- Charybdis (genus)
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Charybdis 
Charybdis japonica Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Crustacea Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda Infraorder: Brachyura Family: Portunidae Genus: Charybdis
De Haan, 1833Type species Cancer sexdentatus Herbst, 1783 Charybdis is a genus of swimming crabs in the family Portunidae; "Charybdis" is Greek for whirlpool.
Contents
Species
The genus Charybdis contains the following species:[1]
- Subgenus Charybdis (Charybdis) De Haan, 1833
- Charybdis acuta (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869)
- Charybdis acutidens Türkay, 1986
- Charybdis affinis Dana, 1852
- Charybdis amboinensis Leene, 1938
- Charybdis anisodon (De Haan, 1850)
- Charybdis annulata (Fabricius, 1798)
- Charybdis beauforti Leene & Buitendijk, 1949
- Charybdis brevispinosa Leene, 1937
- Charybdis callianassa (Herbst, 1789)
- Charybdis cookei Rathbun, 1923
- Charybdis crosnieri Spiridonov & Türkay, 2001
- Charybdis curtilobus Stephenson & Rees, 1967
- Charybdis demani Leene, 1937
- Charybdis feriata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Charybdis gordonae Shen, 1934
- Charybdis granulata (De Haan, 1833)
- Charybdis hawaiensis Edmondson, 1954
- Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867)
- Charybdis heterodon Nobili, 1905
- Charybdis holosericus (Fabricius, 1787)
- Charybdis ihlei Leene & Buitendijk, 1949
- Charybdis incisa Rathbun, 1923
- Charybdis japonica (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861)
- Charybdis jaubertensis Rathbun, 1924
- Charybdis javaensis Zarenkov, 1970
- Charybdis lucifera (Fabricius, 1798)
- Charybdis meteor Spiridonov & Türkay, 2001
- Charybdis miles (De Haan, 1835)
- Charybdis natator (Herbst, 1794)
- Charybdis orientalis Dana, 1852
- Charybdis padadiana Ward, 1941
- Charybdis philippinensis Ward, 1941
- Charybdis rathbuni Leene, 1938
- Charybdis riversandersoni Alcock, 1899
- Charybdis rosea (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846)
- Charybdis rostrata (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861)
- Charybdis rufodactylus Stephenson & Rees, 1968
- Charybdis sagamiensis Parisi, 1916
- Charybdis salehensis Leene, 1938
- Charybdis seychellensis Crosnier, 1984
- Charybdis spinifera (Miers, 1884)
- Charybdis vannamei Ward, 1941
- Charybdis variegata (Fabricius, 1798)
- Charybdis yaldwyni Rees & Stephenson, 1967
- Subgenus Charybdis (Goniohellenus) Alcock, 1899
- Charybdis curtidentata Stephenson, 1967
- Charybdis hongkongensis Shen, 1934
- Charybdis hoplites (Wood-Mason, 1877)
- Charybdis longicollis Leene, 1938
- Charybdis omanensis Leene, 1938
- Charybdis ornata (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861)
- Charybdis padangensis Leene & Buitendijk, 1952
- Charybdis philippinensis Ward, 1941
- Charybdis pusilla Alcock, 1899
- Charybdis smithii MacLeay, 1838
- Charybdis truncata (Fabricius, 1798)
- Charybdis vadorum Alcock, 1899
- Subgenus Charybdis (Gonioneptunus) Ortmann, 1894
- Charybdis africana Shen, 1935
- Charybdis bimaculata (Miers, 1886)
- Charybdis orlik Zarenkov, 1970
- Subgenus Charybdis (Goniosupradens) Leene, 1938
- Charybdis acutifrons (De Man, 1879)
- Charybdis erythrodactyla (Lamarck, 1818)
- Charybdis obtusifrons Leene, 1937
- Charybdis paucidentata (A. Milne-Edwards)
- Charybdis sexdentata (Herbst, 1783)
Charybdis affinis
Charybdis affinis has a hexagonal, concave carapace with a yellowish-grey colour. This crab is found in the Indian Ocean and in the West Pacific.[2]
Charybdis feriata
Charybdis feriata is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, from Japan, China and Australia to Southern Africa and the Persian Gulf.[3] It is an edible crab and because of its large size, high quality of meat and relatively soft exoskeleton, it has a high commercial value. Attempts are being made to farm this crab using aquaculture.[4] In Hong Kong Cantonese it is known as the flowery crab (花蟹).[5] This name probably arises from its red and white colouring when cooked. This species of crab is also known as Charybdis feriatus and Charybdis cruciata,[3] and has also been found in the Mediterranean Sea. The specific epithet cruciata refers to the red cross on the carapace of this species. According to legend the Spanish Jesuit Saint Francis Xavier saw this crab in Indonesia. "A Ceram, écrit François-Xavier, un crabe sur la plage me rapporta entre ses pinces mon crucifix qu'une tempête avait arraché à mon cou. Depuis, en cette région, les crabes ont un crucifix imprimé sur leur carapace".[6]
