List of state leaders in 1999

Africa

*Algeria -
**President -
**#Liamine Zéroual, President of Algeria (1994-1999)
**#Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999-present)
**Prime Minister -
**#Smail Hamdani, Prime Minister of Algeria (1998-1999)
**#Ahmed Benbitour, Prime Minister of Algeria (1999-2000)
*Angola -
**President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979-present)
**Prime Minister -
**#Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime Minister of Angola (1996-1999)
**#"Position vacant"
*Benin - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1996-2006)
*Botswana - Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998-2008)
*Burkina Faso -
**President - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987-present)
**Prime Minister - Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (1996-2000)
*Burundi - Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1996-2003)
*Cameroon -
**President - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982-present)
**Prime Minister - Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1996-2004)
*Cape Verde -
**President - António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (1991-2001)
**Prime Minister - Carlos Veiga, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1991-2000)
*Central African Republic -
**President - Ange-Félix Patassé, President of the Central African Republic (1993-2003)
**Prime Minister -
**#Michel Gbezera-Bria, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1997-1999)
**#Anicet Georges Dologuélé, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1999-2001)
*Chad -
**President - Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990-present)
**Prime Minister -
**#Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido, Prime Minister of Chad (1997-1999)
**#Nagoum Yamassoum, Prime Minister of Chad (1999-2002)
*Comoros -
**President -
**#Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, interim President of Comoros (1998-1999)
**#Azali Assoumani, President of Comoros (1999-2002)
**Prime Minister -
**#Abbas Djoussouf, Prime Minister of Comoros (1998-1999)
**#Bianrifi Tarmidi, Prime Minister of Comoros (1999-2000)
*Democratic Republic of the Congo - Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997-2001)
*Republic of the Congo - Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997-present)
*Côte d'Ivoire -
**President -
**#Henri Konan Bédié, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1993-1999)
**#Robert Guéï, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1999-2000)
**Prime Minister - Daniel Kablan Duncan, Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (1993-1999)
*Djibouti -
**President -
**#Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977-1999)
**#Ismail Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999-present)
**Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978-2001)
*Equatorial Guinea -
**President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979-present)
**Prime Minister - Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1996-2001)
*Eritrea - Isaias Afewerki, President of Eritrea (1993-present)
*Ethiopia -
**President - Negasso Gidada, President of Ethiopia (1995-2001)
**Prime Minister - Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995-present)
*Gabon -
**President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967-present)
**Prime Minister -
**#Paulin Obame-Nguema, Prime Minister of Gabon (1994-1999)
**#Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime Minister of Gabon (1999-2006)
*The Gambia - Yahya Jammeh, President of The Gambia (1994-present)
*Guinea -
**President - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984-present)
**Prime Minister -
**#Sidya Touré, Prime Minister of Guinea (1996-1999)
**#Lamine Sidimé, Prime Minister of Guinea (1999-2004)
*"'Guinea-Bissau -
**President -
**#João Bernardo Vieira, President of Guinea-Bissau (1984-1999)
**#Ansumane Mané, Chairman of the Supreme Command of the Military Junta (1999)
**#Malam Bacai Sanhá, acting President of Guinea-Bissau (1999-2000)
**Prime Minister - Francisco Fadul, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1998-2000)
*Kenya - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978-2002)
*Lesotho -
**Monarch - Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996-present)
**Prime Minister - Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998-present)
*Liberia - Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (1997-2003)
*Libya -
**"De facto" Head of State - Muammar al-Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution (1969–present)
**Nominal Head of State - Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani, General Secretary of the General People's Congress (1992–present)
**Head of Government - Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush, General Secretary of the General People's Committee (1997-2000)
*Madagascar -
**President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1997-2002)
**Prime Minister - Tantely Andrianarivo, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1998-2002)
*Malawi - Bakili Muluzi, President of Malawi (1994-2004)
*Mali -
**President - Alpha Oumar Konaré, President of Mali (1992-2002)
**Prime Minister - Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, Prime Minister of Mali (1994-2000)
*Mauritania -
**President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984-2005)
**Prime Minister - Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1998-2003)
*Mauritius -
**President - Cassam Uteem, President of Mauritius (1992-2002)
**Prime Minister - Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1995-2000)
*Morocco -
**Monarch -
**#Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
**#Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
**Prime Minister - Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime Minister of Morocco (1998–2002)
*Mozambique -
**President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
**Prime Minister - Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994–2004)
*Namibia -
**President - Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990-2005)
**Prime Minister - Hage Geingob, Prime Minister of Namibia (1990-2002)
*Niger -
**President -
**#Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, President of Niger (1996–1999)
**#Daouda Malam Wanké, Chairman of the National Reconciliation Council (1999)
**#Tandja Mamadou, President of Niger (1999–present)
**Prime Minister - Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki, Prime Minister of Niger (1997-2000)
*Nigeria -
**President -
**#Abdulsalami Abubakar, Chairmen of the Provisional Ruling Council of Nigeria (1998-1999)
**#Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria (1999-2007)
*Rwanda -
**President - Pasteur Bizimungu, President of Rwanda (1994-2000)
**Prime Minister - Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, Prime Minister of Rwanda (1995-2000)
*São Tomé and Príncipe -
**President - Miguel Trovoada, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1995-2001)
**Prime Minister -
**#Raul Bragança Neto, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1996-1999)
**#Guilherme Posser da Costa, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1999-2001)
**Príncipe - Damião Vaz d'Almeida, President of the Regional Government of Principe (1995–2002)
*Senegal -
**President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981-2000)
**Prime Minister - Mamadou Lamine Loum, Prime Minister of Senegal (1998-2000)
*Seychelles - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977-2004)
*Sierra Leone - Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President of Sierra Leone (1998–2007)
*Somalia - No central government
**Somaliland - Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
**Puntland - Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Puntland (1998-2002)
*South Africa -
*#Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa (1994-1999)
*#Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa (1999–2008)
*Sudan - Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–present)
*Swaziland -
**Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986-present)
**Prime Minister - Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1996-2003)
*Tanzania -
**President - Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995-2005)
**Prime Minister - Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995-2005)
**Zanzibar -
***President - Salmin Amour, President of Zanzibar (1990-2000)
***Chief Minister - Mohamed Gharib Bilali, Chief Minister of Zanzibar (1995-2000)
*Togo -
**President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967-2005)
**Prime Minister -
**#Kwassi Klutse, Prime Minister of Togo (1996-1999)
**#Eugene Koffi Adoboli, Prime Minister of Togo (1999-2000)
*Tunisia -
**President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–present)
**Prime Minister -
**#Hamed Karoui, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1989–1999)
**#Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–present)
*Uganda -
**President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986-present)
**Prime Minister -
**#Kintu Musoke, Prime Minister of Uganda (1994-1999)
**#Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1999-present)
*Western Sahara (Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) -
**President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–present)
**Prime Minister -
**#Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1995–1999)
**#Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1999–2003)
*Zambia - Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991-2002)
*Zimbabwe - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987-present)

