Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry

Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry
The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry
Cornwall Light Infantry Badge.jpg
Badge of the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry
Active 1 July 18815 October 1959
Country  United Kingdom
Branch Flag of the British Army.svg Army
Type Line Infantry
Role Light Infantry
Size 12 Regular Battalions

1 Militia and Special Reserve Battalion
12 Territorial and Volunteer Battalions
Up to 10 Hostilities-only Battalions

Garrison/HQ Victoria Barracks, Bodmin[1]
Colors White facings
March Quick: One and All
First DCLI Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery, The Bluff in Belgium

The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry (DCLI) was an infantry regiment of the British Army from 1881 to 1959. Its lineage is continued today by The Rifles.

The regiment was created on 1 July 1881 as part of the Childers Reforms, by the merger of the 32nd (Cornwall Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot and the 46th (South Devonshire) Regiment of Foot.[2] The DCLI also incorporated the militia and rifle volunteers of Cornwall.[3][4][5]

In 1959 the regiment merged with the Somerset Light Infantry to form the Somerset and Cornwall Light Infantry.[4]

Contents

History

18811899

Under the Childers system, one regular battalion of each regiment was to be at a "home" station, while the other was abroad. Every few years, there was to be an exchange of battalions. In the period from the regiment's formation to the outbreak of the Second Boer War the two regular battalions were stationed as follows:

Location of 1st Battalion (ex 32nd Foot)[6] Years Location of 2nd Battalion (ex 46th Foot)[7] Years
England and Ireland 18811885 Gibraltar 18811882
Egypt 18821885
Malta 18851888 Sudan 18851886
India and Burma (fought in Tirah Campaign of 1897) 18881900 England and Ireland 18861900

18991914

In October 1899 war broke out between the United Kingdom and the Boer Republics. The 2nd Battalion arrived in South Africa in the following month, where it took part in minor actions on the western border of the Cape Colony. In February 1900 it became part of the 19th Brigade. It saw action against the Boers at Paardeburg, and in March 1900 entered Bloemfontein. It continued to take part in a series of skirmishes until the end of the war.[8] The 1st Battalion took no part on the war, moving from India to Ceylon in 1900 where its soldiers guarded South African prisoners of war.[6]

Following the war in South Africa, the system of rotating battalions between home and foreign stations resumed as follows:

Location of 1st Battalion (ex 32nd Foot)[6] Years Location of 2nd Battalion (ex 46th Foot)[7] Years
South Africa 19021906 England 19021905
England 19061913 Gibraltar 19051907
Bermuda 19071910
South Africa 19101913
Ireland (The Curragh) 19131914 Hong Kong 19131914

Reserve battalions 18811914

The 1881 reorganisation also redesignated the militia and rifle volunteers of Cornwall as battalions of the regiment as follows:[9]

  • 3rd (Militia) Battalion (formerly the "Royal Conwall Rangers, Duke of Cornwall's Own Rifles", raised 1760)
  • 1st Volunteer Battalion (formerly 1st Cornwall Rifle Volunteer Corps, raised 1860)
  • 2nd Volunteer Battalion (formerly 2nd Cornwall Rifle Volunteer Corps, raised 1860)

Neither militia nor volunteer battalions were liable for service outside the United Kingdom. However, during the Second Boer War, both volunteer battalions contributed "Active Service Companies" that reinforced the regular battalions, and were awarded the battle honour "South Africa 19001901".[10]

In 1908 reserve forces were reorganised by the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (the Haldane Reforms). The militia was renamed the "Special Reserve", with the duty of providing trained recruits in time of war. The volunteer battalions became part of the new Territorial Force, which was organised into 14 infantry divisions which were called upon to serve abroad.[11] On 1 April 1908 the three reserve battalions were accordingly redesignated as the 3rd (Special Reserve), 4th (Territorial Force) and 5th (Territorial Force) Battalions, DCLI.[12]

World War I

The war saw a large expansion of the regiment. This was done in two ways: by the formation of duplicate units to the existing territorial battalions, and by the raising of wartime "New Army" or Service battalions. The following battalions of the DCLI saw active service in the conflict:[13]

Battalion Service
1st Battalion Western Front 19141917; Italian Front 19171918; Western Front 1918
2nd Battalion Western Front 19141915; Macedonian Front 19151918
1/4th Battalion India 19141916; Aden 19161917; Egypt 19171918
2/4th Battalion (Formed September 1914) India 19141918
1/5th Battalion Remained in UK until 1916. Western Front 19161918
6th (Service) Battalion (Formed August 1914) Western Front 19151918 (disbanded February 1918)
7th (Service) Battalion (Formed September 1914) Western Front 19151918
8th (Service) Battalion (Formed September 1914) Western Front 1915; Mesopotamian Front 19151918
10th (Service) Battalion (Cornwall Pioneers) (Formed March 1915) Western Front 19161918

Inter War period

Years 1st Battalion[6] Years 2nd Battalion[7]
19191922 Ireland 19191920 India
19221939 India
19201921 Iraq
19211922 Ireland
19221924 Germany (Army of occupation)
19241927 Guernsey
19271932 England
19321935 Gibraltar
19351939 England

World War II

In 1944 Hill 112 in Normandy acquired the name "Cornwall Hill" after Cornish soldiers of 5th Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry suffered 320 casualties in the fighting there.

Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry Regimental Museum

DCLI Regimental Museum

The original barracks in Bodmin houses the regimental museum, founded in 1925. It includes the history of the regiment from 1702, plus a military library. There is a fine collection of small arms and machine guns, plus maps, uniforms and paintings on show. Included in the display are the medals of Harry Patch, the last British survivor of the First World War.[14] and the VC awarded to Herbert Augustine Carter for gallantry in Somaliland in 1903.

