Iowa Hawkeyes

Iowa Hawkeyes
University	University of Iowa
Conference(s)	Big Ten
NCAA	Division I
Athletics director	Gary Barta
Location	Iowa City, IA
Varsity teams	24
Football stadium	Kinnick Stadium
Basketball arena	Carver-Hawkeye Arena
Baseball stadium	Duane Banks Field
Other arenas	Iowa Field House Beckwith Boathouse
Mascot	Herky the Hawk
Nickname	Hawks
Fight song	Iowa Fight Song, On Iowa!, Roll Along Iowa
Colors	Black and Old Gold
Homepage	hawkeyesports.com

Fans rush the field after Iowa's 27–17 football victory over Iowa State on September 16, 2006.

The Iowa Hawkeyes are the athletics teams that represent the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. The Hawkeyes have varsity teams in 24 sports, 11 for men and 13 for women. The teams participate in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and are members of the Big Ten Conference. Currently, the school's athletic director is Gary Barta.

The term "Hawkeye" originally appeared in the book The Last of the Mohicans and was later used in its plural form to describe the people of Iowa. The University of Iowa adopted this as the nickname for its athletic teams.

Historically, Iowa has been very successful in wrestling, with 34 team Big Ten championships and 23 team national championships. The Hawkeyes have also won national championships in three other sports: men's gymnastics, football and field hockey.^[1][2][3] In basketball, Iowa has reached the Final Four on four occasions. The men's team has done this three times, most recently in 1980, while the women's team has done it once, in 1993. The baseball team has reached the College World Series once, in 1972. Iowa's softball team has played in the Women's College World Series on four occasions, most recently in 2001.

Football home games are played at Kinnick Stadium,^[4] while basketball, gymnastics, volleyball, and wrestling events are held at Carver-Hawkeye Arena.^[5] The school's baseball team plays at Duane Banks Field and the softball team plays at Bob Pearl Softball Field.

Varsity sports

The University of Iowa currently fields 24 varsity teams. Participating in the Big Ten and the NCAA's Division I, they are:

Men's sports Baseball Basketball Cross country Football Golf Gymnastics Swimming Tennis Indoor track Outdoor track Wrestling

Women's sports Basketball Cross country Field hockey Golf Gymnastics Rowing Soccer Softball Swimming Tennis Indoor track Outdoor track Volleyball

Men's sports

Baseball

Iowa began playing baseball in 1890, when the Hawkeyes went a combined 2–1 (two wins and one loss) against two teams, Cornell and Vinton. To date, Iowa has won eight Big Ten titles, and has also played in the College World Series once, in 1972. Iowa earned its way to the CWS at Rosenblatt Stadium in Omaha with a 13-3 Big Ten record, which is still the best Big Ten winning percentage in Iowa baseball history. That record included another school record that still stands, an 11-game Big Ten winning streak. It was Iowa's first outright Big Ten baseball title since 1939, and the last one since, although the Hawkeyes did earn ties for the conference championship in 1974 and 1990.

But that 1972 Iowa team fought its way to Omaha the hard way, losing its first game in the regional tournament, then winning doubleheaders on consecutive days on the campus of Bowling Green University in Ohio. Lose one of those four games, and Iowa goes home. In 1972, only conference champions competed for the eight World Series berths.

The Hawkeyes opened the 1972 CWS against #1-ranked Arizona State, who entered the game with an incredible record of 60 wins and only 4 losses. But Iowa, a huge underdog, outhit the Sun Devils 8-3 only to lose, 2-1. Iowa had the tying run thrown out at the plate in the 9th inning, and left another runner at third as the final out was made. Iowa had also threatened in the 7th with a lead-off double, but could not score. The Hawkeyes then played in the losers' bracket the next day against Temple. But after taking a 6-2 lead into the sixth inning, the Hawkeyes ended up being knocked out of the Series with a 12-8 loss. Arizona State lost the championship game that year to Southern Cal, while Temple finished 3rd. The Hawkeyes finished ranked No. 9 in the nation, still the highest national ranking in the history of Iowa Hawkeye baseball. Future Major Leauger Jim Sundberg, catcher from Galesburg, Ill., was one of the team leaders. The Hawkeyes featured several Iowans in the starting lineup, including Tom Hurn (1B - Cedar Rapids), Mike Kielkopf (2B-Ottumwa), Brad Trickey (3B-Cedar Rapids), along with the top two starting pitchers, Mark Tschopp (Cedar Rapids) and Bill Heckroth (Dysart).

