List of Nepenthes natural hybrids

List of Nepenthes natural hybrids
Nepenthes × kinabaluensis (centre) dwarfs its smaller parent species, N. villosa (left). A 2002 study found 1180 individual N. villosa growing in 11 plots, each measuring 0.01 hectares, at elevations of between 2610 m and 2970 m on Mount Kinabalu. This number constituted 94% of the pitcher plants recorded from the plots, the rest being N. × kinabaluensis.[1]

This list of Nepenthes natural hybrids is a comprehensive listing of all recorded natural hybrids involving species of the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes. Hybrids that are not endemic to a given region are marked with an asterisk.

Contents

Named natural hybrids

Nepenthes × hookeriana (left) and N. × trichocarpa (right), two of the most widespread natural hybrids. Both occur across Borneo, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, and Singapore.[2][3][4]


Borneo

Left: N. albomarginata × N. northiana (N. × cincta)

Right: N. burbidgeae × N. fusca

Left: N. burbidgeae × N. rajah (N. × alisaputrana)

Right: N. edwardsiana × N. villosa (N. × harryana)

Left: N. fusca × N. stenophylla

Right: N. gracilis × N. northiana (N. × bauensis)

Left: N. lowii × N. macrophylla (N. × trusmadiensis)

Right: N. mirabilis × N. northiana

Nepenthes natural hybrids recorded from Borneo.

  1. N. albomarginata × N. ampullaria[2] *
  2. ? N. albomarginata × N. chaniana[5]
  3. N. albomarginata × N. clipeata[2]
  4. N. albomarginata × N. hirsuta[2]
  5. N. albomarginata × N. macrovulgaris[5]
  6. N. albomarginata × N. northiana [=N. × cincta][2]
  7. N. albomarginata × N. rafflesiana[5][6]
  8. N. albomarginata × N. reinwardtiana [=N. × ferrugineomarginata][2] *
  9. N. albomarginata × N. veitchii[2]
  10. N. ampullaria × N. bicalcarata[2]
  11. N. ampullaria × N. gracilis [=N. × trichocarpa][2] *
  12. (N. ampullaria × N. gracilis) × N. bicalcarata [=N. × trichocarpa × N. bicalcarata]
  13. N. ampullaria × N. hirsuta[2]
  14. N. ampullaria × N. mirabilis [=N. × kuchingensis, Nepenthes cutinensis][2] *
  15. N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana [=N. × hookeriana][2] *
  16. ? (N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana) × N. mirabilis [=N. × hookeriana × N. mirabilis][6]
  17. N. bicalcarata × N. gracilis [=N. × cantleyi][2]
  18. N. bicalcarata × N. mirabilis[5] (including N. bicalcarata × N. mirabilis var. echinostoma)[2]
  19. N. bicalcarata × N. rafflesiana[2]
  20.  ? (N. bicalcarata × N. rafflesiana) × N. mirabilis var. echinostoma[2]
  21. N. burbidgeae × N. edwardsiana[2]
  22. N. burbidgeae × N. fusca[2]
  23. N. burbidgeae × N. rajah [=N. × alisaputrana][2]
  24. N. burbidgeae × N. tentaculata[2]
  25. N. chaniana × N. veitchii[7][note a]
  26. N. clipeata × N. rafflesiana[7]
  27. N. clipeata × N. reinwardtiana[2]
  28. N. edwardsiana × N. rajah[2]
  29. N. edwardsiana × N. villosa [=N. × harryana][2]
  30.  ? N. faizaliana × N. veitchii[7]
  31. N. fusca × N. lowii[7][note b]
  32. N. fusca × N. platychila[8]
  33. N. fusca × N. rajah[2]
  34. N. fusca × N. reinwardtiana[5] [=?N. naquiyuddinii][7]
  35. N. fusca × N. stenophylla[7]
  36. N. fusca × N. tentaculata[7]
  37. N. fusca × N. veitchii [=?N. hurrelliana][2]
  38. N. gracilis × N. mirabilis [=N. × sharifah-hapsahii, N. × ghazallyana, N. × grabilis, N. neglecta?][2][5] *
  39. N. gracilis × N. northiana [=N. × bauensis][9]
  40. N. gracilis × N. rafflesiana[2] *
  41. N. gracilis × N. reinwardtiana[7] *
  42.  ? N. hirsuta × N. lowii[7]
  43. N. hispida × N. reinwardtiana[2]
  44. N. hurrelliana × N. lowii[7][10]
  45. N. hurrelliana × N. veitchii[5] [=?(N. fusca × N. veitchii) × N. veitchii]
  46. N. lowii × N. macrophylla [=N. × trusmadiensis][2]
  47. N. lowii × N. muluensis[5]
  48. N. lowii × N. rajah[11]
  49. N. lowii × N. stenophylla[2]
  50.  ? N. lowii × N. tentaculata[12]
  51. N. lowii × N. veitchii[2]
  52. N. macrovulgaris × N. rajah[2]
  53. N. macrovulgaris × N. reinwartdiana[2]
  54. N. macrovulgaris × N. tentaculata[2]
  55. N. mirabilis × N. northiana[7]
  56. N. mirabilis × N. rafflesiana[2] * (including N. mirabilis var. echinostoma × N. rafflesiana)[7]
  57. N. mirabilis × N. reinwardtiana[7]
  58.  ? N. muluensis × N. tentaculata [=N. × sarawakiensis,[2] ?N. muluensis][7]
  59. N. rajah × N. stenophylla[2]
  60. N. rajah × N. tentaculata[2]
  61. N. rajah × N. villosa [=N × kinabaluensis][2]
  62. N. reinwardtiana × N. stenophylla[2]
  63. N. reinwardtiana × N. tentaculata[5] [=?N. murudensis][2]
  64. N. stenophylla × N. tentaculata[2]
  65. N. stenophylla × N. veitchii[2]

