List of Presidents of Colombia

The following List of Presidents of Colombia is a list in chronological order of the persons who have occupied the Office of the President of Colombia or similar office during its history since achieving Independence in 1810. Because of historical events and constitutional restrictions, the Chief Executive Officers of Colombia have not always been called Presidents, but have held the office under various titles.

Foolish Fatherland (During the Reign of Fernando VII)

The Foolish Fatherland is a historical period where the colonies of the Viceroyalty of the New Granada first experimented with self-rule. After the incarceration of Emperor Ferdinand VII of Spain by Napoleon Bonaparte, several cities across the empire cut ties with the shadow government of Napoleon's brother, Joseph I, who had crowned himself King of Spain. As the news of this unrest reached the New World various cities declared independence from Spain. In the New Granada, given the fraction of its territory, various provinces declared themselves independent and set up their own governments headed by Criollos. The office of President was then first implemented in the country by regional leaders.

Regional Presidents

State of Cundinamarca (1810—1814) (During the Reign of Fernando VII)

On January 29, 1810 the Supreme Central and Governing Junta of the Kingdom in Cádiz dissolved under the pressure of French troops during the Siege of Cádiz, thus ending the last bastillion of the Spanish Resistance in mainland Spain. When news of this event reached the New World local political leaders sought to take advantage of the situation and set up juntas headed by Criollos. In Bogotá, the capital of the Viceroyalty of the New Granada news of this event reached on July 20, 1810 and the events that followed led to the formation of the Open Cabildo of Bogotá. At first the Cabildo sought to gain legitimacy by including the Viceroy in their leadership, but he refused to do so and was replaced by the Vice President of the Cabildo, the Mayor of Bogotá, José Miguel Pey de Andrade making him the first Criollo to hold executive and legislative power over the territory that is now Colombia. As independence spread over the empire, the Cabildo was replaced by the Government of the Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca, with Bogotá as its capital and Jorge Tadeo Lozano as its President, or as his title indicated "President of Cundinamarca and Vicegerent of the King's Person." The independent Republic of Cundinamarca lasted until 1812, when this one was incorporated into the United Provinces of the New Granada.

• Open Cabildo of Bogotá •
Picture	Name	Took office	Left office	Form of Ascension	Reason for stepping down
	Antonio José Amar y Borbón	did not take office		President-elect of Cabildo, but refuses to accept office.	Permanently replaced.
	José Miguel Pey de Andrade	July 20, 1810	April 1, 1811	Vice President acting as President in his absence. Eventually elected nominal President.	Office subjugated to that of Cundinamarca.
• Independent State of Cundinamarca •
Picture	Name	Took office	Left office	Form of Ascension	Reason for stepping down
	Jorge Tadeo Lozano	April 1, 1811	September 19, 1811	Elected by Congress.	Resigned from office.
	Antonio Nariño y Álvarez	June 25, 1812	September 21, 1813	Elected by Congress.	Left office to fight insurgency.
		Antonio Nariño y Álvarez	August 5, 1812	August 19, 1812	Resumes power.	Left office to fight insurgency.
	Manuel Benito de Castro y Arcaya	August 19, 1812	September 12, 1812	Interim caretaker.	President resumes power.
	Antonio Nariño y Álvarez	September 12, 1812	November 26, 1812	Resumes power.	Left office to fight insurgency.
		Antonio Nariño y Álvarez	December 15, 1812	September 21, 1813	Resumes power.	Left office to fight insurgency.
	Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez del Casal	September 21, 1813	December 12, 1814	Interim caretaker.	Deposed. Office subjugated to that of the United Provinces of New Granada..

State of Cartagena de Indias (1810—1812) (During the Reign of Fernando VII)

Main article: List of Governors of the Province of Cartagena#Peninsular War, Revolution and Independence (1810-1820)

When news of the declaration of independence of the Cabildo of Bogotá reached the port city of Cartagena de Indias, local leaders moved to form their own Supreme Junta on August 13, 1810, and subsequently on November 11, 1811 declared absolute independence from Spain and from the Viceroyalty of New Granada becoming its own nation, initially under the leadership of José Ignacio de Cavero y Cárdenas as President of the Junta, and afterwards under a Governor President until the incorporation of Cartagena into the United Provinces of New Granada.

