Zakir Hussain (politician)

Zakir Hussain ذاکِر حسین
President of India
In office 13 May 1967 – 3 May 1969
Prime Minister	Indira Gandhi
Vice President	Varahagiri Venkata Giri
Preceded by	Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Succeeded by	Varahagiri Venkata Giri (Acting)
Vice President of India
In office 13 May 1962 – 12 May 1967
President	Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Preceded by	Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Succeeded by	Varahagiri Venkata Giri
Governor of Bihar
In office 6 July 1957 – 11 May 1962
Chief Minister	Krishna Sinha Deep Narayan Singh
Preceded by	R. R. Diwakar
Succeeded by	Madabhushi Ananthasayanam Ayyangar
Personal details
Born	8 February 1897(1897-02-08) Hyderabad Deccan,[1] (now India)
Died	3 May 1969(1969-05-03) (aged 72) New Delhi, India
Political party	Independent
Spouse(s)	Shahjehan Begum
Alma mater	Islamia High School,]].[2] Aligarh Muslim University University of Delhi National Islamic University Humboldt University of Berlin
Religion	Islam

Dr. Zakir Hussain  pronunciation (help·info) (8 February 1897 - 3 May 1969) (Hindi: ज़ाकिर हुसैन) (Urdu: زاکِر حسین), was the third President of India from 13 May 1967 until his death on 3 May 1969. He was the first elected Muslim president of India.

He was awarded the highest Indian national honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1963.

Early life and background

Zakir Hussain was born in Hyderabad Deccan,^[3] India. His ancestors were among the Rohilla Pashtun from Rohilkhand however, his roots linked to the Afridi Pushtuns pertaining to the mountainous region located at the border between Pakistani province of Sobha Sarhat and eastern Afghanistan. His ancestors were the pushtun soldiers who moved to Rohilkhand Northern India during the Afghan invasion of the 17th century. His family had migrated from Hyderabad Deccan to Kaimganj, district Farrukhabad in Uttar Pradesh. His father died when he was ten years old, and his mother died in 1911 when he was fourteen years old. He attended Islamia High School, Etawah, and was then educated at the Anglo-Muhammadan Oriental College (now Aligarh Muslim University), where he was a prominent student leader.^[4][5]

Career

Hussain, then only 23, was among the small group of students and teachers who founded a National Muslim University, first founded in Aligarh on Friday 29 October 1920 then shifted to Karol Bagh, New Delhi in 1925, then after shifted again on 1 March 1935 in Jamia Nagar, New Delhi and named it Jamia Millia Islamia (a central university). He subsequently went to Germany to obtain a PhD from the University of Berlin in Economics. While in Germany, Hussain was instrumental in bringing out the anthology of arguably the greatest Urdu poet Mirza Assadullah Khan "Ghalib" (1797–1868).^[6]

He returned to India to head the Jamia Millia Islamia which was facing closure in 1927. He continued in that position for the next twenty-one years providing academic and managerial leadership to an institution that was intimately involved with India's struggle for freedom from the British Rule and experimented with value base education on the lines advocated by Mahatma Gandhi and Hakim Ajmal Khan.^[7] During this period he continued to engage himself with movements for educational reforms in India and was particularly active in the affairs of his old alma mater the MAO College, now the Aligarh Muslim University. During this period Hussain emerged as one of the most prominent educational thinkers and practitioners of modern India. His personal sacrifice and untiring efforts to keep the Jamia afloat in very adverse circumstances won him appreciation of even his arch political rivals like Mohammed Ali Jinnah.

Soon after India attained independence, Hussain agreed to be the Vice chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University which was facing trying times in post partition India because of active involvement of a section of its teachers and students in the movement for creation of Pakistan, where incidentally Hussain's relatives brother Dr. Mahmood Hussain and nephew General Rahimuddin Khan would migrate to and achieve eminence. Dr Hussain, again, provided leadership during a critical phase of the history of the University at Aligarh from 1948-1956. Soon after completing his term as Vice Chancellor he was nominated as a member of the Upper House of Indian Parliament in 1956, a position he vacated in 1957 to become Governor of the State of Bihar.

After serving as the Governor of Bihar from 1957 to 1962, and as the second Vice President of India from 1962 to 1967, Hussain was elected President of India on 13 May 1967. In his inaugural speech he said that the whole of India was his home and all its people were his family.

Hussain died on 3 May 1969, the first Indian President to die in office. He is buried on the campus of the Jamia Millia Islamia (or Central University) in New Delhi.

References

1. ^ [1]
2. ^ [2]
3. ^ [3]
4. ^ Fārūqī, Z̤iāʼulḥasan (1999). "Dr. Zakir Hussain, quest for truth". Chapter 2 - Islamia High School Etawah. APH Publishing. http://books.google.com/books?id=uzNnwUasQ3wC&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20&dq=%22Islamia+High+School%22. Retrieved 20 October 2010. 
5. ^ Ganihar, Noorjehan N.; Belagali, H.V. (2008). "Educational Philosophy of Dr. Zakir Husain". Page 52 - Early Life. Global Vision Publishing Ho. http://books.google.com/books?id=dR67fUS1X-kC&pg=PA52&lpg=PA52&dq=%22Islamia+High+School%22+Etawah. Retrieved 20 October 2010. 
6. ^ Zakir Saheb by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Zakir Sahab Zatti Yadain, Edited by Dr. Abid Raza Bedar, Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library, Patna, 1993, p. 165-168
7. ^ Zakir Sahab Aur Hakim Ajmal Khan by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Dr. Zakir Hussain Khan – Hayat, Fikr Aur Aman, Edited by Professor Abdul Ghaffar Shakil & Dr. Khaliq Anjum, Karnataka Urdu Academy, Bangalore, 1999. p. 157-174

See also

Yousuf Hussain Khan

External links

• Minority minister, V-C read Fatiha at Dr Zakir Hussain’s grave - TCN News
• Dr. Zakir Hussain Biography

Political offices
Preceded by R. R. Diwakar	Governor of Bihar 1957–1962	Succeeded by Madabhushi Ananthasayanam Ayyangar
Preceded by Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan	Vice President of India 1962–1967	Succeeded by Varahagiri Venkata Giri
	President of India 1967–1969

Persondata
Name	Husain, Zakir
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	8 February 1897
Place of birth	Hyderabad, India
Date of death	3 May 1969
Place of death	New Delhi, India