Asia

*Afghanistan -
**(Taliban)-
***De Facto Head of State - Mohammed Omar, Commander of the Faithful (1996-2001)
***De Facto Prime Minister - Mohammad Rabbani, Head of the Supreme Council (1996-2001)
**(United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan) - Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (1992-2001)
*Bangladesh -
**President - Shahabuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
**Prime Minister - Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
*Bhutan -
**Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972-2006)
**Prime Minister -
**#Lyonpo Jigme Thinley, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1998-1999)
**#Sangay Ngedup, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1999-2000)
*Brunei - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967-present)
*Cambodia -
**Monarch - Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1993-2004)
**Prime Minister - Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–present)
*People's Republic of China -
**Communist Party Leader- Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1989-2002)
**President - Jiang Zemin, President of the People's Republic of China (1993-2003)
**Premier - Zhu Rongji, Premier of the People's Republic of China (1998-2003)
**Hong Kong - Tung Chee Hwa, Chief Executive of Hong Kong (1997-2005)
**Macau - Edmund Ho, Chief Executive of Macau (1999-present)
*India -
**President - K. R. Narayanan, President of India (1997-2002)
**Prime Minister - Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime Minister of India (1998-2004)
*Indonesia -
*#Jusuf Habibie, President of Indonesia (1998–1999)
*#Abdurrahman Wahid, President of Indonesia (1999–2001)
*Japan -
**Monarch - Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989-present)
**Prime Minister - Keizo Obuchi, Prime Minister of Japan (1998-2000)
*Kazakhstan -
**President - Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–present)
**Prime Minister -
**#Nurlan Balgimbayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1997–1999)
**#Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1999–2002)
*North Korea -
**De facto Ruler - Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defense Commission (1993-present)
**Head of State - Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly (1998-present)
**Premier - Hong Song Nam, Premier of North Korea (1997-2003)
*South Korea -
**President - Kim Dae Jung, President of South Korea (1998-2003)
**Prime Minister - Kim Jong-pil, Prime Minister of South Korea (1998-2000)
*Kyrgyzstan -
**President - Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005)
**Prime Minister -
**#Jumabek Ibraimov, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1998–1999)
**#Boris Silayev, acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1999)
**#Amangeldy Muraliyev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1999–2000)
*Laos -
**President - Khamtai Siphandon, President of Laos (1998-2006)
**Prime Minister - Sisavath Keobounphanh, Prime Minister of Laos (1998-2001)
*Malaysia -
**Monarch -
**#Tuanku Jaafar, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1994-1999)
**#Salahuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1999-2001)
**Prime Minister - Mahathir bin Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981-2003)
*Maldives - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–present)
*Mongolia -
**President - Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997-2005)
**Prime Minister -
**#Janlavyn Narantsatsralt, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1998-1999)
**#Nyam-Osoryn Tuyaa, acting Prime Minister of Mongolia (1999)
**#Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1999-2000)
*Myanmar -
**Chairman - Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council (1992–present)
**Prime Minister - Than Shwe, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1992-2003)
*Nepal -
**Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972-2001)
**Prime Minister -
**#Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal (1998-1999)
**#Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Prime Minister of Nepal (1999-2000)
*Pakistan -
**President - Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, President of Pakistan (1998-2001)
**Prime Minister -
**#Nawaz Sharif, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1997-1999)
**#Pervez Musharraf, Chief Executive of Pakistan (1999-2002)
*Philippines - Joseph Estrada, President of the Philippines (1998-2001)
*Singapore -
**President -
**#Ong Teng Cheong, President of Singapore (1993-1999)
**#Sellapan Ramanathan, President of Singapore (1999-present)
**Prime Minister - Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990-2004)
*Sri Lanka -
**President - Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka (1994-2005)
**Prime Minister - Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1994-2000)
*Taiwan (Republic of China) -
**President - Lee Teng-hui, President of the Republic of China (1988-2000)
**Premier - Vincent Siew, Premier of the Republic of China (1997-2000)
*Tajikistan -
**President - Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
**Prime Minister -
**#Yahyo Azimov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1996-1999)
**#Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–present)
*Thailand -
**Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–present)
**Prime Minister - Chuan Leekpai, Prime Minister of Thailand (1997-2001)
*Turkmenistan - Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (1991–2006)
*Uzbekistan -
**President - Islom Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1991–present)
**Prime Minister - O‘tkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (1995–2003)
*Vietnam -
**Communist Party Leader - Lê Khả Phiêu, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1997-2001)
**President - Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam (1997-2006)
**Prime Minister - Phan Văn Khải, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1997-2006)