^[6] Iowa plays its home games at Duane Banks Field, whose namesake is the winningest baseball coach in school history.^[7] Jack Dahm has been the Hawkeyes' head baseball coach since 2003.^[8] Dahm won his 400th game as a Division I head coach on April 23, 2008.^[9]

Basketball

Players warm up before a men's basketball game at Carver-Hawkeye Arena on January 26, 2008.

Main article: Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball

Men's basketball as a varsity sport at the University of Iowa began in 1902,^[10] but it was on January 18, 1896, that Iowa played the University of Chicago in the first five-on-five college basketball game. The Maroons won that game, 15–12.^[11] Six years later, men's basketball became a sanctioned varsity sport under head coach Ed Rule. Rule coached the Hawkeyes in four non-consecutive seasons until 1908, compiling a 37–15 record.^[10]

Iowa began competing in Big Ten games in 1909, and since then the Hawkeyes have won eight regular season Big Ten championships, the last in 1979. Iowa's first Big Ten title came in 1923, under coach Sam Barry. Barry also led the Hawkeyes to their second conference championship in 1926. Following Rollie Williams' 13 seasons, which lasted until 1942, Pops Harrison became coach. Harrison coached at Iowa until 1951, leading the Hawkeyes to their first unshared Big Ten championship in 1945.^[10]

Perhaps the most-successful time period in Iowa basketball came under head coach Bucky O'Connor, who coached at Iowa until his death in 1958. Under O'Connor, the Hawkeyes played in two Final Four events, while winning two unshared Big Ten championships.^[10][12] Iowa played in the national championship game against San Francisco in 1956, but lost by 12 after taking an early double-digit lead.^[13] The Hawkeyes played in a third Final Four in 1980, and have also won the Big Ten Tournament twice since its 1998 inception, in 2001 and 2006. Iowa's current coach is Fran McCaffery, who coached at Siena College before coming to Iowa in 2010.^[14][15] The Hawkeyes have played their home games in Carver-Hawkeye Arena since 1983; the arena can currently hold up to 15,500 people.^[5]

Cross country

The Hawkeyes' men's cross country team won team Big Ten titles in 1961 and 1966 and have also had nine individual Big Ten champions, most recently with Larry Wieczorek in 1967. Wieczorek's time in the 8,000 meter race still stands as the sixth-quickest time in school history.^[16] To date, Deacon Jones is Iowa's lone national champion, having won the award in 1957. Both Jones and Wieczorek were all-Americans for the Hawkeyes, along with Kevin Herd, Stetson Steele, and Ted Wheeler.^[17]

Football

Iowa's defense lines up against Syracuse on September 8, 2007.

Main article: Iowa Hawkeyes football

Football at the University of Iowa dates back as far as November 27, 1872, when the Iowa Academics played a game against the University of Iowa College of Law. However, football was not officially recognized as a varsity sport until November 16, 1889, when the Hawkeyes played against and lost to Grinnell. The next year, Iowa got its first win against Iowa Wesleyan,^[18] and since then, the Hawkeyes have won 11 Big Ten championships and have played in 25 post-season bowl games. The Hawkeyes are 14–10–1 in such games, having most recently won against Missouri Tigers, 27-24, in the 2010 Insight Bowl played December 28, 2010. Iowa won the 2010 Orange Bowl vs Gerogia Tech 24-14. The Orange Bowl is a BCS bowl game. Iowa's first bowl game was the 1957 Rose Bowl, which ended in a 35–19 win over Oregon State.^[19] The Hawkeyes' lone claim to a national championship came after winning the Rose Bowl following the 1958 season, when they were awarded the Grantland Rice trophy by the Football Writers Association of America.^[2]

