Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden

Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden Part of Piracy in Somalia, Operation Ocean Shield, Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa Korean commandos aboard the chemical tanker Samho Jewelry Date January 18–21, 2011[1] Location Arabian Sea, near the Gulf of Aden Result Mission successful; 21 (out of 21) hostages rescued. Belligerents Republic of Korea Navy Royal Navy of Oman United States Navy Somali pirates Commanders and leaders Capt. Cho Young-joo Abdi Risqe Shakh Suti Ali Harut Strength 1 destroyer 1 military helicopter 30 UDT/SEALs 1 chemical tanker 17~20 pirates Casualties and losses January 18 3 wounded January 21 none January 18 4+ killed or missing January 21 8 killed 5 captured 1 civilian wounded Approximate location of rescue operation[2]

Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden^[3] (Korean: 아덴 만 여명 작전) was a naval operation by the Republic of Korea Navy against Somali pirates in the Arabian Sea. The operation was spurred by the pirates' seizure of the South Korean chemical tanker Samho Jewelry. In response, the South Korean government sent a destroyer and 30 naval commandos to retake the ship and rescue its crew.^[4] After trailing the tanker for several days and fighting a preliminary engagement that neutralized four of the pirates, the South Koreans forces retook the ship by force on January 21, 2011 in a successful boarding action that resulted in the death of eight and the capture of five out of seventeen pirates.

Background

On January 15, 2011, the Norwegian-owned chemical tanker Samho Jewelry was sailing through the Arabian Sea from the United Arab Emirates to Sri Lanka when it was attacked by a group of Somali pirates 350 nautical miles (600 km; 400 mi) southeast of the port of Muscat, Oman.^[2][5][6] Tanker captain Seok Hae-gyun changed the ship's course to keep in international waters as long as possible.^[7] The pirates eventually seized the tanker and used it as a base from which to launch attacks on other ships.^[8] The South Korean operator of the vessel, the Samho Shipping Company, was facing huge losses because it was obligated to continue paying Norwegian investors under its charter even while the vessel was held by pirates. However, the Norwegian government had no military presence in the area at the time.^[9] Eight South Koreans,^[10] eleven Burmese, and two Indonesians were among the 21 crewmembers being held hostage.^[4]

Choi Young (DDH 981)

On January 16, South Korean president Lee Myung-bak issued an order to "comprehensively deal with" the crisis.^[11] The Chungmugong Yi Sun-shin-class destroyer ROKS Choi Young (DDH-981 was dispatched under Captain Cho Young-joo, commander of the Cheonghae Anti-piracy Unit.^[12] The unit included members of the Republic of Korea Naval Special Warfare Brigade.^[13] The 30 commandos aboard the Choi Young could be deployed with several small boats and a Westland Super Lynx helicopter.^[1][14] Additionally, warships from the United States and Omani navies were nearby.^[3][15] In contrast, the pirates were outnumbered with only 17 men aboard the tanker.^[1] They were also outgunned by the Koreans, possessing only assault rifles and rocket propelled grenades.^[8]

Engagements

Once the Choi Young caught up with the Samho Jewelry, it pursued the tanker until the pirates aboard were fatigued.^[4] Several fake attacks were staged to further wear down the pirate crew. Communications jamming was utilized to prevent the pirates from calling for assistance.^[16][17]

January 18

A ROK Navy Westland Lynx.

On January 18, the pirates aboard the Samho Jewelry sighted a Mongolian cargo vessel about 11 km (5.9 nmi) away. Four of the pirates embarked on a small motorboat to hijack it. With only thirteen pirates remaining behind, a group of ten commandos from the Choi Young attempted to approach the Samho Jewelry in a speedboat. However, three of the commandos were injured in the ensuing firefight and the speedboat returned to the destroyer.^[1][18]

A Westland Lynx helicopter was sent after the hijackers in the motorboat heading towards the Mongolian ship. All four of the pirates from that confrontation were either killed or disappeared overboard.^[1][18] After the Mongolian vessel was able to proceed safely, the crew of the Choi Young recovered the remnants of the hijackers' motorboat. Three rusty AK-47 rifles and an ammunition magazine were retrieved, along with three small iron ladders for boarding and various tools, including a screwdriver, a spanner, and several fishing knives. As the pirates had only six AK-47 rifles in total and three of them had now been confiscated, they had lost half of their firearms and about a quarter of their personnel.^[19][20]

After this engagement, the South Korean military decided to initiate a boarding operation, as intelligence reports suggested that the remaining captors were exhausted and that additional pirates were being dispatched from Somalia to reinforce them.^[4]

