L.A. Noire

L.A. Noire
Official box art released worldwide
Developer(s)	Team Bondi Rockstar Games[1]
Publisher(s)	Rockstar Games
Director(s)	Brendan McNamara[2]
Writer(s)	Brendan McNamara[2]
Composer(s)	Andrew Hale and Simon Hale[3]
Engine	Custom[4] (including a combination of facial motion capture and animation software) Havok (Physics Engine)
Platform(s)	PlayStation 3[5] Xbox 360[6] Microsoft Windows
Release date(s)	PlayStation 3 & Xbox 360 NA 17 May 2011[7] AU 19 May 2011[8] EU 20 May 2011[9] JP 7 July 2011[10] Microsoft Windows NA 201111088 November 2011 EU 11 November 2011[11] AU 2011111111 November 2011
Genre(s)	Open world, third-person shooter, action-adventure, Film Noir
Mode(s)	Single-player
Rating(s)	ACB: MA15+[12] BBFC: 18[13] ESRB: M[14] PEGI: 18 USK: 16
Media/distribution	Blu-ray Disc, 3 DVD-DLs,[15] Download (PC)[16]
System requirements See Development section

L.A. Noire (pronounced /ˈɛl ˈɛɪ nwaʁ/) is a 2011 crime video game developed by Team Bondi and published by Rockstar Games. It was released for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows. It was released as a 3-disc game for the Xbox 360 console, which prompts the player to switch to another disc at certain points in the story.^[6][17][18] L.A. Noire is set in Los Angeles in 1947 and challenges the player, controlling a Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) detective, to solve a range of cases across five crime desks.^[17] Players must investigate crime scenes for clues, follow up leads, and interrogate suspects, and the players' success at these activities will impact how much of the cases' stories are revealed.

As the title suggests, the game draws heavily from both plot and aesthetic elements of film noir – stylistic films from the 1940s and 1950s that shared similar visual styles and themes including crime, sex, and moral ambiguity and were often shot in black and white with harsh, low-key lighting. The game uses a distinctive colouring-style in homage to the visual style of film noir, including the option to play the game in black-and-white. The post-war setting is the backdrop for plot elements that reference the detective films of the '40s (as well as James Ellroy's novel L.A. Confidential and the Curtis Hanson film based on it), such as corruption and drugs, with a jazz soundtrack. L.A. Noire is also notable for using Lightsprint's real-time global illumination technology, as well as Depth Analysis's newly developed technology for the film and video game industries called MotionScan, where actors are recorded by 32 surrounding cameras to capture facial expressions from every angle.^[19][20] The technology is central to the game's interrogation mechanic, as players must use the suspects' reactions to questioning to judge whether they are lying or not.

L.A. Noire is the first video game to be shown at the Tribeca Film Festival.^[21][22] Upon release, the game received critical acclaim.

Gameplay

Phelps interrogating a witness at a crime scene. Part of the gameplay includes interrogating both witnesses and suspects in order to progress through the case.

The game takes place in 1947 Los Angeles, a city of glamour, fame, and wealth, but also where crime, vice, and corruption are rife. The player assumes the role of LAPD Police Officer and later Detective Cole Phelps.^[23][24] The game starts with Phelps as a uniformed patrolman,^[25] and follows his career as he advances through the police department bureaus of Traffic, Homicide, Vice and Arson. Instead of missions or levels, each new bureau gives the player a new partner who will help Phelps in his investigations. After each case, the player will receive a rating of 1-5 stars depending on their performance in both interrogations and searching for clues. When searching an area for clues to the crime, in some cases, players can also find newspapers. Besides reading the story, the newspaper give access to a short cinematic that covers a part of the game's overarching plot or a flashback to Phelp's war memories.

The game blends investigative elements such as mystery and crime solving, with fast-paced action sequences, including on-foot and car chases, hand-to-hand combat, interrogations and gunfights.^[23] In addition to the storyline missions, the player can work on optional side-investigations known as Street Crimes. The player can travel on foot, as well as in various vehicles. The player also has a total of ten detective suits available; an initial six, plus another four downloadable ones. The suits are equipped with special abilities, such as increased damage protection and increased aim when firing a gun.

If the player is having trouble completing an action sequence, after three failed attempts, they will have the option to skip past and continue through the narrative.^[26]

Unlike Rockstar's Grand Theft Auto series, the player cannot freely create chaos and kill civilians with weapons and cars, as the character is a police detective, but players are allowed to commandeer civilian cars, and cause property damage up to a certain extent, although doing so will cause a significantly negative impact on the player's mission score. Weapons are only allowed in appropriate circumstances and only when a player is working on a case where a weapon is warranted. The game features a free roam mode called "The Streets of L.A.", which is unlocked on completion of a quest. In this mode, players can solve street crimes, search for gold film reels and badges or just drive around the city.^[27]

Synopsis

Cole Phelps, the central character in L.A. Noire

L.A. Noire tells the story of Cole Phelps, an LAPD detective who is troubled by his actions in World War II. Phelps is from San Francisco and is a Stanford University graduate who enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1942. Along with fellow Marine Jack Kelso, the two often clashed over matters regarding military procedure. The events of L.A. Noire take place after the end of World War II, following Phelps as a police officer. Kelso has moved on to become a private investigator for the insurance company California Fire and Life, who hopes to put the demons of the war to rest as well.