Currently, the Hawkeyes' coach is Kirk Ferentz. In eleven seasons under Ferentz, the Hawkeyes have won a BCS bowl, two Big Ten titles and have played in eight bowl games. Preceded by Hayden Fry, Ferentz has the second-longest head coaching tenure in Iowa football history.^[20] Fry, who coached the Hawkeyes for 20 seasons, had 143 wins and 14 bowl trips in his tenure at Iowa.^[21] Fry also led the Hawkeyes to eight-straight bowl games from 1981–1988, the longest such streak in Iowa football history.^[20] Fry was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2003.^[22]

Since 1929, the Hawkeyes have played their home games in Kinnick Stadium. Renamed in 1972 in honor of Iowa's lone Heisman Trophy winner, Nile Kinnick,^[21] the stadium can currently hold up to 70,585 fans.^[4] Kinnick won the Heisman Award following the conclusion of the 1939 season, but died on June 2, 1943, in the Gulf of Paria during a World War II training flight. His face can still be seen today, on the coins that officials toss at the beginning of some Big Ten games.^[21]

Golf

Since Iowa began competing in men's golf, the Hawkeyes have won the Big Ten team title once, in 1992. Brad Klapprott won an individual Big Ten championship that year, becoming only the second Iowa men's golfer to do so. He was preceded only by John Jacobs, who achieved the individual conference championship in 1946. Sean McCarty also added to the 1992 team's accolades in winning the Big Ten Freshman of the Year award. In 1995, McCarty became Iowa's first and only men's golf all-American.^[23]

Gymnastics

See also: Carver–Hawkeye Arena

Iowa's men's gymnastics team is credited with winning the first national championship in school history. This, in turn, allowed the University of Iowa to become the last Big Ten school to have won a national championship in any sport.^[1] The Hawkeyes have also won seven Big Ten team titles, the last coming in 1998. On the individual level, 12 Hawkeyes have won national championships. Michael Reavis is Iowa's most-recent national champion, having won on vault in 2005.^[24]

Swimming

Men's swimming became a sanctioned varsity sport at the University of Iowa in 1917, with David Armbruster as the team's coach. Coaching from 1917–1958, Armbruster led the Hawkeyes to one Big Ten championship, in 1936. He was followed by Robert Allen, who coached the Hawkeyes until 1975. Under Allen, Iowa's best finish in the Big Ten was fifth, on two occasions. Glenn Patton was next in the line of coaches, and during his tenure, the Hawkeyes won two Big Ten championships and finished as high as eighth on the national level.^[25] Currently, Marc Long is Iowa's men's and women's swimming coach.^[26]

On 19 occasions has a men's swimmer at Iowa won an individual national championship. Ray Walters was the Hawkeyes' first national champion, having won the 50 meter freestyle in 1936. Nine of Iowa's national championships in men's swimming, however, are credited to Artur Wojdat, who competed at the collegiate level from 1989–1992. Wojdat was an 18-time all-American, a 10-time Big Ten champion, and a four-time national champion in the 500 meter freestyle event. Wojdat also won the bronze medal in the 400 meter freestyle at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea.^[27]

Tennis

Men's tennis became a varsity sport at Iowa in 1939, and from that time to the present, the Hawkeyes have won the Big Ten championship once, in 1958. That year, the Hawkeyes recorded a 10–1 team record and finished third at the national level.^[28] In 1998, Tyler Cleveland won the Big Ten Freshman of the Year Award. He later won the Big Ten Player of the Year Award twice, in 2000 and 2001. Cleveland and 14 other men's tennis players have named to an all-Big Ten team; Stuart Waters is the most-recent player to have accomplished this, doing so in 2002 and 2003.^[29]

