John W. Campbell

For other people named John Campbell, see John Campbell (disambiguation).

John W. Campbell
Born	John Wood Campbell, Jr. June 8, 1910(1910-06-08) Newark, New Jersey, United States
Died	July 11, 1971(1971-07-11) (aged 61) Mountainside, New Jersey, United States
Pen name	Don A. Stuart
Occupation	SF magazine editor
Genres	Science fiction

John Wood Campbell, Jr. (June 8, 1910 – July 11, 1971) was an influential figure in American science fiction. As editor of Astounding Science Fiction (later called Analog Science Fiction and Fact), from late 1937 until his death, he is generally credited with shaping the so-called Golden Age of Science Fiction.

Isaac Asimov called Campbell "the most powerful force in science fiction ever, and for the first ten years of his editorship he dominated the field completely."^[1]

As a writer, Campbell published super-science space opera under his own name and moody, less pulpish stories as Don A. Stuart. He stopped writing fiction after he became editor of Astounding.

Biography

Campbell was born in Newark, New Jersey^[2] in 1910. His father was a cold, impersonal, and unaffectionate electrical engineer. His mother, Dorothy (née Strahern) was warm but changeable of character and had an identical twin who visited them often and who disliked young John. John was unable to tell them apart and was frequently coldly rebuffed by the person he took to be his mother.^[3]

Campbell attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he befriended Norbert Wiener, who coined the term Cybernetics. He began writing science fiction at age 18 and quickly sold his first stories. By the time he was 21 he was a well-known pulp writer but had been dismissed by MIT: he had failed German. He then spent one year at Duke University, from which he graduated with a Bachelor of Science in physics in 1932.^[4][5]

He married Dona Stewart in 1931, and they were divorced in 1949. Campbell married Margaret (Peg) Winter in 1950. He spent most of his life in New Jersey and died at home.^[6]

Writing career

Campbell's first published story, "When the Atoms Failed," appeared in the January 1930 issue of Amazing Stories when he was 19; he had had a previous story, "Invaders from the Infinite", accepted by Amazing's editor, T. O'Conor Sloane, but Sloane had lost the manuscript.^[5] Campbell's early fiction included a space opera series based on three characters, Arcot, Morey and Wade, and another series with lead characters Penton and Blake.

This early work established Campbell's reputation as a writer of space adventure; and when he began in 1934 to publish stories with a different tone, he used a pseudonym derived from his wife's maiden name.^[3]

From 1930 until the later part of that decade, Campbell was prolific and successful under both names. Three significant stories published under the pseudonym are "Twilight" (Astounding, November 1934). "Night" (Astounding, October 1935), and "Who Goes There?" (Astounding, August 1938). "Who Goes There?", about a group of Antarctic researchers who discover a crashed alien vessel, complete with a malevolent shape-changing occupant, was filmed as The Thing from Another World (1951) and The Thing (1982). "Who Goes There?" published when Campbell was only 28, was his last significant piece of fiction.

Campbell held the Amateur Radio Callsign W2ZGU, and wrote many articles on electronics and radio for a wide range of magazines.

Influence

In late 1937, F. Orlin Tremaine hired Campbell as the editor of Astounding.^[7][8] Campbell was not given full authority for Astounding until May 1938,^[9] but had been responsible for buying stories somewhat earlier.^{[7][8][10][11]} He began to make changes almost immediately, instigating a "mutant" label for unusual stories, and in March 1938 changing the title of the magazine from Astounding Stories to Astounding Science-Fiction.

Lester del Rey's first story, in March 1938, was an early find for Campbell, and in 1939, he published such an extraordinary group of new writers for the first time that the period is generally regarded as the beginning of the "Golden Age of Science Fiction," and the July 1939 issue in particular.^[12] The July issue contained A. E. van Vogt's first story, "Black Destroyer," and Asimov's early story "Trends"; August brought Robert A. Heinlein's first story, "Life-Line", and the next month Theodore Sturgeon's first story appeared.