Australia and Oceania

*Australia -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952-present)
**Governor-General - William Deane, Governor-General of Australia (1996-2001)
**Prime Minister - John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996-2007)
*Fiji -
**President - Kamisese Mara, President of Fiji (1993-2000)
**Prime Minister -
**#Sitiveni Rabuka, Prime Minister of Fiji (1992-1999)
**#Mahendra Chaudhry, Prime Minister of Fiji (1999-2000)
*Kiribati - Teburoro Tito, President of Kiribati (1994–2003)
*Marshall Islands - Imata Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (1997–2000)
*Federated States of Micronesia -
*#Jacob Nena, President of the Federated States of Micronesia (1997–1999)
*#Leo Falcam, President of the Federated States of Micronesia (1999–2003)
*Nauru -
*#Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (1998-1999)
*#René Harris, President of Nauru (1999-2000)
*New Zealand -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952-present)
**Governor-General - Michael Hardie Boys, Governor-General of New Zealand (1996-2001)
**Prime Minister -
**#Jenny Shipley, Prime Minister of New Zealand, (1997-1999)
**#Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand, (1999-present)
*Palau - Kuniwo Nakamura, President of Palau (1993-2001)
*Solomon Islands -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
**Governor-General -
**#Moses Pitakaka, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1994–1999)
**#John Lapli, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1999–2004)
**Prime Minister - Bartholomew Ulufa'alu, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1997–2000)
*Tonga -
**Monarch - Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965 – 2006)
**Prime Minister - Baron Vaea of Houma, Prime Minister of Tonga, (1991 – 2000)
*Tuvalu -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978-present)
**Governor-General - Tomasi Puapua, Governor General of Tuvalu (1998-2003)
**Prime Minister -
**#Bikenibeu Paeniu, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1996-1999)
**#Ionatana Ionatana, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1999-2000)
*Vanuatu -
**President -
**#Jean Marie Leye Lenelgau, President of Vanuatu (1994–1999)
**#Edward Natapei, acting President of Vanuatu (1999)
**#John Bani, President of Vanuatu (1999–2004)
**Prime Minister -
**#Donald Kalpokas, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1998–1999)
**#Barak Sopé, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1999–2001)