Track

In indoor track, the Hawkeyes have won three team Big Ten titles, the last coming in 1963. On the individual level, Iowa has had 64 Big Ten championships. Nine-time Big Ten champion Bashir Yamini won three of his Big Ten titles in indoor competitions. Named the 1996 Big Ten Indoor Freshman of the Year, Yamini won the indoor long jump every year from 1997 through 1999. 10 Iowa relays have also been named Big Ten champions, most-recently in 1989.^[30]

In outdoor track competition, Iowa has won team Big Ten titles in 1963, 1967, and 2011, ending a 44-year drought. Iowa jumped Minnesota on the last day of the tournament by placing ahead of the Golden Gophers in the 4x400 - the last event of the tournament. Since 1902, the Hawkeyes have had 92 separate individual Big Ten championships. Yamini currently shares the Big Ten Outdoor Championships long jump record with Ohio State's Jesse Owens. Former Iowa football player Tim Dwight also competed in track. Dwight won the 100 meter Big Ten championship in 1999 with a time of 10.51 seconds.^[30]

Wrestling

Mark Perry wrestles Michael Patrovich of Hofstra on March 16, 2007, in Auburn Hills, Michigan.

Main article: Iowa Hawkeyes wrestling

Wrestling at the University of Iowa began with the 1910–1911 season. Under coach E. G. Schroeder, the Hawkeyes wrestled and lost to one opponent that season: Nebraska. The next year, Iowa got its first dual win, over Iowa State. Soon later, in 1914, Oscar Hobbet became the Hawkeyes' first individual Big Ten champion. Iowa's first all-American and national champion came in the 1927–1928 season, with Leslie Beers achieving these honors. Beers wrestled at the 158-pound weight class.^[31]

Iowa's first Big Ten championship came in 1958, a year in which the Hawkeyes also had 10 dual wins for the first time. However, Iowa would not win another Big Ten title until 1974, under head coach Gary Kurdelmeier. Kurdelmeier led the Hawkeyes to their first national championship in 1975 and their second in 1976. Iowa lost only one dual match in those two seasons.^[31]

Following the 1976 national championship, Dan Gable took over as coach. The Hawkeyes finished third on the national level in Gable's first year,^[31] but with another national championship in 1978, Iowa began a streak that, at that time, was only matched by Yale's golf team and Southern California's track team. From 1978 through 1986, Iowa won nine consecutive national championships, a record which equals what Yale's golf team did from 1905–1913 and what Southern California's track team did from 1935 through 1943. In his career at Iowa, which lasted until 1997, Gable led the Hawkeyes to 15 national titles and 21 consecutive Big Ten championships. Gable's 355 dual wins at Iowa make him the university's all-time winningest wrestling coach.^[32]

Gable was replaced as coach by Jim Zalesky. Under Zalesky, the Hawkeyes won three straight national titles from 1998–2000 and placed ten individual national champions. However, Zalesky was fired following the 2005–2006 season, as the Hawkeyes began to fade on the national level.^[33] He was replaced by Tom Brands, who in 2008 led Iowa to its first team national title since 2000. Brent Metcalf and Mark Perry won individual national championships in 2008, with Perry becoming Iowa's 17th four-time all-American.^[34] Brands' Hawkeyes also won team NCAA championships in 2009 and 2010.

Women's sports

Basketball

Members of Iowa's women's basketball team celebrate their 2008 regular season Big Ten championship on March 2, 2008.