• Supreme Junta of Cartagena de Indias •
Picture	Name	Took office	Left office	Form of Ascension	Reason for stepping down
	José Ignacio Cavero y Cárdenas	November 11, 1811	January 21, 1812	President of the Supreme Junta of Government	Office subjugated to the new State.
		Manuel Rodríguez Torices	April 26, 1815	November 15, 1815	Elected President-Dictator by Convention of Cartagena.	Office subjugated to that of the United Provinces of New Granada.

Republic of Antioquia (1810—1815) (During the Reign of Fernando VII)

• Republic of Antioquia •
Picture	Name	Took office	Left office	Form of Ascension	Reason for stepping down

Republic of Tunja (1812) (During the Reign of Fernando VII)

The Province of Tunja had originally refuted the actions of Bogotá in declaring independence from Spain, but as cities within its own province started to clamour for independence by joining Cundinamarca who had already attained theirs, Tunja was forced to act quickly. On November 26, 1811 Tunja signed the Act of Confederation joining the United Provinces of New Granada, and on December 9, 1811 declared its formal independence from Spain. The tensions between Cundinamarca and the United Provinces however forced Tunja to enter into a treaty with Cundinamarca; the Santa Rosa Pact separated Tunja from the Federalist government of the United Provinces and put it in track to eventually join the Centralist government of Cundinamarca. The Republic of Tunja was now standing in its own two feet under the administration of President-Governor Juan Nepomuceno Niño, this lasted until Cundinamarca was finally defeated and Tunja rejoined the United Provinces.