Phelps served as a Second Lieutenant in the 6th Marine Division in the Battle of Okinawa, where he witnessed his fellow soldiers killed by Japanese soldiers on Sugar Loaf Hill. When he witnessed this, Phelps went into shock and spent the whole battle curled up in a fox-hole, until he was found by Kelso the next morning. For his actions, Phelps was awarded the Silver Star and was promoted to First Lieutenant, finally achieving status as a war hero. However, Phelps was disregarded by his unit and was seen as a coward to them. Phelps was ashamed of this throughout his life and he wished to prove his courage to the other Marines later on.

Near the end of the Battle of Okinawa, Phelps was given orders to clear out any houses or caves that may be housing Japanese soldiers. Eventually, Phelps came upon a large cave that he suspected to be holding soldiers, and he requisitioned a flamethrower from another squad in order to clear it out, wanting to "do it by the numbers." When flamethrower Corporal Ira Hogeboom showed up, he advanced upon the cave and had it burned. Soon after, Phelps and his squad realized the cave was a makeshift medical hospital for innocent Japanese civilians. Phelps, with his squad hysterical and panicking himself, ordered his men to execute the civilians to "put them out of their misery" and then leave the cave. Pushed to the breaking point by Cole's orders, medic Courtney Sheldon shoots Cole in the back. Kelso orders for Phelps to be taken to an Army field hospital and then tells the men to never speak about what had happened.

The game begins with Phelps on the Patrol Desk at the LAPD Wilshire Division 7 Police Station as a new member of the Los Angeles Police Department in Los Angeles in 1947, investigating a murder with his new partner, Officer Ralph Dunn. After catching the killer, Phelps discovers a pay-out notebook, which contains the name of an LAPD Homicide detective who is in charge of the case, Floyd Rose, whom the two dislike. Despite this, Phelps calls in the dispute, even though he thinks that the detective might be corrupt. Phelps then continues to work as a patrolman. After successfully interrogating a murder suspect and bringing him to justice, the Captain of the Homicide Desk gives Cole a promotion to the Traffic Desk of the LAPD.

Now a detective, Phelps receives his new partner, Detective Stefan Bekowsky. The two then solve a case involving a man who faked his own death, catch a double-homicide suspect involved in a hit-and-run, and finally bring to justice a film producer responsible for statutory rape and attempted murder. Phelps is then promoted to the Burglary Desk of the LAPD. Phelps also meets the corrupt Vice Desk Detective Roy Earle on the desk, who introduces Cole to an emotionally damaged German lounge singer, Elsa Lichtmann, at a Hollywood jazz club.

After serving six months at Burglary, Phelps is once again promoted, this time to Homicide, where he and his new veteran and old school partner, Detective Finbarr "Rusty" Galloway solve a series of very similar and gruesome murders committed by a serial killer: the same man who killed Elizabeth Short in The Black Dahlia murder that same year. At first, Galloway believes all the murders to have been committed by the victim's husband or boyfriend, and believes that each is only a copy-cat of the previous, with no connection at all. Finally, however, they realise, after arresting five innocent men, that the murders were committed by one man. The two then track him to an abandoned church catacombs, following a trail of notes and clues left by the killer. They discover the killer is one of the bartenders Cole spoke with while investigating one of the first murders, who strung the two along. Once he is killed, Captain Donnelly dismisses the case and releases the innocent quietly, explaining that the killer is a relative of one of the most powerful politicians in the country, and that releasing the information could cause a massive scandal.

Phelps is then promoted to the Vice Desk. He and his new partner, corrupt Chief Detective Roy Earle, succeed in halting Los Angeles's government-issued morphine and marijuana drug trade, and bringing down several drug dealers, including associates of mobster, Mickey Cohen. However, Phelps's past comes back to haunt him when a U.S. Marine from his former unit is found brutally shot dead. Phelps then discovers many of his former squad members are being assassinated as well, and after meeting with his old comrade, Jack Kelso, Phelps deduces that the men in his unit were selling morphine on the street after stealing a large supply from the U.S.S. Coolridge, a ship that carried Phelps' unit back to Los Angeles at the end of World War II. The men are being killed by the mob, who currently controls the drug trade and refuse to have competition. At the same time, Phelps begins a love affair outside of his marriage with Elsa. Because of the corrupt actions taken by the LAPD, Roy agrees to disclose Phelps' affair to get the public eye away from the corrupt members of city hall and the LAPD, including the mayor, police chief, and himself as a distraction. Because of this, prior to the conclusion of the drug trade by the members of his former unit, Phelps is removed from the case, suspended, and later demoted to Arson.

On the Arson Desk, Phelps partners with cynical World War I veteran Herschel Biggs, an expert on fires. Trying to reattain his former glory, Phelps investigates a series of house fires which he believes to be caused by an arsonist working for a company called Elysian Fields Development. Elysian Fields is running a program known as "The Suburban Redevelopment Fund," which hopes to build houses for homecoming American servicemen while obtaining more land. However, many of the houses made by the Suburban Redevelopment Fund keep burning down, and Phelps believes that Elysian Fields is burning down the houses as part of an insurance scam.