January 21

The boarding of the Samho Jewelry began on January 21 at 04:58 local time and took place at about 700 nautical miles (1,300 km; 800 mi) from Somalia's coast.^[4][21] While Navy commandos used three fast boats to reach the tanker, the helicopter from the Choi Young fired warning shots at the tanker.^[21] Once the commandos boarded the ship, the pirates, armed with AK-47 assault rifles and rocket-propelled grenades, initiated a firefight that resulted in eight pirates killed and five captured; while the captain of the tanker was wounded, he was expected to survive.^[21][22] The U.S. Navy destroyer USS Shoup also assisted in the operation by evacuating the tanker's wounded captain via helicopter after the firefight had ended.^[3] In all, the operation took about five hours to complete.^[8] The rescue was called "a perfect military operation" by Lieutenant General Lee Sung-ho of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Republic of Korea.^[4]

Aftermath

After news of the incident reached Korea, South Korean President Lee Myung-bak appeared on television and praised the military for its actions in the operation and issued a warning that it would respond strongly to anyone who threatened the Korean people.^[3] The operation was seen as a huge success by the media, who noted the strong response to the pirates in contrast to the South Korean government's response to several North Korean provocations that had occurred in previous months such as the bombardment of Yeonpyeong.^[23] It was reported that due to the strong show of force by South Korea to the hijacking, some Somali pirates intended to "seek revenge" for the South Korean Navy's actions. The pirates said that they would no longer attempt to hold South Korean flagged ships and sailors for ransom, but instead attack the ships and kill the sailors.^[24]

Legal proceedings

It was announced on January 29 that five pirates captured in the operation had been transported to South Korea, where they were charged with attempted murder and maritime robbery.^[25] The investigation proceeded in the city of Busan, as both Samho Jewelry and her captain were based there.^[25] After interrogating the captured pirates, the Republic of Korea Coast Guard determined that the leader, Abdi Risqe Shakh, 28, and his lieutenant, Suti Ali Harut, had been killed during one of the two raids.^[26] The surviving pirates denied knowing one another, nor who had shot the captain of the tanker, though investigators suspect Arai Mahomed of being the gunman.^[27] The defendants face charges of maritime robbery, attempted murder and ship hijacking.^[28] The detainees have since complimented the legal system, food, and prison conditions in South Korea.^[26]

See also

	Korea portal
	Piracy portal

• List of armed conflicts and attacks, 2011
• List of ships attacked by Somali pirates in 2011
• Combined Task Force 150 and Combined Task Force 151, coalition counter-piracy operations in the region.
• Maersk Alabama hijacking