Europe

*Albania -
**President - Rexhep Meidani, President of Albania (1997-2002)
**Prime Minister -
**#Pandeli Majko, Prime Minister of Albania (1998-1999)
**#Ilir Meta, Prime Minister of Albania (1999-2002)
*Andorra -
**Co-Princes -
***Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995-2007)
***Joan Martí Alanis, Bishop of Urgell (1971-2003)
**Prime Minister - Marc Forné Molné, Prime Minister of Andorra (1994-2005)
*Armenia -
**President - Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia (1998–2008)
**Prime Minister -
**#Armen Darbinyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1998-1999)
**#Vazgen Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1999)
**#Aram Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1999-2000)
*Austria -
**President - Thomas Klestil, President of Austria (1992–2004)
**Chancellor - Viktor Klima, Chancellor of Austria (1997–2000)
*Azerbaijan -
**President - Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (1993-2003)
**Prime Minister - Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1996-2003)
*Belarus -
**President - Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
**Prime Minister - Syargey Ling, Prime Minister of Belarus (1997-2000)
*Belgium -
**Monarch - Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993-present)
**Prime Minister -
**#Jean-Luc Dehaene, Prime Minister of Belgium (1992-1999)
**#Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium (1999-2008)
*Bosnia and Herzegovina -
**Chairman of the Presidency -
**#Živko Radišić, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1998-1999)
**#Ante Jelavic, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1999-2000)
**Co-prime Ministers -
***Boro Bosic, Prime Minister of Bosnia-Hercegovina (1997-1999)
***Haris Silajdzic, Prime Minister of Bosnia-Hercegovina (1997-2000)
***Svetozar Mihajlovic, Prime Minister of Bosnia-Hercegovina (1999-2000)
**High Representative -
**#Carlos Westendorp, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997-1999)
**#Wolfgang Petritsch, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (1999-2002)
*Bulgaria -
**President - Petar Stoyanov, President of Bulgaria (1997-2002)
**Prime Minister - Ivan Kostov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1997-2001)
*Croatia -
**President -
**#Franjo Tuđman, President of Croatia (1990-1999)
**#Vlatko Pavletić, acting President of Croatia (1999-2000)
**Prime Minister - Zlatko Mateša, Prime Minister of Croatia (1995-2000)
*Cyprus -
**President - Glafkos Klerides, President of Cyprus (1993-2003)
**Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus -
***President - Rauf Denktaş, President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (1975-2005)
***Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (1996-2004)
*Czech Republic -
**President - Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
**Prime Minister - Miloš Zeman, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1998–2002)
*Denmark -
**Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972-present)
**Prime Minister - Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1993-2001)
*Estonia -
**President - Lennart Meri, President of Estonia (1992-2001)
**Prime Minister -
**#Mart Siimann, Prime Minister of Estonia (1997-1999)
**#Mart Laar, Prime Minister of Estonia (1999-2002)
*Finland -
**President - Martti Ahtisaari, President of Finland, (1994-2000)
**Prime Minister - Paavo Lipponen, Prime Minister of Finland, (1995-2003)
*France -
**President - Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995-2007)
**Prime Minister - Lionel Jospin, Prime Minister of France (1997-2002)
*Georgia -
**President - Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia (1992–2003)
**Prime Minister - Vazha Lortkipanidze, Prime Minister of Georgia (1998–2000)
**Abkhazia -
***President - Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1994–2005)
***Prime Minister -
***#Sergei Bagapsh, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1997–1999)
***#Vyacheslav Tsugba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1999–2001)
*Germany -
**President -
**#Roman Herzog, President of Germany (1994-1999)
**#Johannes Rau, President of Germany (1999-2004)
**Chancellor - Gerhard Schröder, Chancellor of Germany (1998-2005)
*Greece -
**President- Costis Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995-2005)
**Prime Minister - Costas Simitis, Prime Minister of Greece (1996-2004)
*Hungary -
**President - Árpád Göncz, President of Hungary (1990-2000)
**Prime Minister - Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary (1998-2002)
*Iceland -
**President - Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996-present)
**Prime Minister - Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991-2004)
*Ireland -
**President - Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997-present)
**Prime Minister - Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach (1997-2008)
*Italy -
**President -
**#Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, President of the Italian Republic (1992-1999)
**#Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of the Italian Republic (1999-2006)
**Prime Minister - Massimo D'Alema, Prime Minister of Italy (1998-2000)
*Latvia -
**President -
**#Guntis Ulmanis, President of Latvia (1993-1999)
**#Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President of Latvia (1999-2007)
**Prime Minister -
**#Vilis Krištopans, Prime Minister of Latvia (1998-1999)
**#Andris Šķēle, Prime Minister of Latvia (1999-2000)
*Liechtenstein -