Initially, Phelps makes progress with Herschel on the case, but he is warned off by Roy Earle, who is on the Elysian payroll. Realising there is no way to investigate further by himself, Phelps manages to get Jack Kelso to work with him and Herschel (Kelso works as an insurance investigator for California Fire and Life.) Through their work, they manage to not only topple Elysian Fields, but also the morphine case from Vice (the money made from selling the morphine was being invested in the Suburban Redevelopment Fund.) They also discover that the Suburban Redevelopment Fund is much more than an insurance scam. It is a scam in which houses are overly insured by California Fire and Life, then cleared to make way for a new highway, resulting in complete recompense for the owners and a turnover of millions of dollars for the members of the fund. Eventually, Kelso finds out that the identity of the mysterious arsonist is Ira Hogeboom, the flamethrower in Phelp's squad. After the war, Hogeboom suffered from extreme guilt and mental anguish due to his actions in the war. Elysian used him to burn down the houses, but he eventually became out of control, burning down houses that he was not told to burn and sometimes with the families still in the house. Hogeboom believed that by burning houses, he was helping people be together, and uniting them with God faster.

While hunting down the arsonist, Kelso finds out that Hogeboom has taken Elsa to the Los Angeles River Tunnels where he is trying to hide. Phelps and Kelso race to the River Tunnels and fight their way through corrupt policemen and thugs trying to silence all of them from uncovering the Suburban Redevelopment Fund scam. Due to a heavy rain, the waters in the sewer continue to rise to a dangerously high level. Eventually, they find Hogeboom and Elsa hiding from the thugs in the tunnels. Phelps, Kelso, and Elsa flee from the tunnels after Kelso puts Hogeboom out of his misery. Eventually, the trio finds an open manhole that Hershel uses to lift Elsa up from the surface. As the water begins to rise, Phelps voluntarily lifts Kelso to the surface as well, sacrificing himself (as there is no one else to help Phelps) and before a current sweeps him through the tunnels, causing him to apparently drown in the torrent; He says a final goodbye to his comrades.

The game cuts to days later; Phelps' memorial service takes place and all of Phelps' partners attend along with Kelso, Elsa, and his ex-wife and children. As Roy Earle delivers the eulogy, it is shown that many of the corrupt police officers and politicians are in attendance. As Roy delivers a eulogy, Elsa stands up and berates him for belittling Cole's memory, and she subsequently walks out. Before going after her, Herschel tells Kelso that Kelso was never Cole's friend. Kelso replies that they were also never enemies. Hershel tells him that Cole knew that and then walks out as well. An end credits sequence shows the members of the Sixth Platoon on the way home from China on the USS Coolridge, planning the morphine theft. While reading the paper, the soldiers learn of Cole's success as a police officer, and become jealous that they are not remembered as heroes in such a way. Kelso tells the other Marines that no matter how anyone else views them, he will always remember them as heroes, but that if they steal the morphine and go down a path of crime, they will become nothing. Unfortunately, the theft goes as planned, laying the foundation for much of the game's story.

Development

System requirements
Requirements Microsoft Windows Operating system Windows 7 / Windows Vista Service Pack 1 / Windows XP Service Pack 3 CPU Intel Dual Core 2.2 GHz / AMD Dual Core 2.4 GHz Memory 2 GB Hard drive space 16 GB Graphics hardware NVIDIA GeForce 8600 GT 512 MB / ATI Radeon HD 3000 512 MB Sound hardware DirectX compliant Sound card

In February 2004, Brendan McNamara, Team Bondi's president, responded to an interview with Kristen Reed that "the project is wholly funded by Sony Computer Entertainment America. We have a long-term exclusive arrangement with SCEA."^[28] In October 2005, Brendan McNamara, director of the PlayStation 2 game The Getaway, left his position at Team Soho in London to form his own studio in his native Australia. The former employee of SCEE named the new six-person studio Team Bondi and immediately announced that the company had begun work on its first project, a game for "a next-generation Sony platform." In June 2005, the developer revealed that the game will be called L.A. Noire, and it will be an exclusive PlayStation 3 title. Little was known about the game except that it was described as a "detective thriller." It was also revealed that Team Bondi was in an exclusive agreement with Sony to produce two more PlayStation 3 games.^[29]

In September 2006, Rockstar Games announced that it will be publishing the debut title from Australian studio Team Bondi, L.A. Noire. While the game was originally revealed as a PlayStation 3 game to be published by Sony, Rockstar's announcement only referred to it as a "next-generation crime thriller," with no platforms specified.^[30] On 11 June 2007, Take-Two Interactive, the sole publisher of Rockstar Games, re-confirmed the release of the PlayStation 3 version by listing it amongst its "announced to date" titles for "fiscal 2008" in a press release regarding the company's second quarter financial results.^[5] However, during the shareholders conference-call, a spokesperson for Take Two implied that both PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 releases were likely and that "L.A. Noire is being developed for next-generation systems."^[31] At that point, however, L.A. Noire had only been officially announced for the PlayStation 3.

On 10 September 2007, as part of their Q3 2007 financial disclosure, Take Two announced the game had been delayed until their 2009 fiscal year.^[32] On 21 January 2010, in a Question and Answer section on their blog, Rockstar said "There will be something great to see soon – a proper in-depth look at the game and why it is so ground-breaking and innovative, both in terms of the game's design and the amazing new technology to support it. Expect to see a long-awaited reveal via a big cover story next month."^[33] On 4 February it was announced that L.A. Noire would be on the cover of the March 2010 issue of Game Informer, which confirmed that the game would also be available on Xbox 360 and it will arrive in September 2010. The issue of Game Informer arrived with the long-in-development mystery game's film-noir-style visuals splashed across the cover.^[17][34] On 3 March 2010, Take-Two confirmed that L.A. Noire will be released during the August-October quarter.^[35] On 2 September 2010, Tako-Two delayed the game to first half of calendar 2011.^[36]