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Kim, Christine (January 22, 2011). "Navy storms hijacked ship, rescues all 21 sailors". JoongAng Ilbo. http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2931338. Retrieved February 7, 2011. 
2. ^ ^{a b} "That's how to deal with pirates: South Korean commandos storm hijacked tanker and rescue all crew alive". Daily Mail. January 21, 2011. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1349192/Somali-pirates-South-Korean-commandos-storm-hijacked-tanker-rescue-crew.html. Retrieved January 21, 2011. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d} Hancocks, Paula; Keyes, Charley (January 21, 2011). "South Koreans pull off daring rescue of pirated ship". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/01/21/south.korea.pirate.rescue/. Retrieved January 21, 2011. 
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f} "South Korea rescues Samho Jewelry crew from pirates". BBC News. January 21, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12248096. Retrieved January 21, 2011. 
5. ^ Kirk, Donald (January 21, 2011). "South Korea delivers setback to Somali pirates, and a warning to North Korea". The Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-Pacific/2011/0121/South-Korea-delivers-setback-to-Somali-pirates-and-a-warning-to-North-Korea. Retrieved January 22, 2011. 
6. ^ "S Korean navy rescues hijacked vessel: East Africa agency". Xinhua News Agency. January 21, 2011. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/photo/2011-01/21/c_13701820.htm. Retrieved January 21, 2011. 
7. ^ Ser, Myo-ja; Hwang, Sun-yoon (January 25, 2011). "Wounded hero captain fights for life". JoongAng Ilbo. http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2931441. Retrieved January 26, 2011. 
8. ^ ^{a b c} Lee, Su-Hyun; Crew, Kevin (January 21, 2011). "South Korea Rescues Crew and Ship From Pirates". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/22/world/asia/22pirates.html. Retrieved January 21, 2011. (subscription required)
9. ^ Berglund, Nina (January 24, 2011). "Pirate battle frees Norwegian ship". Views and News from Norway. http://www.newsinenglish.no/2011/01/24/pirate-battle-frees-norwegian-ship/. Retrieved January 25, 2011. 
10. ^ "A heroic rescue for the ages". JoongAng Ilbo. January 24, 2011. http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2931350. Retrieved January 25, 2011. 
11. ^ "Korean crew of Samho Jewelry expected to return home late next week". Yonhap. January 16, 2011. http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2011/01/16/64/0301000000AEN20110116002800315F.HTML. Retrieved February 3, 2011. 
12. ^ "Remaining 7 S. Korean crew members of freed cargo ship to arrive home Wednesday". Yonhap. January 31, 2011. http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2011/01/31/82/0301000000AEN20110131011400315F.HTML. Retrieved January 31, 2011. 
13. ^ Pflanz, Mike (January 21, 2011). "South Korean commando raid kills eight Somali pirates". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/piracy/8274541/South-Korean-commando-raid-kills-eight-Somali-pirates.html. Retrieved January 21, 2011. 
14. ^ Watts, p. 125
15. ^ "S. Korean Navy Frees Crew of Hijacked Chemical Tanker". Voice of America. January 21, 2011. http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/S-Korea-Military-Rescues-Hijacked-Ship-Off-African-Coast-114351089.html. Retrieved January 22, 2011. 
16. ^ Jung, Ha-Won (January 24, 2011). "High-tech gear helped S. Korea raid on pirates". Agence France-Presse. StarAfrica.com. http://www.starafrica.com/en/news/africa/article/high-tech-gear-helped-s-korea-raid-on-p-142827.html. Retrieved January 25, 2011. 
17. ^ 장, 일현 (January 22, 2011). "'아덴만 여명 작전' 300분의 재구성 ['Operation over the Gulf of Aden' Reconstruction of 300 minutes]". The Chosun Ilbo. http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/01/22/2011012200166.html. Retrieved January 22, 2011. 
18. ^ ^{a b} 이, 해인 (January 23, 2011). "1차 작전 실패‥"해적 거짓항복에 속았다"". MBC News. http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LPOD&mid=tvh&oid=214&aid=0000167153. Retrieved February 5, 2011. 
19. ^ "노획한 소말리아 해적 보트와 소총 공개". YTN. January 21, 2011. http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=100&oid=034&aid=0002241770. Retrieved February 5, 2011. 
20. ^ "S. Korean navy team frees hijacked cargo ship; kills Somali pirates". SeaNews Turkey. January 21, 2011. http://www.seanews.com.tr/article/PIRACY/49738/South-Korea-Piracy-Navy-Samho-Jewelry/. Retrieved February 6, 2011. 
21. ^ ^{a b c} Deok-hyun (January 21, 2011). "S. Korean Navy frees hijacked cargo ship, kills 8 Somali pirates". Yonhap. http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2011/01/21/48/0301000000AEN20110121009600315F.HTML. Retrieved January 21, 2011. 
22. ^ McCurry, Justin (January 21, 2011). "Eight Somali pirates killed as South Korea rescues freighter crew". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jan/21/south-korea-rescue-somali-pirates. Retrieved January 21, 2011. 
23. ^ Kirk, Donald (January 21, 2011). "South Korea delivers setback to Somali pirates, and a warning to North Korea". The Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-Pacific/2011/0121/South-Korea-delivers-setback-to-Somali-pirates-and-a-warning-to-North-Korea. Retrieved January 21, 2011. 
24. ^ Hassan, Abdiqani (January 23, 2011). "Somali pirates threaten to kill Korean hostages". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE70M01O20110123. Retrieved January 24, 2011. 
25. ^ ^{a b} "Somalis accused of piracy are flown to South Korea". BBC News. January 29, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12317578. Retrieved February 1, 2011. 
26. ^ ^{a b} Kim, Christine (February 2, 2011). "Pirates held in Busan like Korean food, legal system". JoongAng Ilbo. Yonhap. http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2931800. Retrieved February 2, 2011. 
27. ^ "Somali Pirates Give Conflicting Evidence". The Chosun Ilbo. February 4, 2011. http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/02/01/2011020101049.html. Retrieved February 4, 2011. 
28. ^ "Rescued Korea crew slam pirate brutality". Gulf Times. February 3, 2011. http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=413734&version=1&template_id=45&parent_id=25. Retrieved February 4, 2011. 

References

• Watts, Anthony J. (2006). Jane's Warship Recognition Guide (4 ed.). London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0060849924. OCLC 63185682. http://books.google.com/books?id=idndHAAACAAJ.