List of modern conflicts in the Middle East

Middle East
Countries (2011)	Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, *Gaza Strip, Iran, Iraq, *Iraqi Kurdistan, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, *Northern Cyprus, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, UAE, *West Bank, Yemen

This article is about modern conflicts in the Middle East. For ancient conflicts, see List of conflicts in the Near East.

Note:

• "Modern" is defined as post-Ottoman period, from 1918 until today.
• "Middle East" is traditionally defined as the Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia, Levant, Egypt) and neighbouring areas of Arabia, Anatolia and Iran. It currently encompasses the area from Egypt, Turkey and Cyprus in the West to Iran and the Persian Gulf at the East.^[1]
• "Conflict" is defined as a separate 100+ casualty incident.
• In all cases conflicts are listed by total deaths, including subconflicts.

Date	Conflict	Location	Casualties
1918–1922	Simko Shikak revolt [2][verification needed]	Persia	1,000–5,500
1918–1920	First Nejd-Hejaz War [3]	Kingdom of Nejd Kingdom of Hejaz	1,392
1919	Egyptian Revolution of 1919 [4][5]	Sultanate of Egypt	800-3,000
1919–1921	Franco-Syrian War[citation needed]	Syrian Hashemite Kingdom Syria French Mandate	5,000
1919–1923	Turkish War of Independence (Asia Minor Catastrophe) [a][verification needed]	Turkey  Greece  Armenia  Soviet Union	170,500–873,000
1920–1922	Iraqi revolt against the British [6]	British Mandate of Mesopotamia	9,000
1921	Kuwait-Najd Border War [3]	1st Kingdom of Kuwait Sultanate of Nejd	200
1922–1924	Ikhwan raids on Transjordan [7]	Transjordan	500
1923	Adwan Rebellion	Transjordan	100
1924–1927	Syrian Revolution (Druze War) [8][verification needed]	Lebanese French Mandate Syria French Mandate Jabal Druze State of Damascus France	12,000
1924–1925	Second Nejd-Hejaz War [3]	Kingdom of Nejd Kingdom of Hejaz	450
1925	Sheikh Said rebellion[9][3]	Turkey	15,000–250,500
1927–1930	Ikhwan Revolt [3]	British Mandate of Mesopotamia Kuwait Emirate Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz	2,000
1929	Palestine riots of 1929 [10][11][verification needed]	British Mandate for Palestine	251
1930	Ararat rebellion [12][13][14][15][16]	Turkey Republic of Ararat	4,500–47,000
1933	Simele massacre[17]	Kingdom of Iraq	1,000–3,000
1934	Saudi-Yemeni War[18]	Saudi Arabia Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen	2,100
1935	Imam Reza shrine rebellion [19]	Imperial State of Iran	151
1936–1939	Arab Revolt in Palestine[20]	British Mandate for Palestine	5,000
1937	Dersim Rebellion [21][22][verification needed]	Turkey	40,000–70,000
1938–1948	British-Zionist conflict [20]	British Mandate for Palestine	1,000
1939–1945	Middle East Theatre of World War II [23][b][verification needed]	Kingdom of Iraq  Imperial State of Iran Kingdom of Egypt State of Greater Lebanon  British Mandate for Palestine Syrian Republic	46,000
1946	Egyptian Student Riots [24][verification needed][25]	Kingdom of Egypt	100–300
1946–1947	Iran crisis of 1946 [26][3][c]	Imperial State of Iran  Republic of Mahabad Azerbaijan People's Government  Soviet Union	2,000
1947–	Israeli-Palestinian conflict[citation needed]	British Mandate for Palestine  Israel  Palestinian territories	14,500–20,000
1947–1948	Yahya clan coup [26]	Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen	4,000–5,000
1948	Al-Wathbah uprising[citation needed]	Kingdom of Iraq	300–400
1948–1973	Arab-Israeli Wars [27][d]	Kingdom of Egypt  Egypt  United Arab Republic  Syrian Republic  Syria  Jordan  Lebanon  Israel	43,000–62,468
1952	Egyptian Revolution [26]	Kingdom of Egypt  Egypt	1,000
1953	1953 Iranian coup d'état [3][26][28]	Imperial State of Iran	300-800
