Tiger reserves of India

There are 39 tiger reserves in India (6-21-2011) which are governed by Project Tiger which is administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority.^[1] There were an additional six proposed and seven approved in principle reserves that are not yet declared.

Goals

The 53,547 km² (20,675 sq mi) of declared reserves are operated by state forestry departments “to ensure maintenance of viable populations of the conservation dependent Bengal tigers in India. The tigers are maintained for their scientific, economic, aesthetic, cultural and ecological values and to preserve for all time areas of biological importance as a national heritage for the benefit, education and enjoyment of the people”.^[2]

The largest Tiger Reserve is the 3,568 km² (1,378 sq mi) Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve of Andhra Pradesh.^[3][4][5]

Population assessment

The landmark 2008 report, Status of the Tigers, Co-predators, and Prey in India, published by the National Tiger Conservation Authority, estimated only 1411 adult tigers in existence in India (plus uncensused tigers in the Sundarbans).^[6]

The 2010 National Tiger Assessment estimated the total population of tigers in India as 1,706. This exhaustive study indicated that better protected tiger source sites, especially tiger reserves, have maintained viable tiger populations, however, the area occupied by tigers outside protected areas has decreased considerably. This demonstrates the need for securing corridors for tigers to move between source sites. The existing tiger reserves represent around one-third of India's high density forest area. ^[7]

Management effectiveness

From June, 2010 to July, 2011 the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) in partnership with the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) under took an independent Management Effectiveness Evaluation (MEE) of all 39 tiger reserves in the country. The category-wise outcome of MEE Process is summarized as follows: Very Good: Annamalai, Bandhavgarh, Bandipur, Bhadra, Dandeli-Anshi, Kalakad-Mundanthurai, Kanha, Kaziranga, Mudumalai, Parambikulam, Pench (Madhya Pradesh), Periyar, Satpura and Sundarbans; Good: Buxa, Corbett, Dampa, Dudhwa, Manas, Melghat, Nagarhole, Pakke, Pench (Maharashtra), Ranthambhore and Tadoba-Andhari; Satisfactory: Achanakmar, Nameri, Namdapha, Sanjay, Sayadari and Valmiki; Poor: Satkosia. ^[8]

3 year-old male named Baccha (Hindi: Child) residing in Ranthambore tiger reserve, Rajasthan

Tigress with her two cubs in Kanha tiger reserve, Madhya Pradesh

A Tiger in Bandhavgarh tiger reserve, Madhya Pradesh

Tiger with cub in Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya Pradesh

Tiger in bamboo at Banerghatta tiger and lion reserve, Karnataka

Tiger at Ranthambore tiger reserve, Rajasthan

Tiger T-17 at Ranthambore tiger reserve, Rajasthan

Tiger at Ranthambore tiger reserve

Tiger pug marks at Sunderbans tiger reserve, West Bengal

Spotted deer tiger prey at Jim Corbett tiger reserve, Uttarakhand

List of Tiger Reserves in India

Sortable list of Tiger Reserves in India (click arrow to sort column)