Also in 1939, Campbell started the fantasy magazine Unknown (later Unknown Worlds).^[13] Although Unknown was canceled after only four years, a victim of wartime paper shortages, the magazine's editorial direction was significant in the evolution of modern fantasy.^[14]

Campbell is widely considered to be the single most important and influential editor in the early history of science fiction. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction wrote: "More than any other individual, he helped to shape modern sf."^[5] After 1950, new magazines such as Galaxy and The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction moved in different directions and developed talented new writers who were not directly influenced by him. Campbell often suggested story ideas to writers (including, famously, "Write me a creature that thinks as well as a man, or better than a man, but not like a man"), and sometimes asked for stories to match cover paintings he had already bought.

Asimov said of Campbell's influence on the field: "By his own example and by his instruction and by his undeviating and persisting insistence, he forced first Astounding and then all science fiction into his mold. He abandoned the earlier orientation of the field. He demolished the stock characters who had filled it; eradicated the penny-dreadful plots; extirpated the Sunday-supplement science. In a phrase, he blotted out the purple of pulp. Instead, he demanded that science-fiction writers understand science and understand people, a hard requirement that many of the established writers of the 1930s could not meet. Campbell did not compromise because of that: those who could not meet his requirements could not sell to him, and the carnage was as great as it had been in Hollywood a decade before, while silent movies had given way to the talkies."^[15]

The most famous example of the type of speculative but plausible science fiction that Campbell demanded from his writers is "Deadline," a short story by Cleve Cartmill that appeared during the wartime year of 1944, a year before the detonation of the first atomic bomb. As Ben Bova, Campbell's successor as editor at Analog, wrote, it "described the basic facts of how to build an atomic bomb. Cartmill and ... Campbell worked together on the story, drawing their scientific information from papers published in the technical journals before the war. To them, the mechanics of constructing a uranium-fission bomb seemed perfectly obvious." The FBI descended on Campbell's office after the story appeared in print and demanded that the issue be removed from the newsstands. Campbell convinced them that by removing the magazine "the FBI would be advertising to everyone that such a project existed and was aimed at developing nuclear weapons" and the demand was dropped.^[16]

Campbell was also responsible for the grim and controversial ending of Tom Godwin's famous short story "The Cold Equations". Writer Joe Green recounted that Campbell had "three times sent 'Cold Equations' back to Godwin, before he got the version he wanted ... Godwin kept coming up with ingenious ways to save the girl! Since the strength of this deservedly classic story lies in the fact the life of one young woman must be sacrificed to save the lives of many, it simply would not have the same impact if she had lived."^[17]

The November 1949 "future" issue, in which all the stories had previously been "reviewed" in November 1948

Editorials and opinions

Campbell was well known for the opinionated editorials in each issue of the magazine, wherein he would sometimes put forth quite preposterous hypotheses, perhaps intended to generate story ideas. An anthology of these editorials was published in 1966.

Slavery

Green wrote that Campbell "enjoyed taking the "devil's advocate" position in almost any area, willing to defend even viewpoints with which he disagreed if that led to a livelier debate." As an example, he wrote, Campbell "pointed out that the much-maligned 'peculiar institution' of slavery in the American South had in fact provided the blacks brought there with a higher standard of living than they had in Africa ... I suspected, from comments by Asimov, among others — and some Analog editorials I had read — that John held some racist views, at least in regard to blacks." Finally, however, Green agreed with Campbell that "rapidly increasing mechanization after 1850 would have soon rendered slavery obsolete anyhow. It would have been better for the USA to endure it a few more years than suffer the truly horrendous costs of the Civil War."^[18]

In a June 1961 editorial called "Civil War Centennial," Campbell argued that slavery had been a dominant form of human relationships for most of history and that the present was unusual in that anti-slavery cultures dominated the planet. He wrote, "It's my bet that the South would have been integrated by 1910. The job would have been done — and done right — half a century sooner, with vastly less human misery, and with almost no bloodshed ... The only way slavery has ever been ended, anywhere, is by introducing industry ... If a man is a skilled and competent machinist — if the lathes work well under his hands — the industrial management will be forced, to remain in business, to accept that fact, whether the man be black, white, purple, or polka-dotted."^[19]

