U.S. Route 199

U.S. Route 199
Redwood Highway
Route information
Auxiliary route of US 99
Maintained by Caltrans and Oregon DOT
Length:	80.05 mi[1][2] (128.83 km)
Existed:	1926 – present
History:	State highway in 1917 and 1919; became US 199 in 1926
Major junctions
South end:	US 101 near Crescent City, CA
North end:	I-5 / OR 99 in Grants Pass, OR
Highway system
United States Numbered Highways List • Bannered • Divided • Replaced ← SR 198 CA SR 200 → ← US 197 OR OR 200 →

U.S. Route 199 (US 199) is a U.S. highway in the U.S. states of California and Oregon. The highway was established in 1926 as a spur of U.S. Route 99, which has since been replaced by Interstate 5. US 199 stretches 80 miles (130 km) from U.S. Route 101 near Crescent City, California northeast to Interstate 5 in Grants Pass, Oregon. The highway is the northern portion of the Redwood Highway. In Oregon, US 199 is officially known as Redwood Highway No. 25. The majority of the road in California is the Smith River Scenic Byway, a Forest Service Byway. This route is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System^[3] and is eligible for the State Scenic Highway System.^[4] The first roadway, a plank road, from Crescent City was established in May 1858, and before the US 199 designation was applied to the highway, the roadway was designated Highway 25 and Route 1.

Route description

US 199 shield in California

US 199 begins at a partial interchange with US 101 northeast of Crescent City; Elk Valley Cross Road (County Route D2) connects the two routes just to the north for full access. The highway quickly enters the Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, climbs over a ridge, crosses the Smith River, and meets State Route 197 (which heads northeast to US 101 via the Smith River). US 199 follows the banks of the river and its Middle Fork as it takes a steady but curvy climb through the Smith River National Recreation Area in the Six Rivers National Forest, passing the settlements of Gasquet and Patrick Creek. As it approaches the summit, the Middle Fork Smith River turns east, but US 199 continues northeast, following Griffin Creek to near its source (where there is a rest area), and passing under Hazel View Summit, the border between the Smith River NRA and the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest, in the 1963 Collier Tunnel (elevation about 2100 feet/650 m). (The old curving route over the summit still exists as Oregon Mountain Road.) Upon leaving the tunnel, US 199 descends alongside the small Broken Kettle Creek into the Elk Valley and crosses into Oregon.^[5]

US 199 southbound at the California-Oregon state line

US 199 leaves the national forest as it enters Oregon and descends into the Illinois Valley, passing O'Brien and the west end of OR 46 in Cave Junction. North of Cave Junction, US 199 leaves the Illinois River, which curves west towards the ocean, and follows several small creeks past Selma to Hayes Hill Summit (elevation about 1700 feet/500 m). The highway descends from the summit alongside Slate Creek past Wonder and Wilderville and ends up in the Rogue River Valley, where it enters Grants Pass.^[5]

South of downtown Grants Pass, US 199 meets OR 99 and OR 238 and splits at a partial interchange. The main Redwood Highway turns north with OR 99, passing through downtown and ending at exit 58 of I-5, while the Redwood Spur, locally known as Grants Pass Parkway, continues straight, bypassing downtown to end at I-5 exit 55. Both of these are signed in both directions as US 199, while signage on US 199 itself at the split only shows "OR 99 north" for the mainline through downtown and "to I-5" for the bypass. On I-5, exit 55 is marked as "US 199", but exit 58 is "OR 99 to US 199".^[2] The Oregon Transportation Commission's defined routing of US 199 takes it along the main Redwood Highway through downtown,^[6] and the OTC calls the spur to exit 55 "US 199 Spur",^[7] but, consistent with signs on I-5 (but not on the surface), the Oregon Department of Transportation calls the spur US 199^[8] and the downtown route OR 99 only.^[9]

The older route through downtown is a one-way pair on Sixth (southbound) and Seventh (northbound) Streets, entirely overlapping OR 99 to I-5 exit 58, where OR 99 continues with I-5 to the north. The Caveman Bridge, a concrete through arch bridge built in 1927, carries Sixth Street over the Rogue River, while the parallel Seventh Street Bridge is a utilitarian bridge from 1960. The Grants Pass Parkway (Redwood Spur) also crosses the river on a four-lane bridge built in 1990;^[10] before that bypass was completed, the spur began downtown on E (southbound) and F (northbound) Streets. Soon after the old and new routes join, the spur ends at a trumpet interchange with I-5 (exit 55).^[5]

History

By 1854, when it was incorporated, Crescent City had a population of 800 but no road leading inland. The Crescent City and Yreka Plank and Turnpike Company was incorporated at a meeting on June 10, and a survey was completed in October, but work stopped with the Panic of 1855. The corporation was revived in December 1856 as the Crescent City Plank Road and Turnpike Company, began construction of a plank road in 1857, and opened the road in May 1858. This road, shown on USGS topographic maps as Wimer Road, led northeast from Crescent City to the Smith River, where there was a toll booth, and then took a generally northerly route to near the state line, where it turned east, crossing back and forth between the states, to Oregon Mountain. There it turned northeast, following the Illinois River and branches past O'Brien and Waldo to north of Kerby. The final stretch ran easterly to Jacksonville via Wilderville, along the present US 199, Fish Hatchery Road, and OR 238.^[11][12][13]