**Monarch - Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989-present)
**Head of Government - Mario Frick, Head of Government (1993-2001)
*Lithuania -
**President - Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (1998-2003)
**Prime Minister -
**#Gediminas Vagnorius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1996-1999)
**#Irena Degutienė, acting Prime Minister of Lithuania (1999)
**#Rolandas Paksas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1999)
**#Irena Degutienė, acting Prime Minister of Lithuania (1999)
**#Andrius Kubilius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1999-2000)
*Luxembourg -
**Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964-2000)
**Prime Minister - Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995-present)
*Republic of Macedonia -
**President -
**#Kiro Gligorov, President of the Republic of Macedonia (1995-1999)
**#Savo Klimovski, acting President of the Republic of Macedonia (1999)
**#Boris Trajkovski, President of the Republic of Macedonia (1999-2004)
**Prime Minister - Lyubcho Georgievski, Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia (1998–2002)
*Malta -
**President -
**#Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, President of Malta (19941999)
**#Guido de Marco, President of Malta (1999-2004)
**Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1998-2004)
*Moldova -
**President - Petru Lucinschi, President of Moldova (1996-2001)
**Prime Minister -
**#Ion Ciubuc, Prime Minister of Moldova (1997–1999)
**#Serafim Urechean, Prime Minister of Moldova (1999)
**#Ion Sturza, Prime Minister of Moldova (1999)
**#Dumitru Braghiş, Prime Minister of Moldova (1999–2001)
**Transnistria - Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1991-present)
*Monaco -
**Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949-2005)
**Head of Government - Michel Leveque, Minister of State of Monaco (1997-2000)
*The Netherlands -
**Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980-present)
**Prime Minister - Wim Kok, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994-2002)
*Norway -
**Monarch - Harald V, King of Norway (1991-present)
**Prime Minister - Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (1997-2000)
*Poland -
**President - Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995-2005)
**Prime Minister - Jerzy Buzek, Prime Minister of Poland (1997-2001)
*Portugal -
**President - Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996-2006)
**Prime Minister - António Guterres, Prime Minister of Portugal (1995-2002)
*Romania -
**President - Emil Constantinescu, President of Romania (1996-2000)
**Prime Minister -
**#Radu Vasile, Prime Minister of Romania (1998–1999)
**#Alexandru Athanasiu, interim Prime Minister of Romania (1999)
**#Mugur Isărescu, Prime Minister of Romania (1999-2000)
*Russia -
**President -
**#Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia (1991-1999)
**#Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (1999-2008)
**Prime Minister -
**#Yevgeny Primakov, Prime Minister of Russia (1998-1999)
**#Sergei Stepashin, Prime Minister of Russia (1999)
**#Vladimir Putin, Prime Minister of Russia (1999-2000)
*San Marino -
*#Pietro Berti and Paolo Bollini, Captains Regent (1998-1999)
*#Antonello Bacciocchi and Rosa Zafferani, Captains Regent (1999)
*#Marino Bollini and Giuseppe Arzilli, Captains Regent (1999-2000)
*Slovakia -
**President -
**#Mikuláš Dzurinda and Jozef Migaš, acting President of Slovakia (1998-1999)
**#Rudolf Schuster, President of Slovakia (1999-2004)
**Prime Minister - Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998-2006)
*Slovenia -
**President - Milan Kučan, President of Slovenia (1991-2002)
**Prime Minister - Janez Drnovšek, Prime Minister of Slovenia (1992-2000)
*Spain -
**Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–present)
**Prime Minister - José María Aznar, Prime Minister of Spain (1996–2004)
*Sweden -
**Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973-present)
**Prime Minister - Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996-2006)
*Switzerland -
**Swiss Federal Council: Arnold Koller (1986-1999), Flavio Cotti (1986-1999), Adolf Ogi (1987-2000), Kaspar Villiger (1989-2003), Ruth Dreifuss (1993-2002) (President of the Swiss Confederation), Moritz Leuenberger (1995-present), Pascal Couchepin (1998-present), Ruth Metzler-Arnold (1999-2003), Joseph Deiss (1999-2006)
*Turkey -
**President - Süleyman Demirel, President of Turkey (1993-2000)
**Prime Minister -
**#Mesut Yılmaz, Prime Minister of Turkey (1997-1999)
**#Bülent Ecevit, Prime Minister of Turkey (1999-2002)
*Ukraine -
**President - Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994-2005)
**Prime Minister -
**#Valeriy Pustovoitenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1997-1999)
**#Viktor Yushchenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1999-2001)
*United Kingdom -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952-present)
**Prime Minister - Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997-2007)
*Vatican City -
**Pope - John Paul II, Bishop of Rome (1978-2005)
**Secretary of State - Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1991-2006)
*Yugoslavia -
**President - Slobodan Milošević, President of Yugoslavia (1997-2000)
**Prime Minister - Momir Bulatović, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1998-2000)