Per Michael Moorcock, "He also, when faced with the Watts riots of the mid-sixties, seriously proposed and went on to proposing that there were 'natural' slaves who were unhappy if freed. I sat on a panel with him in 1965, as he pointed out that the worker bee when unable to work dies of misery, that the moujiks when freed went to their masters and begged to be enslaved again, that the ideals of the anti-slavers who fought in the Civil War were merely expressions of self-interest and that the blacks were 'against' emancipation, which was fundamentally why they were indulging in 'leaderless' riots in the suburbs of Los Angeles."^[20]

Smoking

Campbell was a heavy smoker throughout his life and was seldom seen without his customary cigarette holder. In the Analog of September, 1964, nine months after the Surgeon General's first major warning about the dangers of cigarette smoking had been issued on January 11, Campbell ran an editorial, "A Counterblaste to Tobacco" named after the similarly named anti-smoking book by James I of England.^[21] In it, he stated that the connection to lung cancer was "esoteric" and referred to "a barely determinable possible correlation between cigarette smoking and cancer." He claimed that tobacco's calming effects led to more effective thinking.^[22]

Pseudoscience and fringe politics

In the 1950s, Campbell developed strong interests in alternative theories that began to isolate him from some of his own writers. He wrote favorably about such things as the "Dean drive", a device that supposedly produced thrust in violation of Newton's third law, and the "Hieronymus machine", which could supposedly amplify psi powers. He published many stories about telepathy and other psionic abilities.^[23][24][25]

In 1949, Campbell became interested in Dianetics. He wrote of L. Ron Hubbard's initial article in Astounding that "It is, I assure you in full and absolute sincerity, one of the most important articles ever published."^[23] He also claimed to have successfully used dianetic techniques himself.

Asimov wrote: "A number of writers wrote pseudoscientific stuff to ensure sales to Campbell, but the best writers retreated, I among them. ..."^[26] Elsewhere Asimov went on to further explain, "Campbell championed far-out ideas ... He pained very many of the men he had trained (including me) in doing so, but felt it was his duty to stir up the minds of his readers and force curiosity right out to the border lines. He began a series of editorials ... in which he championed a social point of view that could sometimes be described as far right (he expressed sympathy for George Wallace in the 1968 national election, for instance), although few right-wingers would subscribe to some of his opinions, for example his new-age theories of psi powers. There was bitter opposition to this from many."^[27]

In the eyes of others

Damon Knight described Campbell as a "portly, bristled-haired blond man with a challenging stare."^[28] "Six-foot-one, with hawklike features, he presented a formidable appearance," said Sam Moskowitz.^[29] "He was a tall, large man with light hair, a beaky nose, a wide face with thin lips, and with a cigarette in a holder forever clamped between his teeth," wrote Asimov.^[30]

Asimov said that Campbell was "talkative, opinionated, quicksilver-minded, overbearing. Talking to him meant listening to a monologue ..."^[30] Knight agreed: "Campbell's lecture-room manner was so unpleasant to me that I was unwilling to face it. Campbell talked a good deal more than he listened, and he liked to say outrageous things."^[31]

British novelist and critic Kingsley Amis dismissed Campbell brusquely: "I might just add as a sociological note that the editor of Astounding, himself a deviant figure of marked ferocity, seems to think he has invented a psi machine."^[32]

British SF novelist Michael Moorcock, as part of his Starship Stormtroopers editorial, claimed Campbell's Stories and its writers were "wild-eyed paternalists to a man, fierce anti-socialists" with "[stories] full of crew-cut wisecracking, cigar-chewing, competent guys (like Campbell's image of himself)", who had success because their "work reflected the deep-seated conservatism of the majority of their readers, who saw a Bolshevik menace in every union meeting". He viewed Campbell as turning the magazine into a vessel for right-wing politics, "by the early 1950's ... a crypto-fascist deeply philistine magazine pretending to intellectualism and offering idealistic kids an 'alternative' that was, of course, no alternative at all".^[33]

SF writer Alfred Bester, an editor of Holiday Magazine and a sophisticated Manhattanite, recounted at some length his "one demented meeting" with Campbell, a man he imagined from afar to be "a combination of Bertrand Russell and Ernest Rutherford." The first thing Campbell said to him was that Freud was dead, destroyed by the new discovery of Dianetics, which, he predicted, would win L. Ron Hubbard the Nobel Peace Prize. Campbell ordered the bemused Bester to "think back. Clear yourself. Remember! You can remember when your mother tried to abort you with a button hook. You've never stopped hating her for it." Bester commented: "It reinforced my private opinion that a majority of the science-fiction crowd, despite their brilliance, were missing their marbles."^[34]

Campbell died in 1971 at the age of 61 in Mountainside, New Jersey.^[35] At the time of his sudden death after 34 years at the helm of Analog, Campbell's quirky personality and eccentric editorial demands had alienated a number of his most illustrious writers to the point that they no longer submitted works to him.