Endemic species with no known natural hybrids:[5]

Nepenthes hurrelliana and N. murudensis are of putative hybrid origin, but are considered species by most taxonomists, as they form stable, fertile populations independent of their original parent species. The same could be said for stable hybrids such as N × kinabaluensis. Indeed, species status has been proposed for this taxon in the past.[13]

Sumatra

Nepenthes natural hybrids recorded from Sumatra.

  1. N. albomarginata × N. ampullaria[3] *
  2. N. albomarginata × N. eustachya[3]
  3. N. albomarginata × N. reinwardtiana [=N. × ferrugineomarginata][3] *
  4. N. ampullaria × N. eustachya[5]
  5. N. ampullaria × N. gracilis [=N. × trichocarpa][3] *
  6. N. ampullaria × N. mirabilis [=N. × kuchingensis, Nepenthes cutinensis][3] *
  7. N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana [=N. × hookeriana][3] *
  8. N. ampullaria × N. reinwardtiana[3]
  9. N. ampullaria × N. tobaica[3]
  10. N. angasanensis × N. densiflora[3]
  11. N. aristolochioides × N. singalana[3]
  12.  ? N. beccariana × N. sumatrana
  13. N. bongso × N. gymnamphora[3]
  14. N. bongso × N. singalana[3]
  15. N. bongso × N. talangensis[3]
  16. N. diatas × N. mikei[3]
  17. N. dubia × N. izumiae[3][note c]
  18. ? N. dubia × N. jacquelineae[5][14]
  19. ? N. eustachya × N. gracilis[5]
  20. N. eustachya × N. longifolia[3]
  21. N. eustachya × N. sumatrana[3]
  22. N. flava × N. ovata[15]
  23. N. flava × N. rhombicaulis[15]
  24. N. gracilis × N. mirabilis [=N. × sharifah-hapsahii, N. × ghazallyana, N. × grabilis, N. neglecta?][3][5] *
  25. N. gracilis × N. rafflesiana[3] *
  26. N. gracilis × N. reinwardtiana[3] *
  27. N. gracilis × N. sumatrana[5]
  28. N. gymnamphora × N. mikei[3] [=N. × pangulubauensis]
  29. N. gymnamphora × N. ovata[3]
  30. N. gymnamphora × N. reinwardtiana[3]
  31.  ? N. gymnamphora × N. rhombicaulis[5]
  32. N. gymnamphora × N. singalana[3]
  33. N. gymnamphora × N. spathulata[3]
  34. N. gymnamphora × N. spectabilis[3]
  35. N. gymnamphora × N. talangensis[3]
  36. N. inermis × N. singalana[5]
  37. N. inermis × N. spathulata[3]
  38. N. inermis × N. talangensis [=N. × pyriformis][3]
  39. N. izumiae × N. jacquelineae[5]
  40. N. jamban × N. lingulata
  41.  ? N. longifolia × N. sumatrana[5]
  42. N. mikei × N. ovata[3]
  43. N. mikei × N. spectabilis[3]
  44. N. mirabilis × N. rafflesiana[3] *
  45. N. mirabilis × N. spathulata[3]
  46. N. mirabilis × N. sumatrana[5]
  47. N. ovata × N. rhombicaulis[3]
  48. N. ovata × N. spectabilis[3]
  49. N. reinwardtiana × N. spathulata[3]
  50. N. reinwardtiana × N. tobaica[3]
  51. N. rhombicaulis × N. spectabilis[3]
  52. N. rhombicaulis × N. tobaica[3]
  53. N. rigidifolia × N. spectabilis[3][note d]
  54.  ? N. singalana × N. spathulata[3]
  55. N. spathulata × N. tobaica[3]
  56. N. spectabilis × N. tobaica[3]