1954-1960	Jebel Akhdar War [3]	Sultanate of Muscat and Oman	100
1955–1959	Makarios crisis [17][20]	Cyprus protectorate	400–600
1956–1960	Yemeni-Adenese clans violence [26]	Aden	1,000
1958	1958 Lebanon Crisis [17][26][29]	Lebanon	1,300–4,000
1958–1959	Iraqi Revolution[26]	Arab Federation  Iraq	2,000–4,000
1961–1970	First Kurdish Iraqi War [9][30]	Iraq  Iraq	105,000
1962–1970	North Yemen Civil War [30][31]	Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen  Yemen  Saudi Arabia	100,000–200,000
1962–1975	Dhofar Rebellion [3]	Oman  Imperial State of Iran  Imperial State of Iran  Jordan Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman	10,000
1963	White Revolution (Iran) [3]	Imperial State of Iran	100
1963	1963 Ba'athist coup d'état in Iraq[citation needed]	Iraq  Iraq	5,000
1963	1963 Syrian coup d'état [32]	United Arab Republic  Syria	820
1963–1967	Aden Emergency [33]	Federation of South Arabia  South Yemen	2,096
1964	1964 Hama riot [34][35]	Syria	70–100
1966	1966 neo-Ba'athist coup d'état in Syria [3]	Syria	400
1970–1971	Jordan-Palestinian Civil War (Black September) [17]	Jordan  Lebanon	2,000–25,000
1974	Turkish invasion of Cyprus [18]	Turkey[citation needed]  Greece[citation needed]  Cyprus	965–2,000
1974–1975	Second Kurdish Iraqi War [36]	Iraq	9,000
1975–1990	Lebanese Civil War [9]	Lebanon  Federation of Arab Republics  Syria  Israel	150,000
1976–1979	Turkish civil strife [37][38][39]	Turkey	5,000–5,388
1976–1982	Islamic uprising in Syria [40]	Federation of Arab Republics  Syria	40,000
1977	1977 Egyptian Bread Riots [41][verification needed][42]	Egypt	70–800
1977–	Turkey – Kurdistan Workers' Party conflict [43][verification needed]	Turkey  Iraq  Federation of Arab Republics  Syria  Iraqi Kurdistan	30,000–35,000
1978–1979	Iranian Revolution [44][45]	Imperial State of Iran  Iran	3,164–60,000
1978–1980	Kurdish Rebellion in Iran [46][47]	Iran	10,000
1979–1983	Saudi Eastern Province unrest [48]	Saudi Arabia	182–219
1979	Grand Mosque Seizure [49]	Saudi Arabia	307
1980	1980 Turkish coup d'état [50][51]	Turkey	127–550
1980	Iraqi Shia uprising (1st Sadr uprising)[52]	Iraq	1,000–30,000
1980–1988	Iran-Iraq war [18][53]	Iran  Iraq  Kuwait	1,000,000–1,250,000
1986	South Yemen Civil War [54]	South Yemen	5,000–12,000
1986	1986 Egyptian Conscription Riot [55]	Egypt	107
1986	1986 Damascus bombings[citation needed]	Syria	204
1987	Iranian pilgrim riot (Mecca massacre) [56]	Saudi Arabia	402
1990–1991	Gulf War [9]	Iraq  Kuwait  Saudi Arabia	40,000–57,000
1991	1991 uprisings in Iraq [52][57]	Iraq  Iraqi Kurdistan	50,000–100,000
1992–2000	Terrorism in Egypt [58][page needed]	Egypt	1,300–2,000
1994–1997	Iraqi Kurdish Civil War [59]	Iraqi Kurdistan	3,000
1994	1994 civil war in Yemen[citation needed]	Yemen	7,000–10,000
1995–	Islamic Insurgency in Saudi Arabia[citation needed]	Saudi Arabia	300
1998	Operation Desert Fox [17][20]	Iraq	600–2,000
1999	Iraqi Shia uprising (2nd Sadr uprising)[60][3]	Iraq	100-200
2003–2010	Iraq War [61][62][63][64][65][66]	Iraq  Iraq  Iraqi Kurdistan	109,032–150,726
2003–	Baluchi insurgency in Iran [67][unreliable source?][68]	Iran	155-400
2004	Qamishli massacre (2004)[69][70]	Syria	30–100
2004–2010	Sa'dah insurgency [71][72][verification needed][73]	Saudi Arabia  Yemen	8,000-25,000
2004–2011	Iran-PJAK conflict[citation needed]	Iran  Iraqi Kurdistan	300
2006	Second Lebanon War[citation needed]	Lebanon  Israel	1,900
2006–	Fatah–Hamas conflict [74][75]	Palestinian territories	600–700
2007	Nahr al-Bared fighting	Lebanon	470–532
2008	2008 Lebanon conflict	Lebanon	105
2009–	South Yemen Insurgency [76]	Yemen	1,554
2009–2010	Iranian election protests [77]	Iran	27–150
2010–	Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown [78][79]	Yemen	944
2010–	Arab Spring[i]	Bahrain  Egypt  Syria  Yemen  Lebanon	5,300-7,300