An in-game trailer was released on 11 November 2010, which subsequently confirmed the release date as Q1/Q2 2011.^[37][38] L.A. Noire was featured on the cover of the February 2011 edition of PlayStation: The Official Magazine, which confirmed that the game would be released sometime in March 2011.^[39] However, several US retailers listed 5 April as the launch date, though Rockstar had "no comment."^[40] A trailer for L.A. Noire, called "Serial Killer", was leaked on 22 January 2011, two days before its planned official release. It showed 90 seconds of new gameplay footage as well as a release date. Take-Two later had the video removed from websites, citing copyright infringement. The video noted that L.A. Noire will be released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on 17 May.^[7]

L.A. Noire has a considerable amount of voice work, over 20 hours according to Game Informer. Aaron Staton from Mad Men lent his voice and likeness to the main character, Cole Phelps.^[41][42]

Team Bondi recreated 1940s' Los Angeles by using aerial photographs taken by Robert Spence.^[43] In a career spanning over 50 years, Spence took over 110,000 aerial photographs of Los Angeles.^[44] The developers used Spence's photographs to create traffic patterns and public transport routes as well as the location and condition of buildings.^[43] While striving to recreate an accurate model of 1947 Los Angeles, the developers also took some artistic licence, such as including the appearance of the film set for D. W. Griffith's Intolerance; the set had actually been dismantled in 1919.^[45][46]

On 23 June 2011, it was announced that a PC version is in development by Rockstar Leeds for a Q3/Q4 2011 release. Enhancements include keyboard remapping and gamepad functionality, increased fidelity, improved graphical enhancements, and stereoscopic 3D support.^[47] On 28 September, Rockstar officially announced the L.A. Noire: The Complete Edition for launch on 8 November in the US and 11 November in Europe on PC, Steam and OnLive. In addition to the original full game, The Complete Edition comes with a multi-use code to access all downloadable add-ons and cases. This includes all previously released DLC from the console versions, including: the Nicholson Electroplating Arson case, Reefer Madness Vice case, The Consul’s Car Traffic case, The Naked City vice case (heavily based on Jules Dassin's 1948 film of the same name) and A Slip of the Tongue Traffic case.^[48]

Staff complaints

At the start of June 2011, a group of former Team Bondi employees launched a website called lanoirecredits.com, which contained 100 extra employee names that had not been in the game's credits list or that had been incorrectly listed in it. The majority of the names were employees that had either left Team Bondi or been made redundant as the game reached completion. The omission of the names "went against the International Game Developers Association’s (IGDA) framework for games crediting which aims for ethical representation of those who contribute to games of all sizes."^[49][50][51]

Just over a month after L.A. Noire's release, an article was published on IGN Australia entitled "Why Did L.A. Noire Take Seven Years to Make?". The article contained quotes from 11 anonymous ex-Team Bondi employees, who discussed the managerial style of the studio, the studio's staff turnover rates, and the working hours and conditions associated with L.A. Noire. The article also interviewed Team Bondi studio head Brendan McNamara, as well as Erin Hoffman, the author of the "EA Spouse" blog, which focused similar attention on the labour practices of Electronic Arts in 2004.^[52] Further internal emails, and comments from staff members were released in July 2011 on Gamesindustry.biz.^[53] Lead programmer, Dave Heironymus claimed that ex-staff members were on a mission to 'destroy Team Bondi' by ruining its reputation, and that the studio would learn from its mistakes.^[54]

A week after the IGN article was published, the IGDA announced that it would investigate the claims over working conditions at Team Bondi; with IGDA chairman Brian Robbins saying, "Certainly reports of 12-hour a day, lengthy crunch time, if true, are absolutely unacceptable and harmful to the individuals involved, the final product, and the industry as a whole."^[55][56]

In July 2011, two more former employees came forward and offered up internal e-mails which they claim is further evidence of these allegations; the e-mails highlight the contentious relationship between Bondi and Rockstar and indicate that the two companies are unlikely to work together again.^[57] Speaking about this situation, an unnamed source who worked with Team Bondi stated that "I've heard a lot about Rockstar's disdain for Team Bondi, and it has been made quite clear that they will not publish Team Bondi's next game. Team Bondi are trying to find another publisher for their next title, but the relationship with Rockstar has been badly damaged -- Brendan treats L.A. Noire like a success due to his vision but I think Rockstar are the ones who saved the project. They continued to sink money into L.A. Noire, and their marketing was fantastic. Without their continued support, Team Bondi would have gone under several years ago."^[58] The same source also claimed that:

"Rockstar also made a huge contribution to the development; their producers were increasingly influential over the last two years of the game's development, and overruled many of the insane decisions made by Team Bondi management. At a lower level, Rockstar also pitched in with programmers, animators, artists, QA, etc. Part of the conflict between Team Bondi and Rockstar was due to Rockstar's frustration with Team Bondi's direction, and eventually Team Bondi's management in turn resented Rockstar for taking lots of creative control. It's also worth pointing out that Rockstar used to be very keen on making Team Bondi something like 'Rockstar Sydney' - the more they worked with Team Bondi management, the more they came to understand that this was a terrible idea. I have a few logs (see below) that show the relationship souring."