• Republic of Tunja •
Picture	Name	Took office	Left office	Form of Ascension	Reason for stepping down
	edit] United Provinces of New Granada (1812—1816) (During the Reign of Fernando VII) Main article: United Provinces of New Granada The United Provinces of New Granada was formed on November 26, 1811 as a Confederation of the independent provinces of Tunja, Pamplona, Antioquia, Cartagena and Neiva. The office of the President was at first non-existent, the provinces did not want to entrust power to one person in order to avoid favoritism. During its first formal assembly, the Federal Congress elected as its first President Camilo Torres Tenorio and entrusted him with executive power while a Triumvirate was set up. The Triumvirate, was an experimental form of executive power in which three individuals would parallel and equally share executive power, giving more representation to various provinces at once; the system however, was flawed and ultimately proved difficult to maintain in light of the invasion by Pablo Morillo and its leaders were persecuted, forced to pass along power in a relay race for time and survival until all of its leaders were finally killed, or captured. • United Provinces of New Granada • Picture Name Took office Left office Form of Ascension Reason for stepping down Camilo Torres Tenorio October 4, 1812 October 5, 1814 President of the Congress, entrusted with the Federal Executive Power. Replaced by Triumvirate. José María del Castillo Rada October 5, 1814 November 28, 1814 Interim Triumvir. Term ends. Joaquín Camacho Lago October 5, 1814 January 25, 1815 Interim Triumvir. Term ends. José Fernández Madrid October 5, 1814 April 26, 1815 Interim Triumvir. Term ends. Custodio García Rovira November 28, 1814 July 24, 1815 Nominal Triumvir. Term ends. José Miguel Pey de Andrade January 25, 1815 November 15, 1815 Alternate Triumvir, replaced Restrepo. Term ends. Manuel Rodríguez Torices April 26, 1815 November 15, 1815 Nominal Triumvir. Steps down from office to answer conspiracy charges, is exonerated of charges two days later on October 18. Antonio Villavicencio y Verástegui August 17, 1815 November 15, 1815 Alternate Triumvir, replaced García. Term ends. José Manuel Restrepo Vélez did not take office Triumvir-elect Declined office. Camilo Torres Tenorio November 15, 1815 March 14, 1816 Elected by Congress. Resigned office. José Fernández Madrid March 14, 1816 June 22, 1816 Appointed by Congress. Escaped the capital and resigned due to Spanish persecution. Liborio Mejía Gutiérrez June 22, 1816 June 30, 1816 Vice President appointed by Congress acting as President in his absence. President takes office. Custodio García Rovira June 30, 1816 July 10, 1816 Appointed President-Dictator by Congress. Captured by the Spanish Army. Fernando Serrano Uribe July 16, 1816 September 16, 1816 Elected by an assembly of army units. Captured by the Spanish Army. Reign of Terror (1816—1819) Main article: List of Viceroys of New Granada The culmination of the Spanish reconquest of New Granada was the reinstitution of the Vice-royalty and the return of Spanish rule. The office of President was abolished in the colony and those fighting for independence were either captured, killed, forced underground or forced into exile; this period is known as the Reign of Terror, a period when the Spanish colonial rulers sought to set an example of all of those who have defied the crown by setting show trials and sentencing many of the Precursors of independence to death in public displays. • Spanish Reconquista of New Granada • Republic of Colombia (1819—1831) • 1st Republic of Colombia • Picture Name Took office Left office Form of Ascension Reason for stepping down Simón Bolívar Palacios February 15, 1819 December 13, 1821 Elected by the Congress of Angostura in 1819. Re-elected by the Congress of Cúcuta 1821. Leaves to fight in the Southern Campaign. Francisco de Paula Santander y Omaña December 13, 1821 November 14, 1826 Vice President, in charge of the executive power. President returns. Simón Bolívar Palacios November 14, 1826 November 10, 1829 Returns to finish term. Declares himself President-Dictator. Leaves to fight. Simón Bolívar Palacios December 10, 1829 May 4, 1830 Returns to power. Declares himself President-Dictator. Resigns office. Domingo de Caycedo y Sanz May 4, 1830 June 13, 1830 Vice President, in charge of the executive. Finished term. Joaquín Mosquera y Arboleda June 13, 1830 September 4, 1830 Elected by Congress Ousted by Military Coup. Rafael Urdaneta y Faría September 4, 1830 April 30, 1831 Provisional Chief of Government, took power by coup. Ousted later by the legitimate government. José Miguel Pey de Andrade Council