Asimov's final word on Campbell was that "in the last twenty years of his life, he was only a diminishing shadow of what he had once been."^[36] Even Heinlein, perhaps Campbell's most important discovery, and a "fast friend,"^[37] eventually tired of Campbell.^[38][39]

Radio and awards

Between December 11, 1957, and June 13, 1958, Campbell hosted a weekly science fiction radio program called Exploring Tomorrow. The scripts were written by authors such as Gordon Dickson and Robert Silverberg.

In 1996, Campbell was inducted into the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame.^[40]

The John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel and John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer were named in his honor.

Bibliography

Main article: John W. Campbell bibliography

This shortened bibliography lists each title once. Some titles that are duplicated are different versions, whereas other publications of Campbell's with different titles are simply selections from or retitlings of other works, and have hence been omitted.

The main bibliographic sources are footnoted from this paragraph and provided much of the information in the following sections.^{[5][8][41][42][43]} For more bibliographic information see the separate bibliography article.

Dates indicate first book publication.

Novels and fix-ups

• The Mightiest Machine (1947)
• The Incredible Planet (1949)
• The Black Star Passes (1953)
• Islands of Space (1956)
• Invaders from the Infinite (1961)
• The Ultimate Weapon (1966)

Short story collections and omnibus editions

• Who Goes There? (1948)
• The Moon is Hell (1951)
• Cloak of Aesir (1952)
• The Planeteers (1966)
• The Best of John W. Campbell (1973)
• The Space Beyond (1976)
• The Best of John W. Campbell (1976) (Differs from 1973 version)
• A New Dawn: The Don A. Stuart Stories of John W. Campbell, Jr. (2003)

Edited books

• From Unknown Worlds (1948)
• The Astounding Science Fiction Anthology (1952)
• Prologue to Analog (1962)
• Analog I (1963)
• Analog II (1964)
• Analog 3 (1965)
• Analog 4 (1966)
• Analog 5 (1967)
• Analog 6 (1968)
• Analog 7 (1969)
• Analog 8 (1971)

Nonfiction

• Editorial Number Three: "Letter From the Editor", in A Requiem for Astounding (1964)
• Collected Editorials from Analog (1966)
• The John W. Campbell Letters, Volume 1 (1986)
• The John W. Campbell Letters with Isaac Asimov & A.E. van Vogt, Volume II (1993)

Memorial works

Memorial works (festschrift) include:

• The John W Campbell Memorial Anthology (1973) edited by Harry Harrison

Sources

• Isaac Asimov: I. Asimov: A Memoir, Doubleday, New York, 1994 ISBN 0-385-41701-2
• Sam Moskowitz: "John W. Campbell: The Writing Years", in Amazing Stories, August 1963; Ziff-Davis Publishing Corporation. Reprinted in Seekers of Tomorrow, Masters of Modern Science Fiction, Sam Moskowitz, Ballantine Books, New York, 1967
• Hell's Cartographers, Some Personal Histories of Science Fiction Writers, edited by Brian W. Aldiss and Harry Harrison, Harper & Row, New York, 1975 ISBN 0-06-010052-4
• New Maps of Hell, Kingsley Amis, Ballantine Books, New York, 1960
• The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, edited by John Clute & Peter Nicholls, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1993 ISBN 0-312-09618-6
• Grumbles from the Grave, selected letters of Robert A. Heinlein, edited by Virginia Heinlein, Del Rey Books, New York, 1989 ISBN 0-345-36246-2
• Astounding, edited by Harry Harrison, Random House, New York, 1973 ISBN 0-394-48167-4)
• Through Eyes of Wonder, by Ben Bova, Addisonian Press, Reading, Massachusetts, 1975, ISBN 0-201-09206-9
• A Requiem for Astounding, by Alva Rogers, with editorial comments by Harry Bates, F. Orlin Tremaine, and John W. Campbell, Advent:Publishers, Chicago, 1964
• More Issues at Hand, by James Blish, writing as William Atheling, Jr., Advent:Publishers, Inc. Chicago, 1970
• Our Five Days with John W. Campbell, by Joe Green, The Bulletin of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, Fall 2006, No. 171, pages 13–16

