- Olympia and York
-
First Canadian Place, Toronto
One Canada Square, London
Canary Wharf, seen from a high-level walkway on Tower BridgeOlympia & York (also spelled as Olympia and York, abbreviated as O&Y) was once a major international property development firm based in Canada. The firm built major financial office complexes like Canary Wharf in London, the World Financial Center in New York City and First Canadian Place in Toronto. It went bankrupt in the early 1990s and was recreated to eventually become Olympia & York Properties.[1]
Contents
History
Early years
The company was founded by Paul Reichmann and his brothers Albert and Ralph[2] in Toronto in the early 1950s as an outgrowth of their flooring and tile company.[3] It first built and operated warehouses and other commercial buildings in Toronto. The company earned a reputation for building structures faster and more cheaply than any other builder. Its first major project was the development of the vast Flemingdon Park project in Don Mills.
The company then took a major gamble winning the fierce bidding war for the final undeveloped property at the corner of King and Bay street (the geographic heart of Canada's financial district). The Reichmans won the contract to build Canada's tallest building, First Canadian Place in 1971. The project almost collapsed, however, when reformist mayor David Crombie put a halt to major development projects. After three years of lobbying the project finally went ahead to great success.
The Golden 80s
In the 1980s Olympia & York grew to be the largest property development firm in the world.[3][2] In the early 1980s the New York real estate market was severely depressed and the Reichmanns bought a group of nine skyscrapers for the low price of 300 million dollars. In only a few years the group rose in value to 3.5 billion. The company became centred on New York opening an office on Park Avenue. The company won the rights to the largest development project in the city when they were awarded the contract to develop the Battery Park City infill next door to the World Trade Center. This project became the World Financial Center and was another great success for the firm.
Both Reichmann brothers were strongly religious Haredi Jews and were considered eccentrics for shutting down their construction sites for the Jewish Sabbath and for all Jewish holidays. Even while the success of O&Y made them one of the world's richest families they continued to live relatively austere lives.
In the mid-1980s the company diversified. In 1985 it bought Gulf Canada Resources Limited,[4] a deal that attracted much controversy because it earned the company multi-million dollar tax breaks. They also acquired a 50.1% control of Brinco Ltd.[5] in 1980 then the following year an 82% controlling interest in Abitibi-Price Inc.[6] As well, they held a significant shareholding in the Royal Trust Company.[7] In 1980, they had also acquired English Property Corp,[5] one of the largest British developers, which would eventually lead to the Canary Wharf property development. Following a highly-publicized legal battle with Britain's Allied Lyons PLC[5] for control of Canadian-based distillers Hiram Walker-Gooderham and Worts Distillery,[5] the makers of the popular Canadian Club brand of rye whiskey, in 1987 Olympia & York became Allied Lyons' largest shareholder.
In the late 1980s the company undertook to develop the Canary Wharf site in the east of London. The 83 acre (336,000 m²) site would become the largest development project in the world, which would incorporate One Canada Square, Britain's tallest skyscraper. The project ran into problems however. Britain entered a recession, British firms were unwilling to relocate from the traditional financial centre within the City, and despite a personal promise by Margaret Thatcher, the London Underground line known as the Jubilee Line Extension was delayed in construction awaiting the contributions from Olympia & York (with the line eventually opening in the year 2000). The office space at Canary Wharf remained largely empty and Olympia & York began to run out of cash. At the same time, New York City and its real estate market began a deep recession and Olympia & York, who was now the largest property holder in Manhattan, began to feel cash flow problems which deeply affected the pyramid-like financing strategy that the Reichmann brothers had adopted.
Bankruptcy
In March 1992 Paul Reichmann was forced to resign[8] as president. In May the company filed for bankruptcy and it owed over 20 billion dollars[8] to various banks and investors. The company was finally dismembered in February 1993 and the Reichmanns were left with only a small rump known as Olympia & York Properties Corporation. The new company has again grown into a multi-billion dollar firm, including retaining a large stake of the now prosperous Canary Wharf project, as well as First Canadian Place in Toronto, Ontario. However, they no longer have large holdings in New York City. Many of the NYC properties are now under Brookfield Properties Corporation.[9]
Portfolio
A list of notable O&Y current and previous ownership properties:
- Canary Wharf, London
- World Financial Center, NYC (entire complex)
- First Canadian Place, Toronto - including Exchange Tower, First Bank Tower.