of Ministers set up to accept resignation of General Urdaneta and invite General Caycedo to take office. Pey, Secretary of War and Navy; Mendoza, Secretary of Finance; García, Secretary of Foreign Affairs and Interior. Finished term. Domingo de Caycedo y Sanz May 2, 1831 November 23, 1831 Vice President, in charge of the Executive. Resigns office. Republic of New Granada (1831—1861) • Republic of New Granada • Picture Name Took office Left office Form of Ascension Reason for stepping down José María Obando del Campo November 23, 1831 March 10, 1832 Vice President in charge of the Provisional Government. Sanctioned the Constitution of 1832 that created the Republic of New Granada. End of term. José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto March 10, 1832 October 7, 1832 Vice President by Indirect Election., Acting President. Hands back power. Francisco de Paula Santander y Omaña October 7, 1832 April 1, 1837 Elected by Congress. Re-elected to second term by Congress. End of term. José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto April 1, 1837 April 1, 1841 Elected by Congress after indirect elections failed to give the required majority. End of term. Pedro Alcántara Herrán Martínez April 1, 1841 July 5, 1841 Elected by Congress after indirect elections failed to give the required majority. Leaves to fight in War of the Supremes. Pedro Alcántara Herrán Martínez May 19, 1842 April 1, 1845 Returns to office after war. End of term. Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda April 1, 1845 August 14, 1847 Elected by Congress after indirect elections failed to give the required majority. End of term. Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda December 14, 1847 April 1, 1849 Returns to power. End of term. José Hilario López Valdéz April 1, 1849 April 1, 1853 Elected by Congress after indirect elections failed to give the required majority. End of term. José María Obando del Campo April 1, 1853 April 17, 1854 Indirect elections. Ousted by Military Coup. José María Melo y Ortiz April 17, 1854 December 4, 1854 Supreme Head of the Provisional Government, took power in a military coup. Ousted by legitimate government. Tomás Herrera y Pérez April 21, 1854 August 5, 1854 Claimed the Presidency as 1st Designate. Acting in rebellion against the usurper Government of General Melo. José María Melo y Ortiz June 2, 1854 December 4, 1854 Supreme Head of the Provisional Government, took power in a military coup. Ousted by legitimate government. José de Obaldía y Orejuela August 5, 1854 April 1, 1855 Vice President succeeding to the Presidency acting in rebellion against the usurper Government of General Melo. Hands power to Vice President. Manuel María Mallarino Ibargüen April 1, 1855 April 1, 1857 Vice President, acting chief executive. End of term. Mariano Ospina Rodríguez April 1, 1857 May 22, 1858 Direct Elections. Term continues to next constitutional phase. Granadine Confederation (1858—1863)       Liberal Party       Conservative Party • Granadine Confederation • Picture Name Took office Left office Form of Ascension Reason for stepping down Mariano Ospina Rodríguez May 22, 1858 April 1, 1861 End of term. Juan José Nieto Gil January 25, 1861 July 18, 1861 2nd Designate, acting in rebellion. Ceded power to Mosquera. Bartolomé Calvo Díaz April 1, 1861 July 10, 1861 Inspector General, succeeds to office while Congress was closed down and the President-elect could not take the oath of office. Arrested and deposed. Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda July 18, 1861 February 4, 1863 Military coup. Called for a Constituent Assembly to enact a new constitution and ceded executive power to it. United States of Colombia (1863—1886) • United States of Colombia • Picture Name Took office Left office Form of Ascension Reason for stepping down Francisco Javier Zaldúa y Racines February 4, 1863 February 10, 1863 President of the Rionegro Convention, entrusted with the executive. Cedes power. Minister of the Treasury; Mosquera, Minister of War; López, Minister of Foreign Affairs; Salgar, Minister of Finance Gutiérrez, Minister of the Interior. Replaced by President. Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda May 14, 1863 January 29, 1864 Elected by the Rionegro Convention. Left to fight in Ecuadorian–Colombian War. Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda February 28, 1864 April 8, 1864 Elected by the Rionegro Convention. End of term. Manuel Murillo Toro April 8, 1864 April 1, 1866 Indirect elections. José María Rojas Garrido April 1, 1866 May 22, 1866 1st Designate in the absence of the elected President. President takes office. Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda May 22, 1866 May 23, 1867 Indirect elections. Deposed by Military Coup. Joaquín Riascos García May 12, 1867 June 28, 1867 3rd Designate, claims executive power after Mosquera closes Congress. Cedes power to Acosta. Santos Acosta Castillo May 23, 1867 April 1, 1868 2nd Designate, claims executive power after Mosquera closes Congress and moved to depose him in a coup. Cedes power. Santos Gutiérrez Prieto April 1, 1868 December 21, 1868 Indirect elections. Because of his marriage he took a temporary leave of absence from office. Salvador Camacho Roldán December 21, 1868 January 2, 1869 1st Designate, in charge of the executive power. Santos Gutiérrez Prieto January 2, 1869 April 1, 1870 Returns to power. End of term. Eustorgio Salgar Moreno April 1, 1870 April 1, 1872 Indirect elections. End of term. Manuel Murillo Toro April 1, 1872 April 1, 1874 Indirect elections. End of term. Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas April 1, 1874 April 1, 1876 Indirect elections. End of term. Aquileo Parra Gómez April 1, 1876 May 19, 1877 Indirect elections. Temporarily steps down due to illness. Aquileo Parra Gómez August 14, 1877 December 22, 1877 Returned to power. Instability in the country threatens to overthrow him from office due to his illness and is asked to temporarily step down. Aquileo Parra Gómez December 24, 1877 April 1, 1878 Returned to power. End of term. Julián Trujillo Largacha April 1, 1878 April 8, 1880 Indirect elections. End of term. Rafael Núñez Moledo April 8, 1880 April 1, 1882 Indirect elections. End of term. Francisco Javier Zaldúa y Racines April 1, 1882 December 21, 1882 Indirect elections. Dies in office. Clímaco Calderón Reyes December 21, 1882 December 22, 1882 Inspector General, succeeds to Presidency in absence of the Designates. Cedes power. José Eusebio Otálora Martínez December 22, 1882 April 1, 1884 2nd Presidential Designate, takes office after death of Zaldúa and after the 1st Designate, Núñez, declined the office. End of term. Ezequiel Hurtado Hurtado April 1, 1884 August 11, 1884 1st Designate in charge of the executive in absence of the newly elected President. President takes office. Rafael Núñez Moledo August 11, 1884 April 1, 1886 Indirect elections. Resigned office. José María Campo Serrano April 1, 1886 August 4, 1886 1st Designate, succeeds to Presidency. Term carried over to next constitutional phase. Republic of Colombia (1886—present)       Liberal Party       Conservative Party       Colombia First/Social Party of National Unity       Military Rule       Republican Union Party • Republic of Colombia • Picture Name Took office Left office Form of Ascension Reason for stepping down José María Campo Serrano August 4, 1886 January 5, 1887 Sanctioned the Colombian Constitution of 1886. End of term. Eliseo Payán Hurtado January 5, 1887 June 4, 1887 Vice President, in charge of the executive President takes office. Rafael Núñez Moledo June 4, 1887 December 12, 1887 Indirect elections. Resigns from office. Eliseo Payán Hurtado December 12, 1887 February 8, 1888 Vice President by special decree, in charge of the executive. President returns to office. Rafael Núñez Moledo February 8, 1888 August 7, 1888 Returns to power after being warned of insurrection against Payán. Leaves due to illness. Carlos Holguín Mallarino August 7, 1888 August 7, 1892 1st Designate, in charge of the executive. Cedes power. Miguel Antonio Caro Tobar August 7, 1892 January 16, 1893 Vice President, in charge of the executive. Temporarily steps down. Miguel Antonio Caro Tobar January 17, 1893 March 12, 1896 Returns to power. Temporarily steps down from power. Miguel Antonio Caro Tobar March 17, 1896 August 7, 1898 Returns to power. Term ends. Manuel Antonio Sanclemente Sanclemente August 7, 1898 July 31, 1900 Indirect Elections. Deposed by Military Coup. José Manuel Marroquín Ricaurte July 31, 1900 August 7, 1904 Vice President, takes power by coup. Cedes power. Rafael Reyes Prieto August 7, 1904 March 16, 1908 Indirect elections. Leaves temporarily. Rafael Reyes Prieto April 16, 1908 July 27, 1909 Returns to office. Resigns office. Jorge Holguín Mallarino July 27, 1909 August 4, 1909 1st Designate, in charge of the executive. Replaced by Congress. Ramón González Valencia August 4, 1909 August 7, 1910 Elected by Congress to finish the remainder of Reyes's term. Ends term. Carlos Eugenio Restrepo Restrepo August 7, 1910 August 7, 1914 Elected by National Assembly. Term ends. José Vicente Concha Ferreira August 7, 1914 August 10, 1918 Elected by National Assembly. Term ends. Marco Fidel Suárez August 10, 1918 November 11, 1921 Direct elections. Resigns from office. Jorge Holguín Mallarino November 11, 1921 August 7, 1922 1st Designate, in charge of the executive. Term ends. Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez August 7, 1922 August 7, 1926 Direct elections. Term ends. Miguel Abadía Méndez August 7, 1926 August 7, 1930 Direct elections. Term ends. Enrique Olaya Herrera August 7, 1930 August 7, 1934 Direct elections. Term ends. Alfonso López Pumarejo August 7, 1934 August 7, 1938 Direct elections. Term ends. Eduardo Santos Montejo August 7, 1938 August 7, 1942 Direct elections. Term ends. Alfonso López Pumarejo August 7, 1942 October 9, 1942 Direct elections. Temporarily steps down to travel to Venezuela. Alfonso López Pumarejo October 19, 1942 June 10, 1944 Direct elections. Leaves office due to wife's illness. Darío Echandía Olaya June 10, 1944 June 12, 1944 1st Designate, in charge of the executive. President returns to office. Alfonso López Pumarejo June 12, 1944 August 7, 1945 Returns to power. Resigns from office. Alberto Lleras Camargo August 7, 1945 August 7, 1946 1st Designate, in charge of the executive power. Term ends. Mariano Ospina Pérez August 7, 1946 August 7, 1950 Direct elections. Term ends. Laureano Gómez Castro August 7, 1950 November 5, 1951 Direct elections. Term ends. Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez November 5, 1951 June 13, 1953 Direct elections. Term ends. Gustavo Rojas Pinilla June 13, 1953 May 10, 1957 Took power by Military Coup. Cedes power. Gabriel París Gordillo Colombian Military Junta, in charge of the executive. París, Minister of Defence; Naval, Commander of the Army; Fonseca, Director of National Police. Ordóñez, Director of DAS. Cede power. Alberto Lleras Camargo August 7, 1958 August 7, 1962 Direct elections. Member of the National Front. Term ends. Guillermo León Valencia Muñóz August 7, 1962 August 6, 1963 Direct elections. Member of the National Front. Temporarily steps down to travel to Venezuela. National Front. Term ends. Misael Pastrana Borrero August 7, 1970 July 21, 1973 Direct elections. Member of the National Front. Temporarily steps down to travel to Venezuela. Misael Pastrana Borrero July 24, 1973 August 7, 1974 Returns to power. Term ends. Alfonso López Michelsen August 7, 1974 September 20, 1975 Direct elections. Temporarily steps down from power. Indalecio Liévano Aguirre September 20, 1975 September 24, 1975 1st Designate, in charge of the executive power. President returns to power. Alfonso López Michelsen September 24, 1975 August 7, 1978 Returns to power. Term ends. Julio César Turbay Ayala August 7, 1978 February 3, 1981 Direct elections. Temporarily steps down from power. Víctor Mosquera Chaux February 3, 1981 February 11, 1981 1st Designate, in charge of the executive power. President returns to power. Julio César Turbay Ayala February 11, 1981 August 7, 1982 Returns to power. Term ends. Belisario Betancur Cuartas August 7, 1982 August 7, 1986 Direct elections. Presidents Board. Virgilio Barco Vargas August 7, 1986 August 7, 1990 Direct elections. Term ends. César Gaviria Trujillo August 7, 1990 August 7, 1994 Direct elections. Presidents Board. Ernesto Samper Pizano August 7, 1994 January 11, 1998 Direct elections. Temporarily steps down to undergo medical treatment in Canada. Carlos Lemos Simmonds January 11, 1998 January 21, 1998 Vice President, in charge of the executive power. Presidents Board. Ernesto Samper Pizano January 21, 1998 August 7, 1998 Returns to power. Presidents Board. Andrés Pastrana Arango August 7, 1998 August 7, 2002 Direct elections. Presidents Board. Álvaro Uribe Vélez August 7, 2002 August 7, 2010 Direct elections. first term 2002-2006 and Re-elected for a second term. Prime Minister of Andean Parliament (Director of Ex-Presidents Board). Juan Manuel Santos Calderón August 7, 2010 Incumbent Direct elections. Elected in 2010. Incumbent See also List of Vice Presidents of Colombia List of Viceroys of New Granada Council of Ministers of the Republic of Colombia Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат Japanese beetle Corvidae Look at other dictionaries: List of Vice Presidents of Colombia — This is a list of Colombian Vice Presidents.After Constitution of 1991References* [http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/revistas/credencial/marzo1993/marzo1.htm Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango Lista de Vice Presidentes] ee also*List of Presidents of… …   Wikipedia List of Presidents of Venezuela — President of Venezuela …   Wikipedia List of Governors of the Department of Santander — The Governor of the Department Santander heads the executive branch of the government of the Colombian department of Santander. 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