Middle East

*Bahrain -
**Monarch -
**#Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifah, Emir of Bahrain (1960–1999)
**#Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah, Emir of Bahrain (1999–present)
**Prime Minister - Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–present)
*Egypt -
**President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–present)
**Prime Minister -
**#Kamal Ganzouri, Prime Minister of Egypt (1996-1999)
**#Atef Ebeid, Prime Minister of Egypt (1999-2004)
*Iran -
**Supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
**President - Mohammad Khatami, President of Iran (1997-2005)
*Iraq -
**President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979-2003)
**Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq, (1994-2003)
*Israel -
**President - Ezer Weizman, President of Israel (1993-2000)
**Prime Minister -
**#Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel (1996-1999)
**#Ehud Barak, Prime Minister of Israel (1999-2001)
*Jordan -
**Monarch -
**#Hussein, King of Jordan (1952-1999)
**#Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
**Prime Minister -
**#Fayez al-Tarawneh, Prime Minister of Jordan (1998-1999)
**#Abdelraouf al-Rawabdeh, Prime Minister of Jordan (1999-2000)
*Kuwait -
**Monarch - Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977-2006)
**Prime Minister - Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978-2003)
*Lebanon -
**President - Émile Lahoud, President of Lebanon (1998–present)
**Prime Minister - Selim al-Hoss, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1998-2000)
*Oman - Qaboos, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
*Palestinian National Authority - Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian National Authority (1994-2004)
*Qatar -
**Monarch - Hamad bin Khalifa, Emir of Qatar (1995–present)
**Prime Minister - Abdullah bin Khalifah Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007)
*Saudi Arabia - Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982-2005)
*Syria -
**President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971-2000)
**Prime Minister - Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime Minister of Syria (1987-2000)
*United Arab Emirates -
**President - Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971-2004)
**Prime Minister - Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990-2006)
*Yemen -
**President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1990–present)
**Prime Minister - Abdul Karim al-Iryani, Prime Minister of Yemen (1998-2001)