One of the logs, an email from Team Bondi boss Brendan McNamara to the rest of the studio, shows disagreement between McNamara and Rockstar over pulling out of 2010's E3. A second log is a bit more fiery and shows McNamara's reaction to a Rockstar redesign of the L.A Noire logo and the lack of a Team Bondi logo on the game announcement.^[59]

On 9 August 2011, numerous outlets reported that Team Bondi's intellectual property and assets had been sold to Sydney-based multimedia production firm Kennedy Miller Mitchell. However a transfer of ownership to KMM plays out, it won't include the L.A. Noire name, as that intellectual property is owned by Rockstar Games.^[60]

According to forms lodged with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, Team Bondi was placed into administration on 30 August 2011.^[61][62]

On 2 October 2011, Team Bondi officially closed. A liquidator has been appointed to wind up the company at the request of creditors, according to documents filed with the Australian Securities And Investments Commission. The liquidator will handle the sale of Team Bondi's remaining assets and payment of outstanding debts.^[63][64][65]

On 7 October 2011, it was revealed by documents provided to the Australian Securities And Investments Commission that Team Bondi creditor owed £900k, with unpaid wages or bonuses accounted for over 75 percent of the L.A. Noire developer's debt. 33 staff credited for their work on the Rockstar game were owed a combined $1,074,283.28 (£678,459) in unpaid wages or bonuses. Among those, studio head Brendan McNamara claimed to be owed $102,495.16, general manager Vicky Lord $99,155.21 and gameplay lead David Heironymus $43,652. Depth Analysis, McNamara's Sydney-based firm that developed MotionScan, L.A. Noire's facial animation technology, is also reported to be owed $145,795.83.^[66]

Cast

Name	Title	Portrayed by	Role
Cole Phelps	LAPD Police Officer and later Detective	Aaron Staton	Protagonist
Jack Kelso	Insurance Investigator (later DA's Investigator)	Gil McKinney	Deuteragonist
Finbarr "Rusty" Galloway	LAPD Homicide Detective	Michael McGrady	Partner
Roy Earle	LAPD Chief Detective, Admin. Vice Squad	Adam Harrington	Partner, Secondary Antagonist
Herschel Biggs	LAPD Arson Detective	Keith Szarabajka	Partner
Stefan Bekowsky	LAPD Traffic (later Homicide) Detective	Sean McGowan	Partner
Ralph Dunn	LAPD Patrolman	Rodney Scott	Partner
Elsa Lichtmann	Club Singer	Erika Heynatz	Phelps' Love Interest
Leland Monroe	Land Developer	John Noble	Secondary Antagonist
Dr. Harlan Fontaine	Doctor	Peter Blomquist	Primary Antagonist
Dr. Malcolm "Mal" Carruthers	L.A. County Coroner	Andy Umberger	Coroner
Mickey Cohen	Jewish Mafia Kingpin	Patrick Fischler	Secondary Antagonist
Johnny Stompanato	Right-Hand Man and Bodyguard of Mickey Cohen	Andy Davoli	Minor Antagonist
Garrett Mason	"Werewolf"/Black Dahlia Serial killer	Andrew Lukich	Secondary Antagonist
James Donnelly	LAPD Homicide Captain	Andrew Connolly	Phelps' Captain, Homicide
Lachlan McKelty	LAPD Arson Captain	Randy Oglesby	Phelps' Captain, Arson
Gordon Leary	LAPD Traffic Captain	Ned Vaughn	Phelps' Captain, Traffic
Lt. Taylor	LAPD Bunco/Burglary Lieutenant	Unknown	Phelps' Lieutenant for deleted Bunco or Burglary desks
Lazarus Cafarelli	LAPD Vice Captain(Unseen)	Unknown	Phelps' Captain, Vice
Courtney Sheldon	Medical Student	Chad Todhunter	Secondary Antagonist
Archibald Colmyer	LAPD Vice Lieutenant	Steve Rankin	Phelps' Lieutenant, Vice
Mel Fleischer	LAPD Watch Commander	Michael Emanuel	Phelps' Watch Commander
Ira Hogeboom	Former U.S. Marine	J. Marvin Campbell	Tertiary Antagonist
Jacob Henry		Scott MacDonald	Husband of murder victim
Albert Lynch	LAFD Fire Investigator	Albert Shamus Wiles	Fire Investigator, Arson
Ray Pinker	LAPD Technical Services Investigator	JD Cullum	Crime Scene Investigator
Heather Swanson		Erin Chambers	Person of interest in the pre-order DLC case "The Naked City"
Henry Arnett		Matthew Del Negro	Director of the Arnett Clothing Emporium
Vernon Mapes		Jack Conley	Corrupt Detective, Vice
Grosvenor McCaffrey		Chris J. Johnson	Suspect in Murder Case
James Tiernan		Will Collyer	Murder suspect
Hugo Moller		Greg Grunberg	Husband of Murder Victim
Leroy Sabo		Jeffrey Vincent Parise	Owner of Ray's Cafe
Eli Rooney		Courtney Gains	Murder Suspect
Lorna Pattison		Kate Norby	Wife of Murder Victim
Dudley Lynch		Michael Gladis	Person of Interest in a Traffic case
Shannon Perry		Amanda Booth	Person of Interest in a Traffic case
Carlo Arquero		Jim Pirri	Person of Interest and murderer of Candy Edwards
Candy Edwards		Jessica Kiper	Person of Interest in a Vice desk case
Gordon Leitvol		Michael Chieffo
Frank Morgan		William O'Leary	Suspect in murder case
Walter Clemens		Vincent Kartheiser	Insta-Heat Employee, arson suspect
Matthew Ryan		Eric Nenninger	Insta-Heat Employee, arson suspect
Reginald Varley		Jamie Martz	Insta-Heat Employee, arson suspect
Enrique Gonzales	LAPD Patrolman	Alexis Cruz
William Shelton		Ron Morehouse	Murder Suspect
Walter Beckett		Matthew Alan	Ex-Marine
Michael Driscoll		Evan Helmuth	Ex-Marine
Clem Feeney		Brian Krause	Murder Suspect
Patrick Connolly		Jonathan Chase	Ex-Marine
Felix Alvarro		Manny Montana	Ex-Marine
Christopher Majewski		Blake Griffin	Ex-Marine