Women's basketball at the University of Iowa began in 1974, under head coach Lark Birdsong. The Hawkeyes finished 5–16 that season, getting their first win over Big Ten rival, Minnesota. Birdsong would continue to coach Iowa until the 1978–1979 season, the first winning season in Iowa women's basketball history.^[35] Judy McMullen replaced Birdsong, and after coaching at Iowa for four seasons, McMullen was replaced by C. Vivian Stringer in 1983.^[35] Prior to her tenure at Iowa, Stringer coached at Cheyney University, and took the school to new heights when she led the Wolves to the national championship game in 1982.^[36]

Beginning with the 1983–1984 season, Stringer coached at Iowa for 12 seasons. In that time, the Hawkeyes won six Big Ten championships, played in nine NCAA Tournaments, and reached the Final Four in 1993. Unprecedented attention was shown to the Hawkeyes under Stringer,^[36] as evidenced by the record-setting 22,157 fans that watched Iowa play Ohio State on February 3, 1985, in Carver-Hawkeye Arena.^[37] Stringer, however, left Iowa to coach at Rutgers in 1995, following the death of her husband, Bill.^[38]

Angie Lee replaced Stringer, and led the Hawkeyes to a Big Ten championship in her first season. Under Lee, Iowa won another Big Ten title in 1998, but success began to wane soon thereafter. Lee's successor as head coach was Lisa Bluder, who remains as Iowa's current women's basketball coach. Under Bluder, the Hawkeyes have won one regular season Big Ten championship and two Big Ten Tournament championships.^[35] The 2008–2009 season will be her ninth season as head coach.

Cross country

• 1 Big Ten Title - 1982
• 1 Individual Big Ten Title
• 5 NCAA Appearances

Field hockey

• 11 Big Ten Titles

1981	1982	1983	1985
1986	1987	1992	1995
1996	1999	2004

• 3 Big Ten Tournament Titles - 1994, 2006, 2007, 2008

• 18 NCAA Tournament Appearances

• 1 NCAA Title - 1986

Golf

• 1 Big Ten Title - 1991

• 1 Individual Big Ten Title

• 2 NCAA Appearances

Gymnastics

• 2 Individual Big Ten Titles

• 2 NCAA Appearances

Rowing

Women's Rowing became a varsity sport at the University of Iowa in 1994 at which time Mandi Kowal was hired as head coach.^[39] In 1997 and 1998 the Hawkeye's Varsity 4 (V4+) was invited to the NCAA Championships; 1997 marked the first ever NCAA rowing championships.^[40] The Hawkeyes made a whole team appearance at Nationals in 2001. With the combined novice and varsity teams, the Hawkeyes typically have 70-80 rowing athletes, making it the second largest team on campus, second only to football.^[39]

The fall of 2009 brought the completion of a new state-of-the-art boathouse. Prior to that time the rowing Hawkeyes had no permanent home, but instead their boats were housed in an excess area of the Iowa Advanced Technology Laboratories. The new P. Sue Beckwith, M.D. Boathouse is named after the benefactor, a former University of Iowa basketball letterwinner, who gave the seed money that made the boathouse possible. The boathouse is 20,000 square feet (1,900 m²) and designed to withstand flooding. The building has workout facilities, team locker rooms, boat bays, indoor rowing tanks, and meeting spaces.^[41]

Soccer

Softball

• 3 Big Ten Titles

1997

2000

2003

• 2 Big Ten Tournament Titles

2001

2003

• 14 NCAA Tournament Appearances

• 4 College World Series Appearances

1995

1996

1997

2001

Swimming

• 15 NCAA Appearances

Tennis

• 6 NCAA Appearances

Indoor track

• 10 NCAA Appearances
• 3 Individual NCAA Titles

Outdoor track

• 10 NCAA Appearances
• 1 Individual NCAA Title

Volleyball

• 2 NCAA Appearances

Pageantry

The University of Iowa borrowed its nickname from the state of Iowa years ago. The term "Hawkeye" originally appeared in the novel, The Last of the Mohicans, written by James Fenimore Cooper. In the book, a character named Natty Bumppo is given the word "Hawkeye" as a nickname from the Delaware Indians. 12 years following the publishing of the book, the nickname was also given to people in the territory of Iowa (now sometimes known as the Hawkeye State). Two men, Judge David Rorer and James G. Edwards, sought out to popularize the nickname, and were rewarded when territorial officials gave their approval.^[42]

Herky the Hawk waves a flag at an Iowa football game on September 16, 2006.