Charybdis hellerii
Charybdis hellerii is characterised by a hexagonal, concave carapace with a mottled brownish-grey colour. This crab originates from the Indo-West Pacific, from the Red Sea to New Caledonia. However this crab has now also successively invaded the Western Atlantic (Florida to Brazil)[7] and the Mediterranean Sea.[8]
Charybdis japonica
Main article: Charybdis japonicaCharybdis japonica has a hexagonal, concave carapace around 12 centimetres (4.7 in) wide, the whole animal being pale green to olive green in colour. It occurs naturally in the waters around Japan, Korea and Malaysia, but has become an invasive species in New Zealand.
Charybdis longicollis
Charybdis longicollis is an invasive species from the Red Sea that invaded the Mediterranean Sea fifty years ago.[9]
Charybdis natator
Charybdis natator is characterised by a brownish upper surface with some white spots among the wafts or bright red granules. On its under surface it is bluish, mottled with white and pale red.[10] This crab is not a major target for commercial fishing.[11]
References
- ^ P. Davie & M. Türkay (2009). "Charybdis De Haan, 1833". World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=106923. Retrieved March 30, 2010.
- ^ K. H. Chu (1999). "Morphometric analysis and reproductive biology of the crab Charybdis affinis (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae) from the Zhujiang Estuary, China". Crustaceana 72 (7): 647–658. doi:10.1163/156854099503690.
- ^ a b P. Abellу & C. Hispano (2006). "The capture of the Indo-Pacific crab Charybdis feriata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Brachyura: Portunidae) in the Mediterranean Sea". Aquatic Invasions 1: 13–16. doi:10.3391/ai.2006.1.1.4. http://www.aquaticinvasions.ru/2006/AI_2006_1_1_Abello_Hispano.pdf.
- ^ F. D. Parado-Estepa, E. T. Quinitio & E. M. Rodriguez (2003). "Seed Production of the Crucifix Crab Charybdis feriatus". Aqua KE Government Documents VII (3): 37. http://govdocs.aquake.org/cgi/reprint/2003/1201/12010260.pdf.
- ^ C.-J. Shen (1997). "The Crabs of Hong Kong Part III". The Hong Kong Naturalist 10: 32–45. http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/27/2700149.pdf.
- ^ R. de Ceccatty (1985). L'extrémité du monde. Relation de saint François-Xavier sur ses voyages et sur sa vie. Paris. p. 113.
- ^ J. F. Dineen, P. F. Clark, A. H. Hines, S. A. Reed & H. P. Walton (2001). "Life history, larval description, and natural history of Charybdis hellerii (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae), an invasive crab in the western Atlantic". Journal of Crustacean Biology 21 (3): 774–805. doi:10.1651/0278-0372(2001)021[0774:LHLDAN]2.0.CO;2. http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1651%2F0278-0372(2001)021%5B0774%3ALHLDAN%5D2.0.CO%3B2.
- ^ "The Mediterranean Science Commission". http://www.ciesm.org/atlas/Charybdishelleri.html.
- ^ G. Innocenti, N. Pinter & B. S. Galil (2003). "Observations on the agonistic behavior of the swimming crab Charybdis longicollis Leene infected by the rhizocephalan barnacle Heterosaccus dollfusi Boschma". Canadian Journal of Zoology 81: 173–176. doi:10.1139/z02-226. http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/rp/rppdf/z02-226.pdf.
- ^ "Marine Iconography of the Philippines Archipelago". http://www.poppe-images.com/images/search_results.php?category=crabs&species=Charybdis%20natator.
- ^ "Hong Kong City University". http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~bhworm/Marine%20seafood/seafood/Species/sp8i.htm.
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