- Maritime Life Building, Toronto
- Rogers-AT&T Centre, Toronto
- Oakwood Apartments, Portland OR
- Commerce Place, Edmonton AB
- 425 Lexington Avenue, NYC
- Olympia Centre, Chicago, IL
- KOIN Center, Portland OR
- Blanchard Plaza, Seattle, WA
- University of Lethbridge Building, Lethbridge AB
- York Centre, Toronto
- 150 Ferrand Drive Ferrand Towers, Toronto
- Toronto Star Building, Toronto
- Global House, Toronto
- 40 St. Clair Avenue West, Toronto
- 2 St. Clair Avenue West, Toronto
- Queen's Quay Terminal, Toronto
- 237 Park Avenue, NYC
- Flemingdon Park Condominiums, Toronto (5 Vicora Linkway, 15 Vicora Linkway, 60 Pavane Linkway.)
- Glen Valley, Toronto (including 715 Don Mills Road, 725 Don Mills Road, 735 Don Mills Road)
- Place de Ville, Ottawa (including Phase III Place de Ville Tower E, Place de Ville Tower D)
- 55 Water Street, NYC[3]
Olympia & York Properties Corporation owns 18 properties in 6 Canadian cities.
References and notes
- ^ http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2005/02/15/OYproperties-050215.html
- ^ a b http://www.israel-times.com/finance/2006/02/reichmann-family-founders-of-the-olympia-and-york-real-estate-empire-876
- ^ a b c http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Olympia-amp;-York-Developments-Ltd-Company-History.html
- ^ http://www.canadianheritage.ca/enterprises/gulfcanadaresources/index.htm
- ^ a b c d http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006753
- ^ http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE7DF1530F933A15756C0A964958260&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
- ^ http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE4DB103DF931A15757C0A964958260
- ^ a b http://ny.therealdeal.com/articles/macklowe-s-bust-one-of-many-over-decades
- ^ http://www.brookfieldproperties.com/corporate/history.cfm
See also
External links
Canary Wharf Buildings CurrentOne Canada Square (235 m, 1991) · 8 Canada Square (200 m, 2002) · Citigroup Centre (200 m, 2001) · One Churchill Place (156 m, 2004) · 25 Bank Street (153 m, 2003) · 40 Bank Street (153 m, 2003) · 10 Upper Bank Street (151 m, 2003) · 1 Cabot Square (89 m, 1991) · 5 Canada Square (88 m, 2003) · 25 Cabot Square (81 m, 1991) · 25 North Colonnade (80 m, 1991) · 10 Cabot Square (74 m, 1991) · 20 Canada Square (71 m, 2003) · 20 Bank Street (68 m, 2003) · 20 Cabot Square (65 m, 1991) · 50 Bank Street (63 m, 2002) · 30 South Colonnade (62 m, 1991) · 17 Columbus Courtyard (45 m, 1999) · 20 Columbus Courtyard (45 m, 1999) · 1 Westferry Circus (45 m, 1992) · 11 Westferry Circus (45 m, 1997) · 15 Westferry Circus (44.5 m, 2001) · 7 Westferry Circus (43.6 m, 1992)Under constructionApproved
Transport links CurrentA13 road · Canary Wharf DLR Station · Canary Wharf Pier · Canary Wharf – Rotherhithe Ferry · Canary Wharf Underground Station · Heron Quays DLR Station · London City Airport · South Quay DLR StationUnder constructionCanary Wharf Crossrail StationOther Canary Wharf Group · Canary Wharf Squash Classic · Olympia and York · Michael von Clemm · The Wharf
Categories:- Defunct companies of Canada
- Jewish Canadian history
- Companies that have filed for bankruptcy in Canada
- Real estate companies of Canada
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