References

1. ^ Isaac Asimov: I. Asimov: A Memoir, page 73
2. ^ Ash, Brian (1976). Who's Who in Science Fiction. London: Elm Tree Books. pp. 63. ISBN 0-241-89383-6. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Amazing Stories. August 1963. pp. 101. 
4. ^ Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact. October 1971. pp. 4. 
5. ^ ^{a b c d} Malcolm J. Edwards (1994) [1993]. "CAMPBELL, JOHN W(OOD) Jr". In Clute, John & Nicholls, Peter. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 199. ISBN 0-312-09618-6. 
6. ^ Introduction: The Father of Science Fiction, by Isaac Asimov, in Astounding edited by Harry Harrison, page ix
7. ^ ^{a b} del Rey, Lester (1976). The Early del Rey. New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 4–7, 18. ISBN 0-345-25063-X. 
8. ^ ^{a b c} Tuck, Donald H. (1974). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Volume 1. Chicago: Advent: Publishers, Inc.. pp. 87. ISBN 0-911682-20-1. 
9. ^ del Rey, Lester (1979). The World of Science Fiction and Fantasy: The History of a Subculture. New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 91. ISBN 0-345-25452-X. 
10. ^ Astounding Science-Fiction. November 1937. pp. 159.  The statement of ownership in the November 1937 issue listed Tremaine as the editor as of October 1, 1937.
11. ^ An editorial notice in the April 1938 issue made it clear Campbell was responsible for stories appearing as early as February. The editorial note was not signed, but it refers to stories bought for the last three issues, one of which (Lester del Rey's "The Faithful") is known to have been bought by Campbell. See the citation from The Early del Rey for del Rey's account of that sale. For the editorial note, see Astounding Science-Fiction. April 1938. pp. 125. 
12. ^ For example, the Nicholls (Clute, John & Nicholls, Peter, ed (1994) [1993]. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. New York: St. Martin's Press, Inc.. pp. 199. ISBN 0-312-09618-6. ) says "The beginning of Campbell's particular Golden Age of SF can be pinpointed as the summer of 1939," and goes on to begin the discussion with the July 1939 issue. Lester del Rey (del Rey, Lester (1979). The World of Science Fiction and Fantasy: The History of a Subculture. New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 94. ISBN 0-345-25452-X. ) comments that "July was the turning point." In addition, the issue was later reproduced as a facsimile issue because of its fame.^{[citation needed]}
13. ^ "Unknown". www.philsp.com. http://www.philsp.com/data/data370.html. Retrieved 2009-07-01. 
14. ^ Joshi, S T (December 2006). Icons of horror and the supernatural. Greenwood Press. pp. 600. ISBN 978-0-313-33780-2. http://books.google.com/?id=CNXZZdER5mQC&pg=PA600&lpg=PA600&dq=unknown+magazine+john+w+campbell. Retrieved 2009-07-01. 
15. ^ Introduction: The Father of Science Fiction, by Isaac Asimov, in Astounding edited by Harry Harrison, pages ix-x
16. ^ Through Eyes of Wonder, by Ben Bova, pages 66-67
17. ^ Our Five Days with John W. Campbell, by Joe Green, The Bulletin of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, Fall 2006, No. 171, page 13
18. ^ Our Five Days with John W. Campbell, by Joe Green, The Bulletin of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, Fall 2006, No. 171, page 15
19. ^ Editorial of June 1961, Analog, page 5
20. ^ Starship Stormtroopers, by Michael Moorcock
21. ^ Editorial of June 1961, Analog, page 8.
22. ^ Editorial of September 1964, Analog, page 8
23. ^ ^{a b} Astounding Science Fiction. April 1950. pp. 132. 
24. ^ Science-fiction writer and critic Damon Knight commented in his book In Search of Wonder: "In the pantheon of magazine science fiction there is no more complex and puzzling figure than that of John Campbell, and certainly none odder." Knight also wrote a four-stanza ditty about some of Campbell's new interests. The first stanza reads:

    Oh, the Dean Machine, the Dean Machine,

    You put it right in a submarine,

    And it flies so high that it cannot be seen —

    The wonderful, wonderful Dean Machine!

