List of state leaders in 1899

1898 state leaders - Events of 1899 - 1900 state leaders - State leaders by year----

See also:
*List of colonial governors in 1899
*List of religious leaders in 1899
*List of international organization leaders in 1899

Africa

*Abyssinia - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1889-1913)
*Ashanti Confederacy - Opoku Mensa, Chair of the Committee of Administration (1896-1900)
* Burundi - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852-1908) (part way through the year Burundi became a German colony, reducing the King to a mainly ceremonial role)
* Egypt - Abbas II, Khedive of Egypt (1892-1914) (under British occupation)
* Liberia - William D. Coleman, President of Liberia (1896-1900)
* Morocco - Abdelaziz, Sultan of Morocco (1894-1908)
* Orange Free State - Marthinus Theunis Steyn, President of the Orange Free State (1896-1902)
* South African Republic - Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger, President of the South African Republic (1883-1902)
* Tunisia - Ali Muddat ibn al-Husayn, Bey of Tunis (1882-1902) (under French protectorate)
* Zanzibar - Sayyid Hamud bin Muhammed Al-Busaid, Sultan of Zanzibar (1896-1902) (under British protectorate)

Asia

* Afghanistan - Abdur Rahman Khan, King of Afghanistan (1880-1901)
* Bahrain - Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa, Hakim of Bahrain (1869-1932)
* Brunei - Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin, Sultan of Brunei (1885-1906)
*Cambodia - Norodom, King of Cambodia (1860-1904) (under French protectorate)
* China (Qing Dynasty)
**Emperor - Guangxu, Emperor of China (1875-1908)
**"De facto" ruler - Empress Dowager Cixi (1898-1908)
** Tibet - Thubten Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1876-1933)
*Filipinas
**President - Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the Philippines (1899-1901)
**President of the Council of Government -
**# Apolinario Mabini, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1899)
**# Pedro Paterno, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1899)
*India
** Monarch - Victoria, Empress of India (1877-1901)
** Governor-General -
*#Victor Alexander Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin, Governor-General of India (1894 - 1899)
*#George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, Governor-General of India (1899 - 1904)
* Japan
** Monarch - Meiji Emperor, Emperor of Japan (1867-1912)
**Prime Minister - Yamagata Aritomo, Prime Minister of Japan (1898-1900)
* Korea (Korean Empire) - Gojong, Emperor of Korea (1864-1907, King before 1897)
* Kuwait - Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1896-1915)
* Oman - Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Oman (1888-1913)
*Persia - Mozzafar-al-Din Shah, Shah of Persia (1896-1907)
*Siam - Chulalongkorn, King of Siam (1868-1910)

Europe

* Andorra
**Co-Princes -
***French Co-Prince:
***#Felix Faure, President of France (1895-1899)
***#Emile Loubet, President of France (1899-1906)
***Salvador Casanas i Pages, Bishop of Urgel (1879-1901)
*Austria-Hungary - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848-1916)
**Minister-President of Austria -
*#Count Franz von Thun und Hohenstein, Minister-President of Austria (1898-1899)
*#Count Manfred von Clary und Aldringen, Minister-President of Austria (1899)
*#Heinrich von Wittek, Minister-President of Austria (1899-1900)
**Minister-President of Hungary -
*#Baron Dezső Bánffy, Minister-President of Hungary (1895-1899)
*#Kálmán Széll, Minister-President of Hungary (1899-1903)
* Belgium
**Monarch - Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865-1909)
**Cabinet Chief -
**#Paul de Smet de Naeyer, Prime Minister of Belgium (1896-1899)
**#Jules Vandenpeereboom, Prime Minister of Belgium (1899)
**#Paul de Smet de Naeyer, Prime Minister of Belgium (1899-1907)
* Bulgaria
**Monarch - Ferdinand of Bulgaria, King of Bulgaria (1886-1918)
**Prime Minister -
**#Konstantin Stoilov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1894-1899)
**#Dimitar Grekov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1899)
**#Todor Ivanchov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1899-1901)
* Denmark
** Monarch - Christian IX, King of Denmark (1863-1906)
** Prime Minister - Hugo Egmont Hørring, Prime Minister of Denmark (1897-1900)
* France -
**President -
**# Félix Faure, President of France (1895-1899)
**# Émile Loubet, President of France (1899-1906)
**Prime Minister -
**# Charles Dupuy, President of the Council (1898-1899)
**# René Waldeck-Rousseau, President of the Council (1899-1902)
* German Empire -
**Monarch - Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888-1918)
**Chancellor - Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Chancellor of Germany (1894-1900)
**"see also List of German rulers in 1899"
*Greece
**Monarch - George I, King of the Hellenes (1863-1913)
**Prime Minister -
**#Alexandros Zaimis, Prime Minister of Greece (1897-1899)
**#Georgios Theotokis, Prime Minister of Greece (1899-1901)
*Holy See - Pope Leo XIII, Pope (1878-1903)
* Italy
**Monarch - Umberto I, King of Italy (1878-1900)
**Prime Minister - Luigi Pelloux, Prime Minister of Italy (1898-1900)
*Liechtenstein
**Monarch - Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1858-1929)
* Luxembourg
**Monarch - Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1890-1905)
**Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1888-1915)
*Monaco
**Monarch - Albert I, Prince of Monaco (1889-1922)
*Montenegro
**Monarch - Nicholas I, Prince of Montenegro (1860-1918)
**Prime Minister - Bozo Petrovic-Njegos, Prime Minister of Montenegro (1879-1905)
* Netherlands
**Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890-1948)
**Prime Minister - Nicolaas Pierson, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1897-1901)
*Norway - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
**Monarch - Oscar II, King of Norway (1872-1905)
**Prime Minister - Johannes Steen, Prime Minister of Norway (1898-1902)
* Ottoman Empire
**Sultan - Abdul Hamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876-1909)
**Grand Vizier - Halil Rifat Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1895-1901)
*Portugal
**Monarch - Carlos, King of Portugal (1889-1908)
**Prime Minister - Jose Luciano, Prime Minister of Portugal (1897-1900)
*Romania
**Monarch - Carol I, King of Romania (1881-1914)
**Prime Minister -
**# Dmitrie Sturdza, Prime Minister of Romania (1897-1899)
**# Gheorghe Cantacuzino, Prime Minister of Romania (1899-1900)
* Russia - Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia (1894-1917)
*San Marino
**Captains Regent -
**#Marino Borbiconi and Francesco Marcucci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1898-1899)
**#Gemino Gozi and Giacomo Marcucci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1899)
**#Frederico Gozi and Silvestro Vita, Captains Regent of San Marino (1899-1900)
*Serbia
**Monarch - Alexander I, King of Serbia (1889-1903)
**Prime Minister -
**# Vladan Djordjevic, Prime Minister of Serbia (1897-1900)
* Spain -
**Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886-1931)
**Prime Minister -
**#Práxedes Mateo Sagasta, Prime Minister of Spain (1897-1899)
**#Francisco Silvela le Vielleuze, Prime Minister of Spain (1899-1900)
*Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway -
**Monarch - Oscar II, King of Sweden (1872-1907)
**Prime Minister Erik Gustaf Boström, Prime Minister of Sweden (1891-1900)
*Switzerland -
**Swiss Federal Council - Eduard Muller, Walter Hauser, Adolf Deucher, Adrien Lachenal (until 1899), Robert Comtesse (since 1899), Josef Zemp, Eugene Ruffy (until 1899), Marc-Emile Ruchet (since 1899), Ernst Brenner
* United Kingdom -
**Monarch - Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837-1901)
**Prime Minister - Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1885-1886, 1886-1892, 1895-1902)

