Courage	Sergeant Major Charles Coward
1963	The Mind Benders	Dr. Henry Longman
	I Could Go On Singing	David Donne
	The Servant	Hugo Barrett	BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
	Doctor in Distress	Dr. Simon Sparrow
1964	King & Country	Capt. Hargreaves
	Hot Enough for June	Nicholas Whistler
	The High Bright Sun	Maj. McGuire
1965	Darling	Robert Gold	BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
1966	Modesty Blaise	Gabriel
	*Blithe Spirit	Charles Condomine
1967	Accident	Stephen	Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
	Our Mother's House	Charlie Hook	Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
1968	Sebastian	Sebastian
	The Fixer	Bibikov
1969	La Caduta degli dei (The Damned)	Frederick Bruckmann
	Oh! What a Lovely War	Stephen
	Justine	Pursewarden
1970	*Upon This Rock	Bonnie Prince Charlie
1971	Morte a Venezia (Death in Venice)	Gustav von Aschenbach	Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
1973	Night Flight from Moscow	Philip Boyle
1974	Il Portiere di notte (The Night Porter)	Maximilian Theo Aldorfer
1975	Permission to Kill	Alan Curtis
1977	A Bridge Too Far	Lt. Gen. Frederick 'Boy' Browning
	Providence	Claude Langham
1978	Despair	Hermann Hermann
1981	*The Patricia Neal Story	Roald Dahl
1986	*May We Borrow Your Husband?	William Harris
1988	The Vision	James Marriner
1990	Daddy Nostalgie	Daddy

Other works

Autobiographies and memoirs

• A Postillion Struck by Lightning, 1977
• Snakes and Ladders, 1978
• An Orderly Man, 1983
• Backcloth, 1986
• A Particular Friendship, 1989
• Great Meadow, 1992
• A Short Walk from Harrods, 1993
• Cleared for Take-Off, 1995
• For the Time Being: Collected Journalism, 1998
• Dirk Bogarde: The Complete Autobiography (contains the first four autobiographies only)

Novels

• A Gentle Occupation, 1980
• Voices in the Garden, 1981
• West of Sunset, 1984
• Jericho, 1991
• A Period of Adjustment, 1994
• Closing Ranks, 1997

Discography

• Lyrics for Lovers (London Records, 1960)

Works about Bogarde

Biography

• The Films of Dirk Bogarde by Margaret Hinxman & Susan d'Arcy, 1974
• Dirk Bogarde: The Complete Career Illustrated with Robert Tanitch, 1988.
• Dirk Bogarde, Rank Outsider, by Sheridan Morley, 1996.
• Dirk Bogarde, The Authorised Biography, by John Coldstream, 2004.
• Ever, Dirk: The Bogarde Letters, by John Coldstream, 2008.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Coldstream, John (2004). Dirk Bogarde: The Authorised Biography. Weidenfeld & Nicolson(London). p. 24. ISBN 0-297-60730-8.
2. ^ Who's Who 1987
3. ^ Boztas, Senay (3 October 2004). "Bogarde's Schooldays 'Make-Believe'". Sunday Herald (via FindArticles). Accessed 18 November 2010.
4. ^ Carey, John (10 August 2008). "Ever, Dirk: The Bogarde Letters selected and edited by John Coldstream". The Sunday Times. p. 2.
5. ^ Coldstream, John (2005). Dirk Bogarde: The Authorised Biography. Phoenix Books (London). pp. 20–21.
6. ^ Bogarde, Dirk (1988). "Out of the Shadows of Hell" in For the Time Being. Penguin (London).
7. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071910/
8. ^ ^{a b} Morley, Sheridan (1999). Dirk Bogarde: Rank Outsider. Bloomsbury (London) (second edition). ISBN 9780747546986.
9. ^ Coldstream, John (2005). Dirk Bogarde. Phoenix Books. pp. 361–362.
10. ^ Bogarde, Dirk (1988). Snakes and Ladders. Penguin (Harmondsworth, Middlesex). p. 169. OCLC 441694311.
11. ^ Review by Mansel Stimpson of Dirk Bogarde: The Authorised Biography, by John Coldstream
12. ^ Moir, Jan (2 September 2004). "'Dirk Could Be Cruel — But I Know Why'" (Gareth Van den Bogaerde interview). The Telegraph . Accessed 18 November 2010.
13. ^ Coldstream, John (2004). Dirk Bogarde: The Authorised Biography.
14. ^ Interview (17 June 2006). The Culture Show. BBC Two.

External links

Biography portal

• dirkbogarde.co.uk, official website of Dirk Bogarde Estate
• Dirk Bogarde at the Internet Movie Database
• Dirk Bogarde at the British Film Institute's Screenonline. Biography and credits
• Dirk Bogarde Fyne Times article
• Dirk Bogarde Dirk Bogarde by Neil McNally
• Dirk Bogarde Dirk Bogarde at glbtq.com

• Telegraph.co.uk The letters of Dirk Bogarde Part 1 Part 2
• The Spectator Bryan Forbes reviews The letters of Dirk Bogarde

Awards and achievements
Preceded by Peter O'Toole for Lawrence of Arabia	BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role 1963 for The Servant	Succeeded by Richard Attenborough for Guns at Batasi & Séance on a Wet Afternoon
Preceded by Richard Attenborough for Guns at Batasi & Seance on a Wet Afternoon	BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role 1965 for Darling	Succeeded by Richard Burton for The Spy Who Came in from the Cold & Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?

Persondata
Name	Bogarde, Dirk
Alternative names
Short description	actor
Date of birth	1921-03-28
Place of birth	West Hampstead, London, England
Date of death	1999-05-08
Place of death	Chelsea, London, England