Mayaimi

Not to be confused with Miami people.

Approximate territory of the Mayaimi tribe

The Mayaimi were a Native American people who lived around Lake Okeechobee (the Belle Glade culture area) in Florida from the beginning of the Common Era until the 17th or 18th century. The group took their name from the lake, which was then called Mayaimi, which meant "big water" in the language of the Mayaimi, Calusa, and Tequesta tribes. The origin of the language has not been determined, as the meanings of only ten words were recorded before extinction.^[1] The current name of Okeechobee for the lake is derived from the Hitchiti word meaning "big water".^[2] The Mayaimis have no linguistic or cultural relationship with the Miamis of Ohio.^[1] Miami, Florida is named for the Miami River (Florida), which derived its name from Lake Mayaimi.^[2]

The Mayaimis built ceremonial and village earthwork mounds around Lake Okeechobee similar to those of the Mississippian culture and earlier mound builders. They dug many canals as other earthworks, to use as pathways for their canoes. The dugout canoes were a platform-type with shovel-shaped ends, resembling those used in Central America and the West Indies, rather than the pointed-end canoes used by other peoples in the southeastern United States.

Hernando de Escalante Fontaneda, who lived with the tribes of southern Florida for seventeen years in the 16th century, said that the Mayaimis lived in many towns of thirty or forty inhabitants each, and that there were many more places where only a few people lived. The game and fish of Lake Okeechobee provided most of the Mayaimis' food. They used fishing weirs and ate bass, eels, American Alligator tails, Virginia Opossum, terrapins and snakes, and processed coontie for flour. In high-water season they lived on their mounds and ate only fish.

At the beginning of the 18th century, raiders from the Province of Carolina repeatedly invaded the territory, burning villages, and capturing or killing members of all Florida tribes down to the southern end of the Florida peninsula. They sold the captives into slavery, destined for markets from Boston to the Barbados. In 1710 a group of 280 refugees from Florida that included the cacique of 'Maimi' arrived in Cuba.^[3] In 1743, Spanish missionaries sent to Biscayne Bay reported that a remnant of the Mayaimis (which they called Maimies or Maymíes), perhaps fewer than 100 people, still lived in the area of Lake Okeechobee.^[4] Any survivors were presumed to have been evacuated to Cuba when Spain turned Florida over to the British Empire in 1763.

Several archaeological sites are known from the area occupied by the Mayaimi, including Fort Center, Belle Glade, Big Mound City, the Boynton Mounds complexe, and Tony's Mound.^[5]

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Austin
2. ^ ^{a b} Simpson: 73
3. ^ Sturtevant:143
4. ^ Sturtevant:147
5. ^ McGoun:101

References

• Austin, Daniel W. 1997. "The Glades Indians and the Plants they Used: Ethnobotany of an Extinct Culture", The Palmetto, 17(2):7 -11. [1] - accessed December 7, 2005.
• Douglas, Marjory Stoneman. 1947. The Everglades: River of Grass. Hurricane House Publishers, Inc.
• McGoun, William E. (1993). Prehistoric Peoples of South Florida. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press. ISBN 0-8173-0686-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=QthWiDjobKsC&pg=PA73&lpg=PA73&dq=fort+center+fisheating&source=bl&ots=W6DL6P-ixo&sig=NBnmVTs8n7QOmnJNx0HHlhSvrAY&hl=en&ei=BLJ2Te2MNcW9tgfVnNGbBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEwQ6AEwCTgU#v=onepage&q=fort%20center%20fisheating&f=false. 
• Simpson, J. Clarence (1956). Mark F. Boyd. ed. Florida Place-Names of Indian Derivation. Tallahassee, Florida: Florida Geological Survey.  On-line at [2]
• Sturtevant, William C. (1978) "The Last of the South Florida Aborigines", in Jeral Milanich and Samuel Proctor, Eds. Tacachale: Essays on the Indians of Florida and Southeastern Georgia during the Historic Period, The University Presses of Florida. Gainesville, Florida ISBN 0-8130-0535-3