Endemic species with no known natural hybrids:[5]


Philippines

Putative natural hybrids from Mount Hamiguitan
Putative natural hybrids from Mount Hamiguitan

Nepenthes natural hybrids recorded from the Philippines.

  1. N. alata × N. burkei[5]
  2. N. alata × N. merrilliana [=N. × merrilliata][16]
  3.  ? (N. alata × N. merrilliana) × N. mirabilis [=N. × tsangoya][17]
  4. N. alata × N. mindanaoensis[5]
  5. N. alata × N. mirabilis [=N. × mirabilata][18]
  6.  ? N. alata × N. petiolata[18]
  7. N. alata × N. pulchra[19]
  8. N. alata × N. truncata [=N. × truncalata][20]
  9. N. alata × N. ventricosa [=N. × ventrata][16]
  10. N. bellii × N. merrilliana[5]
  11. N. bellii × N. mindanaoensis[5]
  12. N. ceciliae × N. pulchra[19]
  13. N. merrilliana× N. mindanaoensis[5]
  14. N. merrilliana × N. mirabilis[5]
  15.  ? N. micramphora × N. mindanaoensis[5]
  16. N. mindanaoensis × N. truncata[5]
  17. N. palawanensis × N. aff. philippinensis[19]
  18.  ? N. petiolata × N. truncata[18]

In addition, certain plants from Mount Hamiguitan may represent crosses involving N. hamiguitanensis, N. micramphora, N. mindanaoensis, and N. peltata.[19]

Endemic species with no known natural hybrids:[5]

Nepenthes petiolata may itself have evolved from a cross between N. alata and N. truncata.[5]

Plants from Mount Hamiguitan that were originally thought to represent the natural hybrid N. micramphora × N. peltata[5] are now recognised as belonging to a distinct species of possible hybridogenic origin, N. hamiguitanensis.[23]

Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore

Nepenthes natural hybrids recorded from Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore.

  1. N. albomarginata × N. ampullaria[3] *
  2. N. albomarginata × N. gracilis
  3. ? N. albomarginata × N. sanguinea[5][24]
  4. N. ampullaria × N. gracilis [=N. × trichocarpa][3] *
  5. N. ampullaria × N. mirabilis [=N. × kuchingensis, Nepenthes cutinensis][3] *
  6. N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana [=N. × hookeriana][3] *
  7. N. benstonei × N. mirabilis[3]
  8. N. gracilis × N. mirabilis [=N. × sharifah-hapsahii, N. × ghazallyana, N. × grabilis, N. neglecta?][3][5] *
  9. N. macfarlanei × N. ramispina[3]
  10. N. macfarlanei × N. sanguinea[3]
  11. N. mirabilis × N. rafflesiana[3] *
  12. N. ramispina × N. sanguinea[3]

Two natural hybrids have been recorded from Singapore: N. × hookeriana and N. × trichocarpa.[2] As such, all three species from Singapore are known to hybridise.

In Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia, Charles Clarke lists the natural hybrid N. gracillima × N. macfarlanei.[3] At the time of the book's publication, N. alba was considered a heterotypic synonym of N. gracillima. Since then, however, N. alba has been elevated to a species.[5] As both N. alba and N. gracillima occur on Mount Tahan, from which Clarke recorded the hybrid, it is unknown which taxon was involved in the cross.

Indochina

Nepenthes natural hybrids recorded from Indochina. For the purpose of this list, the area encompasses Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.