Clem Feeney Brian Krause Murder Suspect

Soundtrack

L.A. Noire Original Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by Various artists
Released	17 May 2011
Recorded	Abbey Road Studios
Genre	Video game soundtrack
Length	55:21
Label	Rockstar Games

L.A. Noire's soundtrack consists of an original score by Andrew Hale and Simon Hale, as well as original 1940s style songs composed by The Real Tuesday Weld and sung by Claudia Brücken.^[67]

No.	Title	Artist	Length
1.	"Main Theme"	Andrew Hale	3:06
2.	"New Beginning, Pt. 1"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	1:06
3.	"New Beginning, Pt. 2"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	1:25
4.	"New Beginning, Pt. 3"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	3:18
5.	"Minor 9th"	Andrew Hale	2:50
6.	"Pride of the Job, Pt. 1"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	2:38
7.	"Pride of the Job, Pt. 2"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	2:32
8.	"Noire Clarinet"	Andrew Hale	2:33
9.	"Temptation, Pt. 1"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	1:14
10.	"Temptation, Pt. 2"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	2:12
11.	"Temptation, Pt. 3"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	0:52
12.	"J.J."	Andrew Hale & Fly	1:30
13.	"Redemption, Pt. 1"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	1:07
14.	"Redemption, Pt. 2"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	2:28
15.	"Redemption, Pt. 3"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	1:21
16.	"Slow Brood"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	2:20
17.	"Use and Abuse, Pt. 1"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	1:26
18.	"Use and Abuse, Pt. 2"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	0:49
19.	"Use and Abuse, Pt. 3"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	0:38
20.	"Use and Abuse, Pt. 4"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	1:21
21.	"Fall from Grace, Pt. 1"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	1:44
22.	"Fall from Grace, Pt. 2"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	1:13
23.	"Murder Brood, Pt. 1"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	2:34
24.	"Murder Brood, Pt. 2"	Andrew Hale & Simon Hale	2:18
25.	"Main Theme (Redux)"	Andrew Hale	1:25
26.	"(I Always Kill) The Things I Love"	Claudia Brücken & The Real Tuesday Weld	2:55
27.	"Guilty"	Claudia Brücken & The Real Tuesday Weld	2:14
28.	"Torched Song"	Claudia Brücken & The Real Tuesday Weld	4:12
Total length:			55:21

Remix Album

L.A. Noire Remixed Project EP
Remix album by Various artists
Released	17 May 2011
Recorded	Verve Records
Genre	Remix album
Length	24:19
Label	Rockstar Games

A second soundtrack album for the game was also released, consisting of six jazz classics from the era, remixed by modern DJs. Advertised as a "special installment" of the Verve Remixed Series, the album includes songs by artists of the period, such as Billie Holiday, Dinah Washington, Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong, remixed by DJs such as Ticklah, DJ Premier, and Moodymann.^[68]

No.	Title	Original Artist	Length
1.	"Stone Cold Dead in the Market (Ticklah remix)"	Ella Fitzgerald & Louis Jordan	4:17
2.	"Hey! Ba-Ba-Re-Bop (Midnight Sun remix)"	Lionel Hampton & his orchestra	5:57
3.	"A Slick Chick (Maximum Balloon remix)"	Dinah Washington	2:57
4.	"Ain't Nobody Here But Us Chickens (DJ Premier remix)"	Louis Jordan	2:37
5.	"Sing Sing Sing (Truth & Soul remix)"	Gene Krupa	4:19
6.	"That Ole Devil Called Love (Moodymann remix)"	Billie Holiday	4:16
Total length:			24:19

Marketing and release

Rockstar ran a competition to win a trip to Los Angeles to attend the Festival of Film Noir at the Egyptian Theatre (which is actually featured in-game as a location), take an Esotouric Black Dahlia bus tour, and play the game a month before its official release.

On 29 March 2011, Take 2 Interactive announced that L.A. Noire had been selected to be shown at the Tribeca Film Festival, the first videogame to be recognised by the festival.^[21] L.A. Noire was screened as a sixty minute long film on 25 April 2011, followed by a question and answer session on the game's story and the technology used to make the game.^[22]

On 6 June 2011, Rockstar published L.A. Noire: The Collected Stories, a collection of short stories from noted crime authors, all based on the L.A. Noire universe.^[69][70]

Downloadable content

On 25 February 2011 Rockstar announced a number of additional game content rewards for people who pre-ordered the game. The content differed depending upon retailer:

• The Naked City: A bonus Vice case where Phelps investigates the apparent drugging and murder of a fashion model. It also contains the "Badge Pursuit Challenge" where the player is tasked with finding 20 police badges hidden around the city. Upon completing the task the player is rewarded with the "Button Man" suit; an in-game piece of clothing that allows the player to carry extra ammo for all weapons in the game. During the challenge, each badge will add 5 XP points to the player's abilities, which will help to unlock Intuition Points that can be used to give an investigative advantage in-game.^[71]