State	Tiger Reserves	Year Estd.	#	Total Area (km2)	Management status	Remarks
Assam	Kaziranga Tiger Reserve	2006	32	859	very good	Good tiger density
Assam	Manas Tiger Reserve	1973-74	4	2840	good	Poor tiger density, Recovering from prolonged disturbance due to Bodo unrest
Assam	Nameri Tiger Reserve	1999–2000	27	344	satisfactory	Encroachment and tree cutting by locals
Arunachal Pradesh	Namdapha Tiger Reserve	1982-83	15	1985	satisfactory	Low tiger density, Extremism , encroachment by Lisus
Arunachal Pradesh	Pakhui Tiger Reserve	1999–2000	26	862	good	Good tiger density
Andhra Pradesh	Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve	1982-83	14	3568	poor	Low tiger density Left wing extremism (Naxalite)
Bihar	Valmiki Tiger Reserve	1989-90	18	840	satisfactory	Low tiger density extremism
Chhattisgarh	Indravati Tiger Reserve	1982-83	13	2799	poor	Severely affected by Naxalites, Out of bounds
Chhattisgarh	Guru Ghasidas National Park	2010 (pro)	51	2899	satisfactory	Separated from Sanjay National Park in Madhya Pradesh
Jharkhand	Palamau Tiger Reserve	1973-74	6	1026	Poor	Low tiger density, Left wing extremism
Karnataka	Bandipur Tiger Reserve	1973-74	1	866	very good	Good tiger density
Karnataka	Nagarhole (extension) Tiger Reserve	1999–2000	37	643	good	Good tiger density
Karnataka	Bhadra Tiger Reserve	1998-99	24	492	very good	Low tiger density
Kerala	Periyar Tiger Reserve	1978-79	10	925	very good	There are an estimated 53 tigers(2010) in the reserve.
Tamil Nadu / Kerala	Annamalai Tiger Reserve	2008-09	29	1019	very good	Moderate tiger density
Madhya Pradesh	Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve	1993-94	21	1162	very good	Good tiger density
Madhya Pradesh	Bori-Satpura Tiger Reserve	1999–2000	28	1486	very good	Poor tiger density
Madhya Pradesh	Kanha Tiger Reserve	1973-74	3	1945	very good	Good tiger density
Madhya Pradesh	Panna Tiger Reserve	1994-95	22	542	poor	Recovering from local extinction of tiger due to poaching. Dacoit infestation.
Madhya Pradesh	Pench Tiger Reserve	1992-93	19	758	very good	Good tiger density
Maharashtra	Melghat Tiger Reserve	1973-74	5	1677	good	Low tiger density
Maharashtra	Pench Tiger Reserve	1998-99	25	257	good	Moderate tiger density
Maharashtra	Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve	1993-94	20	620	good	Moderate tiger density, High rate of man tiger conflicts
Maharashtra	Sahyadri Tiger Reserve[1]	2008	39	569	satisfactory	9 tigers (2007)
Mizoram	Dampa Tiger Reserve	1994-95	23	5 00	good	Low tiger density due to ecological reasons
Orissa	Simlipal Tiger Reserve	1973-74	8	2750	poor	Iow tiger density, Left wing extremism
Rajasthan	Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve	1973-74	7	1334	good	Good tiger density
Rajasthan	Sariska Tiger Reserve	1978-79	11	866	poor	Recovering from local extinction of tiger due to poaching
Tamil Nadu	Kalakad-Mundathurai Tiger Reserve	1988-89	17	800	very good	Low tiger density due to ecological reasons
Tamil Nadu	Mudumalai National Park	2007	36	321	very good	Moderate tiger density
Kerala	Parambikulam Tiger Reserve	2010	38	391 [9]	very good	Moderate tiger density
Uttar Pradesh	Dudhwa Tiger Reserve	1987-88	16	811	good	Good tiger density, Poaching along borders
Uttaranchal	Corbett Tiger Reserve	1973-74	2	1316	good	Good tiger density
West Bengal	Buxa Tiger Reserve	1982-83	12	759	good	Low tiger density offences by jobless tea plantation workers
West Bengal	Sunderbans Tiger Reserve	1973-74	9	2585	very good	Good tiger density
Chhattisgarh	Udanti & Sitanadi Tiger Reserve	2008-09	30	1580	poor	Low tiger density
Orissa	Satkosia Tiger Reserve	2007	31	988	poor	Low tiger density
Chhattisgarh	Achanakmar Tiger Reserve[2]	2008	33	963	satisfactory	Low tiger density
Karnataka	Dandeli-Anashi Tiger Reserve	2007	34	875	satisfactory	Low tiger density
Madhya Pradesh	Sanjay Dubri Tiger Reserve	2008	35	831	poor	Very low tiger density
Karnataka	Bannerghatta tiger and lion reserve	1978		104	zoo	not a Project Tiger reserve
Tamil Nadu	Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (Pro)	2010 (pro)	47	524		46 tigers (2010)
Karnataka	Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary	2010 In-principle approval	40	540 [3]		17 tigers (2005)
Karnataka	Kudremukh Tiger Reserve	2011 In-principle approval	41	360[10]		20 tigers (2010)
Andhra Pradesh	Kawal Tiger Reserve	2011 In-principle approval	42	893		20 tigers (2010)
Maharashtra	Nagzira-Navegaon Tiger Reserve	2011 (pro)	48
Maharashtra	Bhor Tiger Reserve	2011 pro)	49
Uttar Pradesh	Pilibhit Tiger Reserve	2010 In-principle approval	43	1089
Orissa	Sunabeda Tiger Reserve	2010 In-principle approval	44	856
Madhya Pradesh	Ratapani Tiger Reserve	2010 In-principle approval	45	674
Goa	Mhadei Tiger Reserve	2011 (pro)	52			[11]
Uttar Pradesh	Suhelwa Tiger Reserve	2010 (pro)	50
Rajasthan	Mukundara Hills Tiger Reserve	2011 In-principle approval[12] [13]	46