Simpson-Reed redwood grove in Jedediah Smith State Park, along US 199 near Crescent City, California

A second road in California was built by Horace Gasquet, who acquired a stand of trees at the present site of Gasquet, California — where the North and Middle Forks of the Smith River converge — in 1857. In 1881, he began to build a corduroy road from what had become Gasquet Flats to the plank road at the state line near Oregon Mountain, shown as Old Gasquet Toll Road on USGS maps. Tolls were charged starting in 1882, and in 1887 the road was completed. Gasquet also built a free road from Gasquet Flats along the Smith River to the mouth of the South Fork, including a suspension bridge across that waterway, and Del Norte County extended it along the Smith River and Mill Creek and over Howland Summit to the Crescent City Plank Road just east of Crescent City.^[13][14]

As part of Oregon's initial state highway system, the road from Grants Pass southwest to Wilderville and then along the Crescent City Plank Road to the state line was named the Grants Pass-Crescent City Highway No. 25 in November 1917.^[15] At the time, the Grants Pass-Crescent City route, via the Gasquet Toll Road, was a narrow, winding unpaved mountain road with long grades and some remaining plank road in California.^[16] California added its portion to the state highway system in 1919, for the state's third highway bond issue, as an extension of Legislative Route 1.^[17] By 1924, the road was part of the Redwood Highway, which continued south to Sausalito,^[18] but was still completely unimproved between Crescent City and Waldo, Oregon.^[19] (Oregon changed the Grants Pass-Crescent City Highway name to Redwood Highway in May 1924.^[15]) A new highway between Gasquet and Kerby was completed by the two states in September 1926,^[20] and in June 1929 the new Hiouchi Bridge over the Smith River was dedicated, bypassing the remainder of the old road over Howland Hill.^[21] In 1948, US 199 became part of the Winnemucca to the Sea Highway, organized to promote the route that has largely become Nevada State Route 140 and Oregon Route 140 from I-80 at Winnemucca, Nevada to Crescent City.^[22] One major improvement to the highway's alignment was made after 1929: the Collier Tunnel replaced the winding route over Hazel View Summit in California on July 20, 1963.^[23]

Neither of the early designations — Highway 25 and Route 1 - was marked (signs posted by the California State Automobile Association used the Redwood Highway name), but in 1926 it became U.S. Route 199, a branch of US 99 from Grants Pass to US 101 in Crescent City.^[24][25] Oregon moved the Pacific Highway No. 1 from present OR 99 to I-5, which bypassed Grants Pass, in 1959, and the Redwood Highway No. 25 was extended north through downtown Grants Pass to I-5. A proposed branch on M Street to I-5 east of downtown was also included in Highway 25, but this was moved to the E and F Streets one-way pair in 1961.^[15] (I-5 here was built in the early 1960s,^[26] but US 99 remained on the old alignment.^[27]) On the California side of the state line, US 199 was added to the California Freeway and Expressway System in 1959^[28] and the State Scenic Highway System in 1963;^[29] in the 1964 renumbering the Route 1 designation was dropped, making Route 199 the legislative number.^[30] Although US 299 and US 399 became state routes in 1964, the shorter US 199, which crossed a state line, remained. US 99 has since become Oregon Route 99 through Grants Pass, and US 199 now ends at I-5. The spur east from downtown Grants Pass to I-5 was built at the same time as I-5,^[31] and in 1991 it was moved from E and F Streets to bypass downtown on the new Grants Pass Parkway.^[8]

Major intersections

Note: Except where prefixed with a letter, postmiles in California were measured in 1964, based on the alignment as it existed at that time, and do not necessarily reflect current mileage.

State	County	Location	Postmile Milepoint [1][32][2][33]	Destinations	Notes
California	Del Norte		T0.51	US 101 south – Crescent City	Southbound exit and northbound entrance
				North end of freeway
				To US 101 north / Elk Valley Cross Road – Oregon Coast
				Kings Valley Road, Parkway Drive (CR D2)
			4.37	SR 197 (North Bank Road) – Smith River
		Gasquet	T14.64	Gasquet Flat Road
		Patrick Creek	R22.07	Patricks Creek Road
			33.52	Collier Tunnel under Hazel View Summit
			36.41	California–Oregon state line
Oregon	Josephine		41.69
		Cave Junction	28.95	OR 46 – Oregon Caves National Monument
			8.79- 7.67	Old Redwood Highway to Fish Hatchery Road – Wilderville, Murphy
			7.09	Riverbanks Road (OR 260) – Robertson Bridge, Merlin, Griffin Park
		Grants Pass	0.20- 0.05	OR 238 – Murphy, Jacksonville
			0.35- 0.01	OR 99 south (Rogue River Highway) to I-5 (Redwood Spur) – Portland, Medford	South end of OR 99 overlap
			-0.87	To I-5 / F Street	Former Redwood Spur
			-0.94	E Street	Former Rogue River Loop Highway (Oregon Route 260)
			-2.63	Scoville Road	Interchange; northbound exit and southbound entrance
			-2.74	I-5 / OR 99 north – Portland, Medford	Interchange; north end of OR 99 overlap
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi      Concurrency terminus •      Closed/Former •      Incomplete access •      Unopened

Redwood Spur (Grants Pass Parkway)

All intersections are in Grants Pass, Josephine County.