The nickname gained a palpable symbol in 1948 when a cartoon character was created. Later named Herky, it was created by Richard Spencer III. The mascot was instantly popular among fans and gained its name through a statewide contest. A man named John Franklin suggested the Herky name. Since the mid-1950s, Herky has been a fixture at Iowa football games and has played a prominent role in all Iowa athletic events.^[42]

Iowa's primary school colors are black and old gold.^[43] The school's fight songs are "On Iowa!," the "Iowa Fight Song," and "Roll Along Iowa." A fourth song, the "Hawkeye Victory Polka," commonly referred to as "The Beer Song" or "In Heaven There is No Beer," is played specifically following Iowa football and basketball victories. The school's alma mater is "Alma Mater, Iowa."^[44]

Athletic directors

Iowa has had 12 athletic directors in its history. They are:

• Nelson Kellogg, 1910–1917
• Howard Jones, 1917–1924
• Paul Belting, 1924–1929
• Edward Lauer, 1929–1934
• Ossie Solem, 1934–1937
• E.G. Schroeder, 1937–1947
• Paul Brechler, 1947–1960
• Forest Evashevski, 1960–1970
• Bump Elliott, 1970–1990
• Christine Grant, 1973–2000 as women's athletic director
• Bob Bowlsby, 1990–2006
• Gary Barta, 2006–present

Hall of fame

Main article: University of Iowa Athletics Hall of Fame

Championship history

Titles	Sport	Year
National Championships (NCAA unless indicated)
23	Wrestling	1975, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2008, 2009, 2010
1	Men's Gymnastics[1]	1969
1	Football[1]	1958
1	Women's Field hockey[3]	1986
26 Total National Championships
Conference Championships
34	Wrestling	1915, 1916, 1958, 1962, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2010
11	Football	1900, 1921, 1922, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1981, 1985, 1990, 2002, 2004
11	Women's Field Hockey	1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1992, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2004
9	Women's Basketball	1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1998, 2008
8	Men's Basketball	1923, 1926, 1945, 1955, 1956, 1968, 1970, 1979
8	Baseball	1927, 1938, 1939, 1942, 1949, 1972, 1974, 1990
7	Men's Gymnastics	1937, 1967, 1968, 1972, 1974, 1986, 1998
3	Men's Swimming	1936, 1981, 1982
3	Men's Indoor Track & Field	1926, 1929, 1963
3	Softball	1997, 2000, 2003
2	Men's Cross Country	1961, 1966
3	Men's Outdoor Track & Field	1963, 1967, 2011
1	Men's Golf	1992
1	Men's Tennis	1958
1	Women's Cross Country	1982
1	Women's Golf	1991
105 Total Conference Championships