• "The Broderick": A detective suit that boosts Phelps' fighting ability as well as his resistance to damage.
• A Slip of the Tongue: A bonus Traffic case where a simple car theft escalates into a large scale investigation into one of the largest car fraud rackets in the city's history.
• "The Sharpshooter": A suit that enhances Phelps' aim with pistols and rifles.
• "The Chicago Piano": A machine gun favoured for its reliability, ergonomics, compact size, large 45-round magazine, and high rate of automatic fire. This bonus weapon will be stored in the boot of Phelps' car throughout L.A. Noire.^[71]
• "The Chicago Lightning": A bonus suit available to players that sign up for the Rockstar Social Club. It enhances the player's accuracy with automatics and shotguns.
• "The Badge Pursuit Challenge": A bonus side quest in order to find 20 badges throughout the city. If all the badges are found, a bonus suit called "Button Man" is unlocked.
• There were also other promotions involving T-Shirts and vouchers.^[71]

In addition to the pre-order bonuses, all new copies of L.A. Noire bought for the PlayStation 3 in North America came with an extra Traffic desk case, The Consul's Car. It involves the stolen Packard of the Argentine Consul General to Los Angeles. The Consul's Car episode became available to download from PlayStation Store on 27 July 2011.^[72]

Rockstar Pass

All of the downloadable content, with the exception of The Consul's Car, became available to the general public on 31 May 2011. Each item was released individually, as well as in a pack called the "Rockstar Pass". The "Rockstar Pass" also includes access to two post-launch downloadable content cases: Nicholson Electroplating, an Arson case that was released on 21 June 2011 and Reefer Madness, a Vice case released on 12 July 2011. Both cases were also released individually.^[73]

Rockstar is one of the first game companies to introduce a Season Pass for DLC. The concept is described as "a long term, pre-paid, post-launch downloadable content plan," which is later used by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment for Mortal Kombat and by Microsoft Studios for Age of Empires Online and Gears of War 3.^[74][75]

The Complete Edition

On 28 September 2011, Rockstar Games announced a PC version of L.A. Noire, dubbed "The Complete Edition", which contained all of the previous DLC from the game, including the 'Nicholson Electroplating' Arson case, 'Reefer Madness' Vice case, 'The Consul's Car' Traffic case, 'The Naked City' Vice case, 'A Slip of the Tongue' Traffic case, The Badge Pursuit Challenge, and all weapons and outfits released to date.^[76]

The game was released on 8 November in North America, and 11 November internationally. On 20 October 2011, Rockstar announced that the same edition would be available for consoles a week after the PC release, on 15 November in North America, and 18 November internationally.^[77]

Reception

Reception
Aggregate scores
Aggregator	Score
GameRankings	(PS3) 88.23%[78] (X360) 87.72%[79]
Metacritic	(PS3) 89/100[80] (X360) 89/100[81]
Review scores
Publication	Score
1UP.com	A[82]
Edge	8/10[83]
Eurogamer	8/10[3]
Famitsu	39/40[10]
Game Informer	8.75/10 [84]
GamePro	[85]
GamesMaster	92%[80]
GameSpot	9/10[86]
GameSpy	[87]
GamesRadar	9/10[88]
GameZone	8.5/10[89]
IGN	8.5/10[90]
Official PlayStation Magazine (US)	9/10[80]
Official PlayStation Magazine (UK)	9/10
Official Xbox Magazine	8/10[81]
PSM3	9.3/10[80]
X-Play	[91]
Joystiq	[92]
Giant Bomb	[93]
Guardian	[94]

L.A. Noire received positive reviews. L.A. Noire holds an overall score of 89 out of 100 on Metacritic for both platforms.^[80][81] GameRankings rated the PlayStation 3 version 88.23%,^[78] and the Xbox 360 version 87.72%.^[79] L.A. Noire has been widely praised for its advances in storytelling and facial animation technology.^[95] The first review was published by UK newspaper The Guardian, which awarded the game a perfect score, and stated "Ever since it first worked out how to assemble pixels so that they resembled something more recognisable than aliens, the games industry has dreamed of creating one thing above all else – a game that is indistinguishable from a film, except that you can control the lead character. With LA Noire, it just might, finally, have found the embodiment of that particular holy grail."^[94]

IGN gave the game 8.5 out of 10, stating "L.A. Noire may not reach the emotional heights of a game like Heavy Rain, but it's something everyone must try out. It reaches high and almost succeeds as a brilliant new type of video game narrative."^[90] GameTrailers gave the game a 9.1 out of 10, concluding that "LA Noire floors you out of the gate, loses some steam due to repetition, but eventually wins the day thanks to its subtlety, attention to detail, and stunning character interaction." Gamespot's Carolyn Petit awarded the game a 9 out of 10, concluding that "L.A. Noire's absorbing investigations and intoxicating sense of style make it an unforgettable journey through the seamy side of the City of Angels."^[86] GameZone gave the game an 8.5/10, stating "The story is intriguing, albeit a little slow at first. L.A. Noire takes an old school approach toward its storytelling. It’s a much slower approach, similar to older movies, with a heavy emphasis on detail. It is that attention to detail that sets L.A. Noire apart from other games and makes it enjoyable to play."^[89]

Edge praised the facial technology, but pointed out that while there are no other major aspects of the game that had not been done better elsewhere, the fact that Team Bondi had brought together such a wide range of game genres in such a stylish, atmospheric, and cohesive manner was an achievement that few developers had managed.^[83] Joystiq gave the game a score of 9, and stated that "L.A. Noire may not always be "fun" in the traditional sense, but it's also unsatisfied with being "merely fun," and the result of that aspiration is something that no one who cares about video games should miss."