  1. N. ampullaria × N. gracilis [=N. × trichocarpa][25] *
  2. N. ampullaria × N. mirabilis [=N. × kuchingensis, Nepenthes cutinensis][25] *
  3. N. andamana × N. mirabilis[25] (including N. andamana × N. mirabilis var. globosa)[25]
  4. N. gracilis × N. mirabilis [=N. × sharifah-hapsahii, N. × ghazallyana, N. × grabilis, N. neglecta?][25] *
  5. N. kampotiana × N. mirabilis[25]
  6. N. kongkandana × N. mirabilis[25]
  7.  ? N. mirabilis × N. thorelii[26][27]

Endemic species with no known natural hybrids:[5][25]

Sulawesi

Nepenthes natural hybrids recorded from Sulawesi.

  1.  ? N. eymae × N. maxima[5]
  2. N. glabrata × N. hamata[5][29]
  3. N. glabrata × N. maxima[5]
  4. N. glabrata × N. tentaculata[5]
  5. N. hamata × N. tentaculata[5]
  6. N. mirabilis × N. tomoriana[5]

Endemic species with no known natural hybrids:[5]


New Guinea and the Maluku Islands

A lower pitcher (left) and an upper pitcher (right) of
N. maxima × N. neoguineensis

Nepenthes natural hybrids recorded from New Guinea and the Maluku Islands.

  1. N. ampullaria × N. mirabilis [=N. × kuchingensis, Nepenthes cutinensis] *
  2. N. ampullaria × N. neoguineensis[5]
  3. N. insignis × N. mirabilis[30]
  4. N. klossii × N. maxima[31]
  5. N. maxima × N. neoguineensis[5]

Endemic species with no known natural hybrids:[5]

Australia

Nepenthes natural hybrids recorded from Australia.

  1. N. mirabilis × N. rowanae[32]
  2. N. mirabilis × N. tenax[5]
  3. N. rowanae × N. tenax[5]

Complex hybrids involving all three species are also common.[5]

All three species from Australia are known to hybridise.

Outlying areas

There are six additional species endemic to areas other than those listed above. These are:

Of these, the only species that could conceivably hybridise in the wild are N. madagascariensis and N. masoalensis. Although the ranges of the two species used to meet near Cape Masoala, no natural hybrids have ever been recorded.[5]

