- Nepenthes reinwardtiana
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Nepenthes reinwardtiana 
Nepenthes reinwardtiana pitchers Conservation status Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Eudicots (unranked): Core eudicots Order: Caryophyllales Family: Nepenthaceae Genus: Nepenthes Species: N. reinwardtiana Binomial name Nepenthes reinwardtiana
Miq. (1852)Synonyms - ?Nepenthes naquiyuddinii
J.H.Adam & Hafiza (2006) - Nepenthes reinwardtii
Hook.f. (1859) sphalm.typogr.
Nepenthes reinwardtiana (pronounced /nɨˈpɛnθiːz ˌraɪnwɔrtiˈɑːnə/, after Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt), Reinwardt's Pitcher-Plant,[1] is a Nepenthes species found on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra.[2] Although some sources have included Peninsular Malaysia[3][4][5][6] and Singapore[4][7] within the range of this species, these records appear to be erroneous.[8][9]
Nepenthes reinwardtiana has an unusually wide altitudinal distribution of 0–2200 m,[2] being both a "lowland" and "highland" plant. There are many different colour forms, ranging from green to dark red. This species is known for the two "eye spots" on the inside surface of its pitchers.
Contents
Taxonomy and systematics
Upper pitchers of a plant identified as N. naquiyuddinii
Nepenthes naquiyuddinii
Nepenthes naquiyuddinii[note a] (pronounced /nɨˈpɛnθiːz ˌnækɨjʊˈdɪni.aɪ/) was described in 2006 by J. H. Adam and Hafiza A. Hamid.[10][11] The taxon is only known from Keningau-Kimanis Road and the foot of Mount Trus Madi, both in Sabah, Borneo, where it grows at an elevation of 1400 to 1424 m in open secondary vegetation.[10]
Although acknowledging close affinities between N. naquiyuddinii and N. reinwardtiana, Adam and Hafiza stated that the "two species exhibit many morphological differences and therefore they cannot be united into the same species".[10] However, some authors consider these differences too small for species status and treat N. naquiyuddinii as a heterotypic synonym of N. reinwardtiana.[12] Alternatively, N. naquiyuddinii may represent a natural hybrid involving N. fusca and N. reinwardtiana, the only species that are sympatric with it.[13]
Phylogeny
In 2001, Charles Clarke performed a cladistic analysis of the Nepenthes species of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia using 70 morphological characteristics of each taxon. The following is a portion of the resultant cladogram, showing part of "Clade 6". The sister pair of N. angasanensis and N. mikei has 79% support.[14]
unnamed N. reinwardtiana
unnamed 79% Intraspecific taxa
- Nepenthes reinwardtiana var. samarindaensis J.H.Adam & Wilcock (1993)[15]
Natural hybrids
N. fusca × N. reinwardtiana
N. reinwardtiana × N. stenophyllaThe following natural hybrids involving N. reinwardtiana have been recorded.
- N. albomarginata × N. reinwardtiana [=N. × ferrugineomarginata][16]
- N. ampullaria × N. reinwardtiana[14]
- N. clipeata × N. reinwardtiana[16]
- N. fusca × N. reinwardtiana[2] [=?N. naquiyuddinii][13]
- N. gracilis × N. reinwardtiana[14]
- N. gymnamphora × N. reinwardtiana[14]
- N. hispida × N. reinwardtiana[16]
- N. macrovulgaris × N. reinwardtiana[16]
- N. mirabilis × N. reinwardtiana[13]
- N. reinwardtiana × N. spathulata[14]
- N. reinwardtiana × N. stenophylla[16]
- N. reinwardtiana × N. tentaculata[2] [=?N. murudensis][16]
- N. reinwardtiana × N. tobaica[14][17]
Notes
- a.^ The species was named after the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Pro-Chancellor, Yang Amat Mulia Tunku Laxamana Tunku Dato' Seri Utama Naquiyuddin Ibni Tuanku Ja'afar.[10]
References
- ^ Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ^ a b c d McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. Das Pflanzenreich IV, III, Heft 36: 1–91.
- ^ a b Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
- ^ Holttum, R.E. 1940. Malayan pitcher-plants. Malayan Nature Journal 1: 35–44.
- ^ Shivas, R.G. 1984. Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia & Singapore. Maruzen Asia, Kuala Lumpur.