Official Playstation Magazine gave it 9 out of 10, and stated that "In many ways, L.A. Noire is similar to an AMC series...It's a slow build, but once hooked, we couldn't get enough of this provocative adventure, with its compelling characters and innovative gameplay. It's not perfect, but it's also unlike anything else on the PS3 right now."^[80] Official Xbox Magazine gave it 8 out of 10, and concluded with "Yes, it's flawed, but L.A. Noire is an honest-to-goodness detective crime thriller - a genuine breath of fresh air that values narrative and story above all else in an age where scripted action sequences and online deathmatch rule the day. It's the closest thing Xbox has to PlayStation's unique adventurer Heavy Rain."^[81] GamesMaster gave the game 92%, and concluded that L.A. Noire is "Rockstar's most mature take on open-world fun to date, brought to life with incredible tech."^[80]

Despite the overall positive reception, some reviewers thought that the game had too many redundancies in the cases and left too little control to the player,^[90] leading to the game being boring at times.^[96] Although 1UP gave it a perfect score, they also warned that the extended cut-scenes in the game could make some players feel they lost control of the action.^[97]

Although the game has generally been praised for its depiction of post-war Los Angeles, the accuracy of the depiction has been criticised on some points by some architectural and social historians.^[98][99]

Responding to criticism that accused the character's bodies of being lifeless, despite the game's use of motion capture. Brendan McNamara stated in an interview with Eurogamer "People were saying people were dead from the neck down. That's because we had all this animation in the neck and all this animation in the face, but the clothes don't move. Once you get to the level that people can actually see that level of realism, then people expect to see clothes moving and the rest of the body moving in a way we can't replicate in video games." In the same interview McNamara also responded to quiries about why Phelps sometimes responds with particularly aggressive lines of dialogue during interrogation scenes. "It's funny. A lot of people say Aaron (Aaron Staton - the actor who portrays Phelps) turns into a psycho.". "When we originally wrote the game the questions you asked were coax, force and lie. It was actually force because it was a more aggressive answer. That's the way we recorded it. But when the game came out it was truth, doubt or lie. Everyone always says Aaron on the second question is a psycho. So that's not his fault."^[100]

Technical issues

Shortly after the release, a minority of players on both PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 experienced game freezes due to overheating of the consoles.^[101] After initially judging that the problem was due to the latest PS3 firmware, Rockstar later acknowledged the problem on their game FAQ.^[102] In a subsequent joint statement, Sony and Rockstar declared that the problem was caused by neither the PS3 firmware update nor the game.^[103] In a statement on 20 May, Rockstar reiterated that neither the game nor the console manufacturers were at fault. It also stated that the troubleshooting tips on its website had been "erroneously picked up by some news outlets as a 'story,'" and that those stories were "categorically untrue".^[104]

Sales

On the day of the game's US release, shares in Take-Two Interactive, Rockstar Games' parent company, closed up 7.75% on the day; a three-year high for the company. The rise was attributed to the positive reviews that L.A. Noire had been receiving.^[105] As of June 2011^[update], the game has shipped over 4 million copies.^[106]

According to NPD Group, L.A. Noire was the best-selling game in the United States in May 2011,^[107] at 899,000 copies across the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.^[108] Through a comparable time period, Red Dead Redemption had sold 1.5 million, which means L.A. Noire tracked behind Red Dead Redemption by about 40%,^[95] and it is believed that L.A. Noire will not reach Red Dead Redemption sales, but will still sell "handsomely".^[109] L.A. Noire went straight to top of the UK games chart and became the fastest selling new IP ever in the UK.^[110] It sold 58% copies on Xbox 360, as opposed to 42% on Playstation 3.^[111] It stayed top of the UK game chart for three weeks.^[112] In Australia, the stores that had the game for sale reported that it was going out of stock after a week.^[113] L.A. Noire debuted in Japan for the week of 4–10 July and sold a combined 71,057 units on Playstation 3 and Xbox 360. The Playstation 3 version topped the chart, with 58,436 units sold, and the Xbox 360 version moved 12,621 units.^[114][115]

Possible sequel

On 22 May 2011, Team Bondi's Brendan McNamara told GamerLive.TV that a sequel to L.A. Noire would take less than the five years it took to develop the first as the technology already exists. McNamara also stated that they are considering using the MotionScan technology for full body performances rather than only faces.^[116] In an investor conference call, Take-Two Interactive CEO, Strauss Zelnick, said that L.A. Noire was "a very successful release" and that they "have every reason to believe that L.A. Noire is another strong franchise for this company". He reiterated that they "do see L.A. Noire as a powerful new franchise".^[117]

During an investor call in November 2011 Zelnick re-iterated the importance of the game to Take-Two, stating that the game "has become an important franchise for the company." Zelnick announced that the game was Take-Two's "most successful new release" in the past fiscal year and has become a key property in its portfolio. He also announced that 4 million copies of the game had been shipped by June 2011.^[118]

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External links

• Official website
• Team Bondi
• Los Angeles Times article
• Eurogamer: "Who's Who in L.A. Noire" - Comparison of real actor vs In-game likeness
• Credit list created by former Team Bondi staff