Nové Zámky

Nové Zámky
Nové Zámky
Town
Main square of Nové Zámky
Coat of arms
Country Slovakia
Region Nitra
District Nové Zámky
River Nitra
Elevation 119 m (390 ft)
Coordinates 47°59′08″N 18°09′28″E / 47.98556°N 18.15778°E / 47.98556; 18.15778
Area 72.565 km2 (28.018 sq mi)
Population 41,140 (2006-12-31)
Density 567 / km2 (1,469 / sq mi)
Founded 1573
Mayor Gejza Pischinger
Timezone CET (UTC+1)
 - summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 940 01
Area code +421-35
Car plate NZ
Location in Slovakia
Location in Slovakia
Location in the Nitra Region
Location in the Nitra Region
Wikimedia Commons: Nové Zámky
Statistics: MOŠ/MIS
Website: www.novezamky.sk

Nové Zámky (About this sound pronunciation ; Hungarian: Érsekújvár, German: Neuhäus[e]l, Turkish: Uyvar, Latin: Novum Castrum) is a town in southwestern Slovakia.

Contents

Geography

The town is located on the Danubian Lowland, on the Nitra River, at an altitude of 119 metres. It is located around 100 km from Bratislava and around 25 km from the Hungarian border. It is a road and railway hub of southern Slovakia.

The town lies in the temperate zone and has a continental climate. Annual average temperature reaches around 10 °C (50.0 °F), with the warmest month being July with an average of 20 °C (68 °F) and the coldest January with −2 °C (28 °F). Average annual precipitation is 556 mm.[1]

History

The town has a distinguished history. From the second half of the 10th century until 1918, it was part of the Kingdom of Hungary. A fortress was built, against the Ottoman Turks, on the site of an older settlement in the years 1573-81. The town developed around the fortress. The huge new fortress was one of the most modern fortresses in Europe when it was built, a prime example of the star fortress which was considered to be adapted to the advance in artillery in the preceding centuries. (In fact, the Hungarian name means "the archbishop's new castle".)

The Turks failed to conquer it six times (except Turkish rule between 1566-1595[2] and 1605-1606[3]), but in 1663 they managed to do so. It was made the center of a Turkish eyalet in present-day southern Slovakia - with the subordinate sanjaks of Litra, Leve, Novigrad, Holok, Bukabak and Şefradi (probably Šahy).

The saying "Strong as a Turk in front of Nové Zámky", which means working with determination and stability, reflects the memory of conquest determination of the Turks.

In 1685 it was conquered by the imperial troops of Charles V, Duke of Lorraine. Six years later, it received town privileges from the Esztergom archbishop.

The town also played an important role in many anti-Habsburg uprisings in the northern parts of Royal Hungary in the 17th century. Emperor Charles VI had it razed in 1724–1725, to prevent potential further insurrections which would use the fortress as their base.

ca. 1680 plan of the "Neuhäusel Ideal Fortified City", as Nové Zámky was then designated under the Habsburgs

After break-up of Austria-Hungary in 1918/1920, the town became part of newly created Czechoslovakia. As a result of the First Vienna Award, it returned to Hungary between 1938 and 1945. Finally, during World War II (1944), the town was heavily damaged by bombings of the Allies. Only small parts of the fortress are still standing today. It is, however, still depicted on the city's coat of arms.

Culture

Synagogue

The orthodox synagogue is located at Česká bašta and dates from the second half of the 19th century. After reconstruction in 1992 it was registered as a historic landmark of Slovakia. It is one of only four synagogues in Slovakia (in Bratislava, Košice, Bardejov and Nové Zámky) that are used for religious purposes by the local Jewish community.

Franciscan church and monastery

see Franciscan church and monastery, Nové Zámky

The Franciscan church and monastery was built in the early baroque style in the middle of the 17th century. The complex was renovated in the 18th and at the end of the 19th century.

Demographics

The 2001 census recorded a population of 42 262 people, with 69.67% of them being Slovaks, 27.52% Hungarians and others. The most widespread religion was Roman Catholicism (71.72%), followed by a group without denomination (17.75%) and Evangelics (3.36%).

Year

Population

Year

Population

1694

1200

1880

10 584

1713

1525

1890

11 299

1731

2970

1900

13 204

1755

3873

1910

16 228

1779

4671

1940

23 306

1787

5167

1945

13 400

1811

5493

1946

18 710

1821

5957

1950

20 031

1830

6904

1961

22 041

1851

6936

1965

23 457

1857

7622

1991

42 923

1869

9483

2001

42 262

Ethnic comparison:

Year

1700

1720

1890

1910

1930

1938

1991

2001

Hungarian

61%

46%

71%

91.43%

45%

88%

31.10%

27.50%

Slovak

25%

36%

8%

5.94%

42%

9.5%

66.82%

69.70%

German

13%

17%

4%

2%

-

-

-

<0.1%

Gypsy

-

-

3%

-

-

-

-

0.80%

Jewish

-

-

13%

8,48%

8%

-

-

0,4%

Famous people

Partner towns

References

External links


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  • NOVE ZAMKY — (Slovak. Nové Zámky; Hung. Ersekújvár; Ger. Neuhaeusel), town in S. Slovakia, since 1993 the Slovak Republic. Until 1840, Jews were not permitted to live in Nove Zamky. They attended markets in the town and lived in nearby Surany (Nagysuran). In… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Nové Zámky —   [ nɔvɛː zaːmki], Stadt in der Slowakischen Republik, Neuhäusel …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Nove Zamky — Original name in latin Nov Zmky Name in other language Ersekujvar, Neuhaeusel, Neuhaus, Neuhusel, Nove Zamky, Nov Zmky, Uyvar, awywar, nove zamki, rsekjvr, Нове Замки State code SK Continent/City Europe/Bratislava longitude 47.98544 latitude… …   Cities with a population over 1000 database

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  • Nové Zámky (Nesovice) — Nové Zámky …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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