Casualties breakdown

[a].^ Turkish War of Independence (combined figure 170,500-873,000+) of:

Greco-Turkish War - 70,000–400,000 casualties^{[9][verification needed]}

Franco-Turkish War - 40,000 casualties^{[citation needed]}

Turkish-Armenian War - 60,000–432,500 casualties^[80]

Koçkiri Rebellion - 500 killed^{[citation needed]}

Revolt of Ahmet Anzavur - unknown

Kuva-i Inzibatiye revolt - unknown

[b].^ Middle Eastern theatre of World War II 40,000 (combined casualty figure 12,338-14,898+) of:

Anglo-Iraqi War - at least 560 killed^[81][82]

Farhud 175-780 killed

Syria-Lebanon Campaign 10,404-12,964 killed

Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 100^[3]-1,062 killed

Bombing of Palestine in World War II 137 deaths^[83]

[c].^ Iran crisis of 1946 2,000 casualties (combined casualty figure 921+) of:

Azerbaijan People's Republic crisis - 421 killed^[84]

Republic of Mahabad crisis - unknown

Civil interregnum - 500 killed^[85]

[d].^ Arab-Israeli Wars 51,000-65,000 casualties (combined casualty figure 51,438-62,468+) of:

Arab-Israeli War (1948-1949) - 14,400 casualties

Retribution Operations (1950s) - 3,456 casualties

Suez War (1956) - 3,203 killed

Six Day War (1967) - 13,976 killed

War of Attrition (1967-1970) - 6,403 killed

Yom Kippur War (1973) 10,000–21,000^[86]

[e].^ North Yemen Civil War 100,000-200,000 casualties

1962 Coup d'état in Yemen

Ramadan offensive

Haradh offensive

Royalist offensive 1965

Siege of Sana'a 1967

[f].^ Lebanese Civil War 150,000 mortal casualties of:

Karantina massacre

Damour massacre

Tel al-Zaatar massacre

Operation Litani

1982 Lebanon War

Sabra and Shatila massacre

War of the Camps 1986-1987

War of Liberation 1989-1990

[g].^ Iran-Iraq war 500,000-1,200,000 mortal casualties (combined death count 184,000+) of

Iraqi invasion 1980

Mujahedin al-Halq uprising 1981-1982

Liberation of Khorramshahr 1982 - 17,000 casualties

Operation Undeniable Victory 1982 - 50,000 mortal casualties

Operation Ramadan 1982 - 80,000 killed

Kurdish Rebellion 1983-1988 (including the Al-Anfal Campaign) 160,000-312,000 killed

Operation before the Dawn 1983 - 6,000+ killed

Operation Dawn 3 - 162,000 killed

Operation Dawn 5 1984 - 50,000 killed

Operation Dawn 6 1984

Operation Khaibar 1984 - 49,000 killed

Tanker War 1984

Operation Badr (1985) - 30,000-32,000

War of the Cities 1985-1987

Operation Dawn-8 1986

Operation Karbala-4 1986 - 15,000 killed

Operation Karbala-5 - 85,000 killed

Operation Nasr 4

Operation Karbala-10

Operation Mersad 1987 - 4,900 killed

1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners 2,000^[87] - 30,000 executed

[h].^ Iraq War

2003 invasion of Iraq

Civil war in Iraq 2006-2008

[i].^ Arab Spring in Syria, Yemen, Egypt and Bahrain, combined casualty figure 5,282-7,318 of:

2011 Syrian uprising - 2,550^[88][89][90]-4,500^[91]

killed

2011 Yemeni uprising - 1,784-1,870 killed

2011 Egyptian revolution - 846 killed

Aftermath of the Egyptian Revolution - 38^[92][93][94] killed

2011 Bahraini uprising - 46 killed

2011 Lebanese protests - 18 killed

See also

• List of modern conflicts in North Africa (the Maghreb region)
• List of conflicts in Asia
• List of conflicts in the Arab League

References

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5. ^ [2]
6. ^ Jonathan Glancey (2003-04-19). "Our last occupation". London: Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/apr/19/iraq.arts. Retrieved 2011-02-01.  "The rebellion was thwarted, with nearly 9,000 Iraqis killed."
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9. ^ ^{a b c d e} [3]
10. ^ Great Britain, 1930: Report of the Commission on the disturbances of August 1929, Command paper 3530 (Shaw Commission report), p. 65.
11. ^ NA 59/8/353/84/867n, 404 Wailing Wall/279 and 280, Archdale Diary and Palestinian Police records.
12. ^ Yusuf Mazhar, Cumhuriyet, 16 Temmuz 1930, ... Zilan harekatında imha edilenlerin sayısı 15,000 kadardır. Zilan Deresi ağzına kadar ceset dolmuştur...
13. ^ Ahmet Kahraman, ibid, p. 211, Karaköse, 14 (Özel muhabirimiz bildiriyor) ...
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16. ^ "Der Krieg am Ararat" (Telegramm unseres Korrespondenten) Berliner Tageblatt, October 3, 1930, "... die Türken in der Gegend von Zilan 220 Dörfer zerstört und 4500 Frauen und Greise massakriert."
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23. ^ Mollo, p. 146
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28. ^ [6] 300 killed
29. ^ [7]
30. ^ ^{a b} [8]
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42. ^ Daily Star Egypt Daily Star Egypt.
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49. ^ Riyadh (10 January 1980). "63 Zealots beheaded for seizing Mosque". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. http://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=wesNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rG0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6824,1266876&dq=grand-mosque&hl=en. Retrieved 12 November 2010. 
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71. ^ "Bloody 2009– Yemen Post English Newspaper Online". Yemenpost.net. http://yemenpost.net/Detail123456789.aspx?ID=3&SubID=1722&MainCat=2. Retrieved 2011-02-01.  "The long ongoing war in Sa’ada that has killed over 8000 Yemenis in 2009 alone."
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    [21]
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78. ^ Government casualties AlArabiya
79. ^ Al-Qaeda casualties: Foxnews [22], NYTimes [23], Washangton Post [24], Ynet News [25]
80. ^ Vahakn N. Dadrian. (2003). The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus. New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 360–361. ISBN 1-5718-1666-6;
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82. ^ Wavell, p. 3438
83. ^ Maya Zamir, The Day of The bombing, Tel Aviv Magazine, 7th of September 2007 (Hebrew)^{[dead link]}
84. ^ Nat. Arch. 891.00/1-1547, 15 January 1947. Touraj Atabaki, Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran. [Revised Edition of Azerbaijan, Ethnicity and Autonomy in the Twentieth-Century Iran] London: I.B.Tauris, 2000. pg 227. "A British source cited by the US Embassy in Tehran gives the number of killed Democrats as 421. The American Embass’s report has been classified under wash."
85. ^ Tadeusz Swietochowski, Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. New York: Columbia. University Press, 1995. p. 154. "Rossow conservatively estimated 500 killed during the lawless interregnum that preceded the coming of the Iranian troops. Hundreds of others were tried and jailed, and scores were hanged."
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87. ^ [26]
88. ^ Robert Fisk: Assad's army remains defiant as it buries its dead
89. ^ Russia resists Syria sanctions, Assad forces kill 22^{[dead link]}
90. ^ "Syrian forces kill 20 in anti-Assad protests". Dailystar.com.lb. http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2011/Sep-16/148923-syrian-forces-kill-six-villagers-near-hama-activists.ashx#axzz1cFlfrpX0. Retrieved 13 November 2011. 
91. ^ Breakaway Syrian Soldiers Seeking No-Fly Zone in Effort to Overthrow Assad
92. ^ Thousands of demonstrators re-occupy square, after a violent attempt by security forces to evict them leaves 11 dead.
93. ^ ... leaving behind 24 protesters dead, 329 injured and a divided and confused public
94. ^ Three people were killed and 1,049 were wounded in the clashes that began on Friday and raged into the early hours of Saturday...