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Iowa's First National Championship Iowa Men's Gymnastics. Retrieved on May 15, 2008.
2. ^ ^{a b} Grantland Rice Trophy winners Football Writer's Association of America. Retrieved on October 24, 2009.
3. ^ ^{a b} Iowa Field Hockey: 1986 NCAA Champion Big Ten Conference. Retrieved on May 15, 2008.
4. ^ ^{a b} Kinnick Stadium Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on June 8, 2008.
5. ^ ^{a b} Carver-Hawkeye Arena Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on August 11, 2008.
6. ^ Baseball: All-Time Results Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on May 16, 2008.
7. ^ Duane Banks Field Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on May 16, 2008.
8. ^ Jack Dahm Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on July 6, 2008.
9. ^ Jack Dahm Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on March 2, 2009.
10. ^ ^{a b c d} Men's Basketball: Iowa Basketball Yearly Record Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on May 30, 2008.
11. ^ 2007–08 Men's Basketball Media Guide: Section 1 Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on May 30, 2008.
12. ^ Men's Basketball: Tournament Archives Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on July 28, 2008.
13. ^ National Collegiate Athletic Association (2004). NCAA March Madness. Chicago, Illinois: Triumph Books. ISBN 1-57243-665-4.
14. ^ Todd Lickliter Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on May 30, 2008.
15. ^ Season ends for Iowa at Big Ten Tournament: Michigan starts fast, holds on for 55-47 victory Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com, March 13, 2008. Retrieved on July 10, 2008.
16. ^ Cross Country: School & Course Records Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on July 10, 2008.
17. ^ Cross Country: Honors & Awards Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on May 31, 2008.
18. ^ Lamb, Dick; McGrane, Bert (1964). 75 Years with the Fighting Hawkeyes. Dubuque, Iowa: WM. C. Brown Company. 
19. ^ Iowa bowl history ESPN.com, December 3, 2006. Retrieved on July 12, 2008.
20. ^ ^{a b} Kirk Ferentz Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on July 11, 2008.
21. ^ ^{a b c} "Iowa". ESPN College Football Encyclopedia. New York City, New York: ESPN Books. 2005. ISBN 1-4013-3703-1. 
22. ^ Hayden Fry College Football Hall of Fame. Retrieved on August 2, 2008.
23. ^ Men's Golf: Iowa Records and Honors Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on June 14, 2008.
24. ^ 2008 Men's Gymnastics Media Guide Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on July 12, 2008.
25. ^ Iowa Swimming & Diving: Men's Year-By-Year Records Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on June 18, 2008.
26. ^ Marc Long Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on June 18, 2008.
27. ^ Iowa Swimming & Diving: Individual All-Americans Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on July 12, 2008.
28. ^ Men's Tennis: All-Time Results: Yearly records and results Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on June 26, 2008.
29. ^ Men's Tennis: Team Awards & Honors Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on June 26, 2008.
30. ^ ^{a b} Track & Field: Big Ten Champions Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on July 24, 2008.
31. ^ ^{a b c} 2007–08 Wrestling Media Guide: Section 5 Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on June 14, 2008.
32. ^ Full Gable Bio DanGable.com. Retrieved on June 15, 2008.
33. ^ Jim Zalesky Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on June 15, 2008.
34. ^ Perry, Metcalf Win NCAA Titles: Brands, Metcalf earn national honors as Iowa wins first NCAA team title since 2000 Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com, March 22, 2008. Retrieved on July 12, 2008.
35. ^ ^{a b c} Women's Basketball: Year-By-Year Results Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on July 27, 2008.
36. ^ ^{a b} C. Vivian Stringer Rutgers Athletics Communications, ScarletKnights.com. Retrieved on July 27, 2008.
37. ^ Carver-Hawkeye Arena: Celebrating 25 Years. Iowa Sports Information, 2008.
38. ^ COLLEGE BASKETBALL: A Coaching Legend Comes Home; Personal Loss Spurs Stringer's Move to Help Rutgers Rebuild Claire Smith, The New York Times, December 10, 1995. Retrieved on July 27, 2008.
39. ^ ^{a b} http://www.ncaa.com/sports/c-rowing/spec-rel/031208aaf.html
40. ^ http://www.hawkeyesports.com/sports/w-rowing/mtt/kowal_mandi00.html
41. ^ http://www.hawkeyesports.com/sports/w-rowing/spec-rel/091809aab.html
42. ^ ^{a b} The Hawkeyes and Herky Iowa Sports Information, HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved on May 8, 2008.
43. ^ Facts at a Glance: Traditions The University of Iowa. Retrieved on August 5, 2008.
44. ^ Iowa Fight Song, On Iowa and more musical memories University of Iowa Alumni Association. Retrieved on August 5, 2008.

External links

• HawkeyeSports.com – Iowa Hawkeyes athletics website
• The University of Iowa – University of Iowa website
• Des Moines Register – Iowa Hawkeyes news from DesMoinesRegister.com
• Voice of the Hawkeyes Magazine – Hawkeye news from Voice of the Hawkeyes Magazine and Hawkeye Report
• Iowa Hawkeyes News and Views