North America and the Caribbean

*Dominion of Canada
**Monarch - Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1867-1901)
**Governor-General - Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, Governor-General of Canada (1898-1904)
**Prime Minister -Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister of Canada (1896-1911)
*Costa Rica - Rafael Yglesias Castro, President of Costa Rica (1894-1902)
*Dominican Republic
**President -
**#Ulises Heureaux, President of the Dominican Republic (1889-1899)
**#Wenceslao Figuereo, President of the Dominican Republic (1899)
**#Horacio Vasquez, President of the Dominican Republic (1899)
**#Juan Isidro Jiménez, President of the Dominican Republic (1899-1902)
*El Salvador - Tomás Regalado, President of El Salvador (1898-1903)
*Guatemala - Manuel José Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala (1898-1920)
*Haiti - Tirésias Simon-Sam, President of Haiti (1896-1902)
*Honduras
**President -
**#Policarpo Bonilla, President of Honduras (1894-1899)
**#Terencio Sierra, President of Honduras (1899-1903)
*Mexico - Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (1884-1911)
*Nicaragua - José Santos Zelaya, President of Nicaragua, (1893-1909)
*United States - William McKinley, President of the United States (1897-1901)

Oceania

*New Zealand
** Monarch - Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837-1901)
** Governor-General - The Earl of Ranfurly, Governor-General of New Zealand (1897 - 1904)
** Prime Minister - Richard Seddon, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1893 - 1906)
* Niue - Togia-Pulu-toaki, King of Niue (1896-?)
* Samoa - Malietoa Tanumafili I, Malietoa (1898-1939)
* Tonga
** Monarch - George Tupou II, King of Tonga (1893 – 1918)
** Prime Minister - Siosateki Veikune, Prime Minister of Tonga, (1893 – 1904)

outh America

*Acre - Luiz Galvez Rodrigues de Aria, President of Acre (1899–1900)
*Argentina - Julio Argentino Roca, President of Argentina (1898–1904)
*Bolivia
**President -
**#Severo Fernández, President of Bolivia (1896–1899)
**#José Manuel Pando, President of Bolivia (1899–1904)
*Brazil - Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales, President of Brazil (1898-1902)
*Chile - Federico Errázuriz Echaurren, President of Chile (1896-1901)
*Colombia - José Manuel Marroguin, President of Colombia (1898-1900)
*Ecuador - Eloy Alfaro, President of Ecuador (1895-1901)
*Paraguay - Emilio Aceval, President of Paraguay (1898–1902)
*Peru
**President -
**#Nicolas de Pierola, President of Peru (1895–1899)
**#Eduardo López de Romaña, President of Peru (1899–1903)
*Uruguay -
*#Juan Lindolfo Cuestas, President of Uruguay (1897-1899)
*#José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay (1899)
*#Juan Lindolfo Cuestas, President of Uruguay (1899-1903)
*Venezuela
**President -
**#Ignacio Andrade, President of Venezuela (1899-1908)
**#Cipriano Castro, President of Venezuela (1899-1908)