- Strain (injury)
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This article is about the injury. For other uses, see Strain.
Strain (injury) Classification and external resources ICD-10 M62.6, T14.3 ICD-9 848.9 MeSH D013180 A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon in which the muscle fibres tear as a result of overstretching. A strain is also colloquially known as a pulled muscle. The equivalent injury to a ligament is a sprain.[1]
Contents
Symptoms
Two images of the same strain. One of the pictures was shot through a mirror.
Typical symptoms of a strain include: localized pain, stiffness, discoloration and bruising around the strained muscle.
Causes
Strains are a result of muscular-fiber tears due to overstretching. They can happen while doing everyday tasks and are not restricted to athletes. Nevertheless, people who play sports are more at risk of developing a strain due to increased muscle use.
Treatment
The first-line treatment for a muscular strain in the acute phase include four steps commonly known as R.I.C.E.[2][3]
- Rest: Stop all unnecessary activities, especially those that cause pain, to prevent the strain from progressing.
- Ice: Apply ice to reduce swelling by reducing blood flow to the injury site. Never ice for more than 20 minutes at a time.
- Compression: Wrap the strained area to reduce swelling with an ACE soft-wrapped bandage.
- Elevation: Keep the strained area as close to the level of the heart as is conveniently possible to keep blood from pooling in the injured area.
The ice and compression (cold compression therapy) will stop the pain and swelling while the injury starts to heal itself. Controlling the inflammation is critical to the healing process and the icing further restricts fluid leaking into the injured area as well as controlling pain.
Cold compression therapy wraps are a useful way to combine icing and compression to stop swelling and pain.
This immediate treatment is usually accompanied by the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs[4] (e.g., ibuprofen), which both reduce the immediate inflammation and relieve pain.
It is recommended[5] that the person injured should consult a medical provider if the injury is accompanied by severe pain, if the limb cannot be used, or if there is noticeable tenderness over an isolated spot. These can be signs of a broken or fractured bone, a sprain, or a complete muscle tear.
Therapeutic ultrasound can be used to break down poorly healed muscle strains and permit them to heal properly.
See also
References
- ^ Fitness For Dummies p 60, Suzanne Schlosberg, Liz Neporent, For Dummies, 2005, ISBN 0764578510
- ^ Mnemonic at medicalmnemonics.com 235
- ^ T. A. Järvinen, et al., "Muscle injuries: optimising recovery" , Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol., 21 (2) Apr 2007, pp. 317-31.
- ^ TJ Noonan and WE Garrett, Jr, "Muscle strain injury: diagnosis and treatment," Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 7 (4), Jul-Aug 1999, pp. 262-9, see web version (accessed Aug. 25, 2008)
- ^ R. Neustaedter, "Natural Treatment for Injuries" (accessed Aug. 25, 200
Injury: Dislocations/subluxations, sprains and strains (Sx3 where x=0 to 9, 830–848) Joints and
ligamentsHead and neckShoulder and upper armMuscles and
tendonsShoulder and upper armM: JNT
anat(h/c, u, t, l)/phys
noco(arth/defr/back/soft)/cong, sysi/epon, injr
proc, drug(M01C, M4)
Categories:- Traumatology
- Dislocations, sprains and strains
- Disorders of muscles
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