25. ^ In 1957, novelist and critic James Blish tallied: "From the professional writer's point of view, the primary interest in Astounding Science Fiction continues to center on the editor's preoccupation with extrasensory powers and perceptions ('psi') as a springboard for stories ... 113 pages of the total editorial content of the January and February 1957 issues of this magazine are devoted to psi, and 172 to non-psi material ... By including the first part of a serial that later becomes a novel about psi the total for these first two issues of 1957 is 145 pages of psi text, and 140 pages of non-psi." James Blish, The Issues at Hand, pages 86-87.
26. ^ I. Asimov, Isaac Asimov, page 74
27. ^ Introduction: The Father of Science Fiction, by Isaac Asimov, in Astounding edited by Harry Harrison, page xii
28. ^ Hell's Cartographers, edited by Brian W. Aldiss and Harry Harrison, page 114
29. ^ Moskowitz
30. ^ ^{a b} I. Asimov, Isaac Asimov, page 72
31. ^ Hell's Cartographers, edited by Brian W. Aldiss and Harry Harrison, page 133
32. ^ New Maps of Hell, Kingsley Amis, 1960, page 84
33. ^ "Starship Stormtroopers" by Michael Moorcock
34. ^ Hell's Cartographers, edited by Brian W. Aldiss and Harry Harrison, page 57
35. ^ Solstein, Eric; Moosnick, Gregory (May 23, 2002). "Appendix F: Obituary from The New York Times (July 13, 1971)". John W. Campbell's Golden Age of Science Fiction: Text Supplement to the DVD. Digital Media Zone. pp. 98–100. http://www2.ku.edu/~sfcenter/JWC_Study_Supplement.pdf. Retrieved May 28, 2010. 
36. ^ I. Asimov, page 74
37. ^ Grumbles from the Grave, edited by Virginia Heinlein, page 8
38. ^ Grumbles from the Grave, edited by Virginia Heinlein, page 36: "When Podkayne was offered to him, he wrote Robert, asking what he knew about raising young girls in a few thousand carefully chosen words. The friendship dwindled, and was eventually completely gone."
39. ^ Grumbles from the Grave, edited by Virginia Heinlein, page 152: In 1963, Heinlein wrote his agent to say that a rejection from another magazine was "pleasanter than offering copy to John Campbell, having it bounced (he bounced both of my last two Hugo Award winners) — and then have to wade through ten pages of his arrogant insults, explaining to me why my story is no good."
40. ^ "Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame". Archived from the original on June 19, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060619222617/http://www.midamericon.org/halloffame/. Retrieved 21 June 2006. 
41. ^ Currey, L. W. (1979). Science Fiction and Fantasy Authors: A Bibliography of First Printings of Their Fiction. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co.. pp. 97. ISBN 0-8161-8242-6. 
42. ^ "Index to Science Fiction Anthologies and Collections, Combined Edition". http://contento.best.vwh.net. 
43. ^ Reginald, R. (1979). Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature: Volume 1: Indexes to the Literature. Detroit: Gale Research Company. pp. 88–89. ISBN 0-8103-1051-1. 

Listen to

• John W. Campbell as host of the Mutual Broadcasting System's Exploring Tomorrow (1957-58)

External links

Biography and criticism

• John W. Campbell, Jr. biography at the Science Fiction Hall of Fame
• Astounding: The Campbell Years by Frederik Pohl

Bibliography and works

• John W. Campbell at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• Works by John W. Campbell at Project Gutenberg
• John Wood Campbell, Alpha Ralpha Boulevard
• John W. Campbell at the Open Directory Project

Persondata
Name	Campbell, John W.
Alternative names	Campbell, John Wood, Jr. (full name); Stuart, Don A. (pseudonym)
Short description	American science-fiction writer and editor
Date of birth	1910-06-08
Place of birth	Newark, New Jersey, United States
Date of death	1971-07-11
Place of death	Mountainside, New Jersey, United States