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ Adam, J.H. 2002. Demographic study of Nepenthes species (Nepenthaceae) recorded along the trail to the summit of Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysia.PDF (302 KiB) Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 5(4): 419–426. doi:10.3923/pjbs.2002.419.426
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. xi + 207 pp. ISBN 983-812-057-X
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be Clarke, C. M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. ix + 325 pp. ISBN 983-812-050-2
  4. ^ Clarke, C.M. 2002. A Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  6. ^ a b Lowrie, A. 1983. Sabah Nepenthes Expeditions 1982 & 1983.PDF (1.25 MiB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 12(4): 88–95.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Phillips, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  8. ^ Lee, C.C. 2002. Nepenthes platychila (Nepenthaceae), a new species of pitcher plant from Sarawak, Borneo. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 54: 257-261.
  9. ^ Lee, C.C. 2004. Nepenthes. In: Sarawak Bau Limestone Biodiversity. H.S. Yong, F.S.P. Ng and E.E.L. Yen (eds). The Sarawak Museum Journal Vol. LIX, No. 80; Special Issue No. 6: 71-77.
  10. ^ Lee, C.C. 2007. Re: lowii and hurrelliana of Mt. Murud. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics.
  11. ^ A rare find: N. rajah nat. hybrid. Flora Nepenthaceae.
  12. ^ Steiner, H. 2002. Borneo: Its Mountains and Lowlands with their Pitcher Plants. Toihaan Publishing Company, Kota Kinabalu. viii + 136 pp. ISBN 983-40421-1-6
  13. ^ Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1998 ['1996']. Pitcher plants of Mt. Kinabalu in Sabah. The Sarawak Museum Journal 50(71): 145–171.
  14. ^ Wistuba, A. Strange hybrid with Nepenthes jacquelineae? Wistuba.com.
  15. ^ a b Wistuba, A., J. Nerz & A. Fleischmann 2007. Nepenthes flava, a new species of Nepenthaceae from the northern part of Sumatra. Blumea 52(1): 159–163.
  16. ^ a b Fleming, R. 1979. Hybrid Nepenthes.PDF (626 KiB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 8(1): 10–12.
  17. ^ Lauffenburger, A. 1995. Guide to Nepenthes Hybrids. OmnisTerra.
  18. ^ a b c Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana 15: 1–157.
  19. ^ a b c d McPherson, S.R. & V.B. Amoroso 2011. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  20. ^ Mann, P. 1998. A trip to the Philippines. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 27(1): 6–11.
  21. ^ McPherson, S., J. Cervancia, C. Lee, M. Jaunzems, A. Fleischmann, F. Mey, E. Gironella & A. Robinson 2010. Nepenthes gantungensis (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Mount Gantung, Palawan, Philippines. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1286–1295.
  22. ^ McPherson, S., G. Bourke, J. Cervancia, M. Jaunzems, E. Gironella, A. Robinson & A. Fleischmann 2011. Nepenthes leonardoi (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Palawan, Philippines. Carniflora Australis 8(1): 4–19.
  23. ^ Gronemeyer, T., A. Wistuba, V. Heinrich, S. McPherson, F. Mey & A. Amoroso 2010. Nepenthes hamiguitanensis (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Mindanao Island, Philippines. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1296–1305.
  24. ^ Shivas, R.G. 1985. Variation in Nepenthes albo-marginata.PDF (670 KiB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 14(1): 13–14.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h (Italian) Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes della Thailandia. Prague.
  26. ^ Bednar, B. 1983. Nepenthes mirabilis variation.PDF (111 KiB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 12(3): 64.
  27. ^ N. thorelii rediscovered. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics.
  28. ^ Mey, F.S., M. Catalano, C. Clarke, A. Robinson, A. Fleischmann & S. McPherson 2010. Nepenthes holdenii (Nepenthaceae), a new species of pyrophytic pitcher plant from the Cardamom Mountains of Cambodia.PDF In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1306–1331.
  29. ^ Lee, C.C. 2006. Sulawesi Photographs. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics.
  30. ^ Rischer, H. 1995. Observations on the Nepenthes species of Irian Jaya, Part I: Nepenthes insignis Danser.PDF (461 KiB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 24(3): 75–77.
  31. ^ Evans, D.P. 2009. New Cultivars: Nepenthes maxima ‘Lake Poso’. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 38(1): 18–22.
  32. ^ Clarke, C.M. & R. Kruger 2005. Nepenthes rowanae (Nepenthaceae), a remarkable species from Cape York, Australia. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 34(2): 36–41.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • List of Nepenthes species — Sympatric upper pitchers of N. jamban (left) and N. lingulata (right) in Sumatran upper montane forest This list of Nepenthes species is a comprehensive listing of all known species of the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes. It includes… …   Wikipedia

  • List of Nepenthes species by distribution — Global distribution of Nepenthes This list of Nepenthes species is a comprehensive listing of all known species of the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes arranged according to their distribution. It is based on the 2009 monograph, Pitcher Plants… …   Wikipedia

  • List of Nepenthes literature — A watercolour of N. bongso from Pieter Willem Korthals s Over het geslacht Nepenthes of 1839, generally regarded as the first monograph on the genus.[1][2] …   Wikipedia

  • Nepenthes rajah — Large lower pitcher of Nepenthes rajah. Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Conservation status …   Wikipedia

  • Nepenthes — For the drug of forgetfulness mentioned in Greek mythology, see Nepenthe. Nepenthes Upper pitcher of Nepenthes edwardsiana Scient …   Wikipedia

  • List of carnivorous plants — This list of carnivorous plants is a comprehensive listing of all known carnivorous plant species. It is based on Jan Schlauer s [http://www.omnisterra.com/bot/cp home.cgi Carnivorous Plant Database] . Extinct taxa are denoted with a dagger (†).… …   Wikipedia

  • Nepenthes sanguinea — A lower pitcher of Nepenthes sanguinea Conservation status …   Wikipedia

  • Nepenthes × alisaputrana — A lower pitcher of N. × alisaputrana Scientific classification Kingdom: Plant …   Wikipedia

  • Nepenthes × merrilliata — Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked) …   Wikipedia

  • Nepenthes × sharifah-hapsahii — An upper pitcher of N. × sharifah hapsahii from Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia Scientific classification Kingdom …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”