- ^ Green, S. 1967. Notes on the distribution of Nepenthes species in Singapore. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 22: 53–65.
- ^ Adam, J.H., C.C. Wilcock & M.D. Swaine 1992. The ecology and distribution of Bornean Nepenthes.PDF Journal of Tropical Forest Science 5(1): 13–25.
- ^ Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15.
- ^ a b c d Adam, J.H. & Hafiza A. Hamid 2006. Pitcher Plants (Nepenthes) Recorded from Keningau-Kimanis Road in Sabah, Malaysia.PDF (2.40 MiB) International Journal of Botany 2(4): 431-436. ISSN 1811-9700 doi:10.3923/ijb.2006.431.436
- ^ Fong, L.F. 2007. New pitcher species. The Star, May 11, 2007.
- ^ Rice, B.A. 2006. Do you want to tell me about a species I missed? The Carnivorous Plant FAQ.
- ^ a b c Phillips, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ^ a b c d e f Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ^ Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1993. A new variety of Nepenthes reinwardtiana Miquel from Kalimantan, Borneo. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 50(1): 99–104.
- ^ a b c d e f Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ^ (Indonesian) Dariana 2010. Keanekaragaman Nepenthes dan pohon inang di Taman Wisata Alam Sicikeh-Cikeh Kabupaten Dairi Sumatera Utara. M.Sc. thesis, University of North Sumatra, Medan.
Further reading
- Adam, J.H. 1997. Prey spectra of Bornean Nepenthes species (Nepenthaceae) in relation to their habitat.PDF Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 20(2–3): 121–134.
- Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1999. Palynological study of Bornean Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae).PDF Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 22(1): 1–7.
- Beaman, J.H. & C. Anderson 2004. The Plants of Mount Kinabalu: 5. Dicotyledon Families Magnoliaceae to Winteraceae. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- Bourke, G. 2011. The Nepenthes of Mulu National Park. Carniflora Australis 8(1): 20–31.
- Clarke et al. (2000). Nepenthes reinwardtiana. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 12 May 2006.
- (Indonesian) Handayani, T. 1999. Konservasi Nepenthes di kebun raya Indonesia.PDF [Conservation of Nepenthes in Indonesian botanic gardens.] In: A. Mardiastuti, I. Sudirman, K.G. Wiryawan, L.I. Sudirman, M.P. Tampubolon, R. Megia & Y. Lestari (eds.) Prosiding II: Seminar Hasil-Hasil Penelitian Bidang Ilmu Hayat. Pusat Antar Universitas Ilmu Hayat IPB, Bogor. pp. 365–372.
- Hernawati & P. Akhriadi 2006. A Field Guide to the Nepenthes of Sumatra. PILI-NGO Movement, Bogor.
- Lee, C.C. 2002. Nepenthes species of the Hose Mountains in Sarawak, Borneo.PDF Proceedings of the 4th International Carnivorous Plant Conference, Hiroshima University, Tokyo: 25–30.
- (Indonesian) Mansur, M. 2001. Koleksi Nepenthes di Herbarium Bogoriense: prospeknya sebagai tanaman hias.PDF In: Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor. pp. 244–253.
- (Indonesian) Rosyida, U. & S. Hut 2010. Keberadaan Nepenthes di cagar alam Padang Luway. Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Kalimantan Timur.
- Thong, J. 2006. Travels around North Borneo – Part 1.PDF Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Journal 81: 12–17.
- Thorogood, C. 2010. The Malaysian Nepenthes: Evolutionary and Taxonomic Perspectives. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
- (Indonesian) Yogiara 2004. Analisis komunitas bakteri cairan kantung semar (Nepenthes spp.) menggunakan teknik terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) dan amplified ribosomul DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA).PDF M.Sc. thesis, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor.
- Yogiara, A. Suwanto & M.T. Suhartono 2006. A complex bacterial community living in pitcher plant fluid. Jurnal Mikrobiologi Indonesia 11(1): 9–14.
Incompletely diagnosed taxa: N. sp. Misool • N. sp. Papua • N. sp. Sulawesi
Possible extinct species: N. echinatus • N. echinosporus • N. majorCategories:- IUCN Red List least concern species
- Carnivorous plants of Asia
- Nepenthes
- Plants described in 1852
- Least concern plants
- ?Nepenthes naquiyuddinii
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