References

1. ^ Chetan Chauhan (6-21-2011), Kawal is tiger reserve no. 42, New Delhi: Hindustan Times, http://www.hindustantimes.com/Kawal-is-tiger-reserve-no-42/Article1-711790.aspx, retrieved 6-21-2011 
2. ^ "CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEME, PROJECT TIGER, XTH FIVE YEAR PLAN, GUIDELINES". COMPENDIUM OF GUIDELINES & CIRCULARS ISSUED BY DIRECTOR (PROJECT TIGER). Delhi: PROJECT TIGER DIVISION MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FRORESTS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. pp. A. PROJECT TIGER 1.1 Description of the Scheme and its objectives. http://projecttiger.nic.in/COMPENDIUM%20OF%20GUIDELINES.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-31. 
3. ^ "STATE OF PROJECT TIGER RESERVES". New Delhi: Project Tiger, Government of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests. 15 July 2009. http://www.envfor.nic.in/pt/State_PT.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-30. 
4. ^ "Name of the Tiger Reserves in Tiger range states with year of creation and area". Facts and Figures. Project Tiger Directorate, Ministry of Environment, Govt of India. http://projecttiger.nic.in/yearofcreation.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-31. 
5. ^ "Eight New Tiger Reserves". Press Release. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India. November 13, 2008. http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=44799. Retrieved 2009-10-31. 
6. ^ Y.V.Jhala, R.Gopal, Q.Qureshi (eds.), ed (2008). Status of the Tigers, Co-predators, and Prey in India. TR 08/001. New Delhi: National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt. of India. pp. -151. http://projecttiger.nic.in/whtsnew/status_of_tigers_in_india_2008.pdf. 
7. ^ "INDIA TIGER ESTIMATE 2010", Public Information Brochure (New Delhi: Ministry of Environment and Forests, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA): p. 9, 3-28-2011, http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/tiger-brochure.pdf, retrieved 6-21-2011 
8. ^ "'TIGER~MEETR', MEASURING THE MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS OF TIGER RESERVES IN INDIA", Public Information Booklet (New Delhi: Ministry of Environment and Forests, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA): p. 7, July, 2011, http://www.projecttiger.nic.in/whtsnew/meetr_tiger_2011.pdf, retrieved 8-9-2011 
9. ^ "Parambikulam-Wildlife-sanctuary-to-be-made-Tiger-Reserve", environment/flora-fauna (Time of India), http://maillogout.indiatimes.com/home/environment/flora-fauna/Parambikulam-Wildlife-sanctuary-to-be-made-Tiger-Reserve/articleshow/5579586.cms 
10. ^ Ajith Athrady (6-19-2001), "Centre gives nod to Kudremukh tiger reserve", Deccan Herald (New Delhi: The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd.), http://www.deccanherald.com/content/170087/centre-gives-nod-kudremukh-tiger.html 
11. ^ "Centre asks Goa to propose Mhadei sanctuary as a tiger reserve", Deccan Herald (The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd), 6-28-2011, http://www.deccanherald.com/content/172182/centre-asks-goa-propose-mhadei.html 
12. ^ Cabinet approves 5 new Tiger reserve, Live India, 1-13-2011, http://liveindia.tv/india/cabinet-approves-5-new-tiger-reserve/ 
13. ^ [1.pdf "LIST OF TIGER RESERVES IN INDIA"], Stripes (New Delhi: Inder Mohan Singh Kathuria on behalf of National Tiger Conservation Authority, Government of India) 2, issue 2: p. 19, January-February 2011, http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/STRIPES%20-%20JAN-FEB%202011[1].pdf, retrieved 6-21-2011