- Nepenthes bongso
-
Nepenthes bongso 
A freshly opened lower pitcher Conservation status Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Eudicots (unranked): Core eudicots Order: Caryophyllales Family: Nepenthaceae Genus: Nepenthes Species: N. bongso Binomial name Nepenthes bongso
Korth. (1839)[1]
Distribution of N. bongso Synonyms - Nepenthes carunculata
Danser (1928) - Nepenthes carunculata var. robusta
Nerz & Wistuba (1994) - Nepenthes singalana
auct. non Becc.: Tamin & M.Hotta in M.Hotta (1986)[2] [=N. bongso/N. densiflora?/N. gymnamphora/
N. lavicola/N. singalana/N. spathulata]
Heterochresonyms- Nepenthes bongso
auct. non Korth.: Ridl. (1908)
[=N. gracillima] - Nepenthes bongso
auct. non Korth.: Guillaum. (1911)
[=N. vieillardii] - Nepenthes bongso
auct. non Korth.: Danser (1928);[3]
Sh.Kurata (1973)[4]
[=N. bongso/N. ovata/N. talangensis] - Nepenthes bongso
auct. non Korth.: Tamin & M.Hotta in M.Hotta (1986)[2]
[=N. bongso/N. dubia/N. inermis] - Nepenthes bongso
auct. non Korth.: Hopkins, Maulder & B.R.Salmon (1990)[5]
[=N. talangensis] - Nepenthes bongso
auct. non Korth.: Jebb & Cheek (1997);[6]
Cheek & Jebb (2001)[7]
[=N. bongso/N. talangensis]
Nepenthes bongso (pronounced /nɨˈpɛnθiːz ˈbɒŋsoʊ/) is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it has an altitudinal distribution of 1000–2700 m above sea level.[8] The specific epithet bongso refers to the Indonesian legend of Putri Bungsu (literally "youngest daughter"), the spirit guardian of Mount Marapi.[8]
The species was formally described by Pieter Willem Korthals in his 1839 monograph, "Over het geslacht Nepenthes".[1]
Nepenthes carunculata[note a] is considered a heterotypic synonym of N. bongso by most authorities.[8][6][7][9] The infraspecific taxon Nepenthes carunculata var. robusta was described in 1994 by Joachim Nerz and Andreas Wistuba.[10] It is an extreme variety of this taxon with a large, flared peristome.[10]
Contents
Related species
Morphological differences between N. bongso, N. dubia, N. talangensis and N. tenuis (Nerz & Wistuba, 1994)[10] Character N. bongso N. dubia N. talangensis N. tenuis Shape of upper pitchers tubulate - infundibulate tubulous in the lower part, infundibulate above the middle tubulous to narrow infundibuliform in the lower half, ovate in the upper half wide infundibulate, contracted below the mouth Lid orbiculate narrow cuneate broad-ovate very narrow elliptical Length/width ratio of upper pitchers 3,3 1,9 2,3 1,75 Natural hybrids
The following natural hybrids involving N. bongso have been recorded.
- N. bongso × N. gymnamphora[8]
- N. bongso × N. singalana[8]
- N. bongso × N. talangensis[8]
In his 1928 monograph "The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies", B. H. Danser mentioned what he thought was the hybrid N. bongso × N. pectinata;[3] however, this plant material is now known to represent N. densiflora,[8] a species described by Danser 12 years later.[11]
Notes
References
- ^ a b Korthals, P.W. 1839. Over het geslacht Nepenthes. In: C.J. Temminck 1839–1842. Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen; Kruidkunde. Leiden. pp. 1–44, t. 1–4, 13–15, 20–22.
- ^ a b Tamin, R. & M. Hotta 1986. Nepenthes di Sumatera: The genus Nepenthes of the Sumatra Island. In: M. Hotta (ed.) Diversity and Dynamics of Plant Life in Sumatra 1. Kyoto University, Japan. pp. 75–109.
- ^ a b Danser, B.H. 1928. 5. Nepenthes Bongso KORTH.. In: The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
- ^ Kurata, S. 1973. Nepenthes from Borneo, Singapore and Sumatra. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 26(2): 227–232.
- ^ Hopkins, M., R. Maulder & B.[R.] Salmon 1990. A real nice trip to Southeast Asia.PDF (1.72 MiB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 19(1–2): 19–28.
- ^ a b Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blumea 42(1): 1–106.
- ^ a b Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana 15: 1–157.
- ^ a b c d e f g Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ a b c Nerz, J. & A. Wistuba 1994. Five new taxa of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from North and West Sumatra. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 23(4): 101–114.
- ^ Danser, B.H. 1940. A new Nepenthes from Sumatra. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 16: 268–271.
- Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15.
- Hernawati & P. Akhriadi 2006. A Field Guide to the Nepenthes of Sumatra. PILI-NGO Movement, Bogor.
- Kurata, S. 1973. Nepenthes from Borneo, Singapore and Sumatra. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 26(2): 227–232.
- (Indonesian) Mansur, M. 2001. Koleksi Nepenthes di Herbarium Bogoriense: prospeknya sebagai tanaman hias.PDF In: Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor. pp. 244–253.
- (Indonesian) Puspitaningtyas, D.M. & H. Wawangningrum 2007. Keanekaragaman Nepenthes di Suaka Alam Sulasih Talang - Sumatera Barat.PDF [Nepenthes diversity in Sulaish Talang Nature Reserve - West Sumatra.] Biodiversitas 8(2): 152–156.
- Schnell, D., Catling, P., Folkerts, G., Frost, C., Gardner, R., et al. (2000). Nepenthes bongso. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 11 May 2006. Listed as Vulnerable (VU B1+2e v2.3).
External links
- Photographs of N. bongso at the Carnivorous Plant Photofinder
Incompletely diagnosed taxa: N. sp. Misool • N. sp. Papua • N. sp. Sulawesi
Possible extinct species: N. echinatus • N. echinosporus • N. majorCategories:- IUCN Red List vulnerable species
- Carnivorous plants of Asia
- Nepenthes
- Endemic flora of Indonesia
- Plants described in 1839
- Vulnerable plants
- Nepenthes carunculata
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