Milepoint[2]	Destinations	Notes
-0.69	US 199 south – Rogue Community College, Cave Junction, Crescent City	Junction of the spur with the mainline
-0.64	OR 238 – Murphy, Jacksonville
-0.55	OR 99 south – Rogue River	No turn southbound onto OR 99 (that movement is made via Parkdale Drive)
-0.48	OR 99 north (US 199 north)	No turn northbound onto OR 99 (that movement is made by remaining on the US 199 mainline)
-0.03	Parkdale Drive, Park Street – Rogue River, Grants Pass City Center
0.24	M Street – Grants Pass City Center, Old Town
0.86	F Street – Grants Pass City Center, Old Town	Former Redwood Spur
1.99	I-5 – Portland, Medford	Interchange; northbound exit and southbound entrance
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi      Concurrency terminus •      Closed/Former •      Incomplete access •      Unopened

References

1. ^ ^{a b} California Department of Transportation, State Truck Route List (XLS file), accessed February 2008
2. ^ ^{a b c d} Oregon Department of Transportation, Public Road Inventory (primarily the Digital Video Log), accessed December 2007
3. ^ CA Codes (shc:250-257)
4. ^ CA Codes (shc:260-284)
5. ^ ^{a b c} Google Maps street maps and USGS topographic maps, accessed December 2007 via ACME Mapper
6. ^ Oregon Department of Transportation, Descriptions of US and OR Routes, July 2007
7. ^ Oregon Transportation Commission, Minutes of the Regular Monthly Meeting, August 16–17, 2005
8. ^ ^{a b} Oregon Department of Transportation, Bypass #7 - Grants Pass Parkway, US 199, Redwood Highway, Highway 25 (MP 0.35-0.25, Y-0.69-Y1.99)
9. ^ Oregon Department of Transportation, Grants Pass 7th Street Bridge Improvement Project, accessed December 2007
10. ^ National Bridge Inventory database, 2006
11. ^ Howard McKinley Corning, Dictionary of Oregon History, 1956, p. 127
12. ^ Roger Brandt, Illinois Valley News, Early day 'Road to the Sea' marked initial efforts to open valley-coastal commerce, March 15, 2006
13. ^ ^{a b} U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Division of History Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, Redwood National Park: History Basic Data, Chapter 9B: Roads, September 1, 1969
14. ^ Nancy Wey, National Park Service, A History of Chinese Americans in California: Gasquet Toll Road
15. ^ ^{a b c} Oregon Department of Transportation, History of State Highways in Oregon, January 2007, pp. 187-189
16. ^ Official Automobile Blue Book, Volume Eight, 1918, p. 163
17. ^ Howe & Peters, Engineers' Report to California State Automobile Association Covering the Work of the California Highway Commission for the Period 1911-1920, pp. 11-16
18. ^ Los Angeles Times, Splendid Camps Along the Road, May 18, 1924, p. F5
19. ^ Rand McNally Auto Road Atlas, 1926, accessed via the Broer Map Library
20. ^ Oakland Tribune, New Redwood Highway Completed, September 12, 1926
21. ^ Oakland Tribune, Governors to Dedicate New Hiouchi Span, June 21, 1929
22. ^ Nevada State Journal, June 15, 1948
23. ^ Independent Press-Telegram, July 21, 1963
24. ^ United States System of Highways, November 11, 1926
25. ^ United States Numbered Highways, American Highways (AASHO), April 1927
26. ^ Oregon State Highway Department, State Highway System, December 31, 1961 and 1962
27. ^ United States Geological Survey, Medford, Oregon (scale 1:250,000), 1963
28. ^ "An act to amend...the Streets and Highways Code, relating to state highways, providing for a California Freeway and Expressway System...", 1959 chapter 1062, p. 3112
29. ^ "An act...relating to the state scenic highway system.", 1963 chapter 1788, p. 3602
30. ^ "An act...relating to routes on the state highway system.", 1963 chapter 385, p. 1185
31. ^ National Bridge Inventory database, 2006
32. ^ California Department of Transportation, Log of Bridges on State Highways, July 2007
33. ^ California Department of Transportation, All Traffic Volumes on CSHS, 2005 and 2006

External links

• WestCoastRoads — U.S. Highway 199: California, Oregon
• California Highways: US 199
• End of U.S. Highway 199 (photos of current and former endpoints)
• California Highway Conditions: US 199