North America

*Antigua and Barbuda -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
**Governor-General - James Carlisle, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007)
**Prime Minister - Lester Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004)
*Bahamas -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
**Governor-General - Orville Alton Turnquest, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1995–2001)
**Prime Minister - Hubert Ingraham, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002)
*Barbados -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
**Governor-General - Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–present)
**Prime Minister - Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
*Belize -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
**Governor-General - Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–present)
**Prime Minister - Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008)
*Canada -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952-present)
**Governor General -
**#Roméo LeBlanc, Governor General of Canada (1995-1999)
**#Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada (1999-2005)
**Prime Minister - Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada (1993-2003)
*Costa Rica - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, President of Costa Rica (1998–2002)
*Cuba - Fidel Castro, President of Cuba (1976-2008)
*Dominica -
**President - Vernon Shaw, President of Dominica (1998–2003)
**Prime Minister - Edison James, Prime Minister of Dominica (1995–2000)
*Dominican Republic - Leonel Fernández, President of the Dominican Republic (1996–2000)
*El Salvador -
**President -
**#Armando Calderón Sol, President of El Salvador (1994-1999)
**#Francisco Flores Pérez, President of El Salvador (1999-2004)
*Grenada -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
**Governor-General - Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–present)
**Prime Minister - Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
*Guatemala - Álvaro Arzú, President of Guatemala (1996-2000)
*Haiti -
**President - René Préval, President of Haiti (1996-2001)
**Prime Minister - Jacques-Édouard Alexis, Prime Minister of Haiti (1999-2001)
*Honduras - Carlos Roberto Flores, President of Honduras (1998-2002)
*Jamaica -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
**Governor-General - Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991-2006)
**Prime Minister - P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992-2006)
*Mexico - Ernesto Zedillo, President of Mexico (1994-2000)
*Nicaragua - Arnoldo Alemán, President of Nicaragua (1997-2002)
*Panama -
*#Ernesto Pérez Balladares, President of Panama (1994-1999)
*#Mireya Moscoso, President of Panama (1999-2004)
*Saint Kitts and Nevis -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
**Governor-General - Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–present)
**Prime Minister - Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–present)
*Saint Lucia -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
**Governor-General - Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–present)
**Prime Minister - Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997-2006)
*Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -
**Monarch - Elizabeth II, |Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
**Governor-General - Charles Antrobus, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1996-2002)
**Prime Minister - James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984-2000)
*Trinidad and Tobago -
**President - A. N. R. Robinson, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1997-2003)
**Prime Minister - Basdeo Panday, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995-2001)
*United States - Bill Clinton, President of the United States (1993-2001)

outh America

* Argentina -
*# Carlos Menem, President of Argentina (1989-1999)
*# Fernando de la Rúa, President of Argentina(1999-2001)
* Bolivia - Hugo Banzer, President of Bolivia (1997-2001)
* Brazil - Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President of Brazil (1995-2003)
* Chile - Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, President of Chile (1994-2000)
* Colombia - Andrés Pastrana Arango, President of Colombia (1998-2002)
* Ecuador - Jamil Mahuad, President of Ecuador (1998-2000)
* Guyana -
** President -
**# Janet Jagan, President of Guyana (1997-1999)
**# Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999-present)
** Prime Minister -
**#Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1997-1999)
**#Bharrat Jagdeo, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999)
**#Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999-present)
* Paraguay -
*# Raúl Cubas Grau, President of Paraguay (1998-1999)
*# Luis Ángel González Macchi, President of Paraguay (1999-2003)
*Peru -
**President - Alberto Fujimori, President of Peru (1990-2000)
**Prime Minister -
**#Alberto Pandolfi, Prime Minister of Peru (1998-1999)
**#Víctor Joy Way, Prime Minister of Peru (1999)
**#Alberto Bustamante Belaunde, Prime Minister of Peru (1999-2000)
* Suriname - Jules Wijdenbosch, President of Suriname (1996-2000)
* Uruguay - Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo, President of Uruguay (1995-2000)
* Venezuela -
*# Rafael Caldera, President of Venezuela (1994-1999)
*# Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (1999-2002)

References

* [http://www.rulers.org/ Rulers]