Bodmin Parish Church was the regimental place of worship where there are memorials to some of the servicemen and regimental colours from the past.

Literature

Surfing Tommies is a 2009 play by the Cornish author Alan M. Kent which follows the lives of three members of the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry on a journey from the mines of Cornwall to the fields of Flanders, where they learned to surf with South African troops.[15]

Notable members

Sergeant Thomas Edward Rendle, VC

Recipients of the Victoria Cross

Thumb

Eight soldiers of the DCLI were awarded the VC including:

Others

Battle Honours

  • From 32nd Regiment of Foot: Rolica, Vimiera, Corunna, Salamanca, Pyrenees, Nivelle, Nive, Orthes, Peninsula, Waterloo, Goojerat, Mooltan, Punjaub, Lucknow
  • From 46th Regiment of Foot: Dominica, Sevastopol
  • Gibraltar 1704-05, Dettingen, St. Lucia 1778, Tel el Kebir, Egypt 1882, Nile 1884-85, Paardeberg, South Africa 1899-1902
  • The Great War (15 battalions): Mons, Le Cateau, Retreat from Mons, Marne 1914, Aisne 1914, La Bassée 1914, Armentières 1914, Ypres 1915 '17, Gravenstafel, St. Julien, Frezenberg, Bellewaarde, Hooge 1915, Mount Sorrel, Somme 1916 '18, Delville Wood, Guillemont, Flers-Courcelette, Morval, Le Transloy, Ancre 1916, Bapaume 1917 '18, Arras 1917, Vimy 1917, Scarpe 1917, Arleux, Langemarck 1917, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Broodseinde, Poelcappelle, Passchendaele, Cambrai 1917 '18, St. Quentin, Rosières, Lys, Estaires, Hazebrouck, Albert 1918, Hindenburg Line, Havrincourt, Canal du Nord, Selle, Sambre, France and Flanders 1914-18, Italy 1917-18, Struma, Doiran 1917 '18, Macedonia 1915-18, Gaza, Nebi Samwil, Jerusalem, Tell 'Asur, Megiddo, Sharon, Palestine 1917-18, Aden
  • The Second World War: Defence of Escaut, Cheux, Hill 112, Mont Pincon, Noireau Crossing, Nederrijn, Opheusden, Geilenkirchen, Rhineland, Goch, Rhine, North-West Europe 1940 '44-45, Gazala, Medjez Plain, Si Abdallah, North Africa 1942-43, Cassino II, Trasimene Line, Advance to Florence, Incontro, Rimini Line, Italy 1944-45

See also

References

  1. ^ "The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry". British Light Infantry Regiments. 25 September 2008. http://www.lightinfantry.org.uk/regiments/dcli/duke_index.htm. Retrieved 4 April 2010. 
  2. ^ London Gazette: no. 24992. pp. 33003301. 1 July 1881.
  3. ^ Farmer, John S (1901). The Regimental Records of the British Army : a historical résumé chronologically arranged of titles, campaigns, honours, uniforms, facings, badges, nicknames, etc.. London: Grant Richards. 
  4. ^ a b Swinson, Arthur (1972). A Register of the Regiments and Corps of the British Army. London: The Archive Press. ISBN 0-85591-000-3. 
  5. ^ Wickes, H L (1974). Regiments of Foot: A History of the Foot Regiments of the British Army. Reading, Berkshire: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0-85045-220-1. 
  6. ^ a b c d Mills, T F (3 April 2005). "1st Bn, The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry". Land Forces of Britain, The Empire and the Commonwealth. Archived from the original on 21 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071221053831/www.regiments.org/deploy/uk/reg-inf/032-1.htm. Retrieved 9 April 2010. 
  7. ^ a b c Mills, T F (11 September 2005). "2nd Bn, The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry". Land Forces of Britain, The Empire and the Commonwealth. Archived from the original on 21 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071221233605/www.regiments.org/deploy/uk/reg-inf/046-1.htm. Retrieved 10 April 2010. 
  8. ^ Biggins, David. "Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry". Anglo Boer War. http://www.angloboerwar.com/units%20imperial/dcli.htm. Retrieved 9 April 2010. 
  9. ^ "The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry". British Light Infantry Regiments. 2 December 2007. http://www.lightinfantry.org.uk/regiments/dcli/duke_timeline.htm. Retrieved 9 April 2010. 
  10. ^ "The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry". British Light Infantry Regiments. 2 December 2007. http://www.lightinfantry.org.uk/regiments/dcli/duke_tabattalions.htm. Retrieved 9 April 2010. 
  11. ^ Dunlop, John K. (1938). The development of the British Army 18991914. London: Methuen. pp280285. 
  12. ^ Order in Council dated 19 March 1908 London Gazette: no. 28121. pp. 21492162. 20 June 1908.
  13. ^ Chris Baker. "The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry". The Long, Long Trail. http://www.1914-1918.net/dcli.htm. Retrieved 9 April 2010. 
  14. ^ "WWI veteran's medals go on show". BBC News. 17:52 GMT, Wednesday, 12 August 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cornwall/8198354.stm. Retrieved 2009-08-13. 
  15. ^ "Surfing Tommies". http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/whatson/Hanging-10-trenches/article-947675-detail/article.html. 
  16. ^ "Capt. QM Harold Royffe". Somerset & Cornwall Light Infantry (The). http://www.scli.co.uk/pages/harold_royffe.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-09. 
  17. ^ Independent, The; Viewspaper, May 4th, 2010; p. 9

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