Civil Services of India

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civil service and the permanent bureaucracy of the Government of India. The civil service system is the backbone of the administrative machinery of the country.[1] In the parliamentary democracy of India, the ultimate responsibility for running the administration rests with the elected representatives of the people which are the ministers. The ministers are accountable to the legislature, elected by the people on the basis of universal adult franchise. The ministers are thus indirectly responsible to the people. But the handful of ministers cannot be expected to deal personally with the manifold problems of modern administration. Thus the ministers lay down the policy and it is for the civil servants to carry out this policy. The executive decisions are implemented by the Indian civil servants. A civil servant is any person who is a citizen of India appointed by the Government to any civil service or post in connection with the affairs of the Union and includes a civilian in a Defence Service. Civil servants are employees of the Government of India; however, not all employees of the Government are civil servants. Civil servants in a personal capacity are paid from the Civil List. Civil servants also have some traditional and statutory responsibilities which to some extent protect them from being used for the political advantage of the party in power. Senior civil servants may be called to account by Parliament. History The present modern civil services of India is mostly followed on the pattern of the Indian Civil Service of the British Raj. It was formed after Independence of India in 1947 from the British Raj. Constitution The constitution provides for more Civil Services branches to be set up by giving the power to the Rajya Sabha (upper house of the Parliament of India) to resolve by a two-thirds majority to establish new all-India services or central services. The Indian Forest Service and the Indian Foreign Service are the two services set up under this constitutional provision. At present, the Central Government is finalising on creation of two new all-India services namely the Indian Judicial Service[2][3] and the Indian Legal Service.[4][5][6] Power, Purpose and Responsibilities The responsibility of the civil services is running the administration of India effectively and efficiently. It is believed that the administration of a vast and diverse country like India requires efficient management of its natural, economic and human resources. The country is managed through a number of Central Government agencies in accordance with the policy directions given by the ministries. The members of the civil services represent as administrators in the central government and state government; emissaries in the foreign missions/embassies; as tax collectors and revenue commissioners; as civil service commissioned police officers; as permanent respresentative(s) and employees in the United Nations and its agencies and as Chairman, Managing Director, full-time functional Director/Member of the Board of Management of various Public Sector Undertakings/ Enterprises, Corporations, Banks and financial institutions. Civil servants are employed to various agencies of India and can also be appointed as advisors or special duty officers or private secretaries to ministers of the Union and the State Government. Governance Head of the Indian Civil Service The highest ranking civil servant is the Chief of the Cabinet Secretariat of Republic of India who is also the Cabinet Secretary. He is ex-officio Chairman of the Civil Services Board of the Republic of India; the chief of the Indian Administrative Service and head of all civil services under the rules of business of the Government of India. He also holds the 11th position in the Order of Precedence of India. The position holder is accountable for ensuring that the Civil Service is equipped with the skills and capability to meet the everyday challenges it faces and that civil servants work in a fair and decent environment. Name[7] Dates N. R. Pillai 1950 to 1953 Y.N.Sukthankar 1953 to 1957 M.K.Vellodi 1957 to 1958 Vishnu Sahay 1958 to 1960 B.N.Jha 1960 to 1961 Vishnu Sahay 1961 to 1962 S.S.Khera 1962 to 1964 Dharam Vira 1964 to 1966 D.S.Joshi 1966 to 1968 B.Sivaraman 1969 to 1970 T.Swaminathan 1970 to 1972 B.D.Pande 1972 to 1977 N.K. Mukarji 1977 to 1980 S.S.Grewal 1980 to 1981 C.R.Krishnaswamy Rao 1981 to 1985 P.K.Kaul 1985 to 1986 B.G.Deshmukh 1986 to 1989 T.N.Seshan 1989 to 1989 V.C.Pande 1989 to 1990 Naresh Chandra 1990 to 1992 S.Rajgopal 1992 to 1993 Zafar Saifullah 1993 to 1994 Surendra Singh 1994 to 1996 T.S.R.Subramaniam 1996 to 1998 Prabhat Kumar 1998 to 2000 T.R. Prasad 2000 to 2002 Kamal Pande 2002 to 2004 B. K. Chaturvedi 2004 to 2007 K. M. Chandrasekhar 2007 to 2011 A.K. Seth 2011 to Present Values and Codes Civil Service Values A member of the civil service in discharge of his/her functions is to be guided by maintaining absolute integrity, allegiance to the constitution and the law of the nation, patriotism, national pride, devotion to duty, honesty, impartiality and transparency.[8] Civil Service Codes The Government of India promotes values and a certain standard of ethics of requiring and facilitating every civil servant[8]: To discharge official duty with responsibility, honesty, accountability and without discrimination. To ensure effective management, leadership development and personal growth. To avoid misuse of official position or information. To serve as instruments of good governance and foster social economic development. Construction The Civil Services of India can be classified into two types - the All India Services and the Central Civil Services (Group A and B). The recruits are university graduates (or above) selected through a rigorous system of examinations, called the Civil Services Examination (CSE) conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). All India Services (AIS) All appointments to All India Services are made by the President of India. Indian Administrative Service Indian Forest Service Indian Police Service Central Civil Services (CCS) The CCS are concerned with the administration of the Union Government, unlike the AIS which work for the Union as well as the various State Governments. These services deal with the subjects such as foreign affairs, defense (civil administration), union taxation, economy, engineering, accounts, communication etc. The Central Civil Services are classified into Group A (Class I) and Group B (Class II). Group A[9] All appointments to Central Civil Services, Group A are made by the President of India. Indian Foreign Service, Group A Central Secretariat Service, Group A (Selection Grade and Grade I officers only) Indian Revenue Service, Group A (Income Tax and Customs & Central Excise branches) Indian Economic Service, Group A Indian Audits and Accounts Service, Group A Indian Postal Service, Group A Indian Railway Traffic Service, Group A Indian Defense Accounts Service, Group A Indian Statistical Service, Group A Indian Telecommunication Service, Group A Indian Posts and Telegraphs Accounts and Finance Service, Group A Indian Cost Accounts Service, Group A Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group A Indian Meteorological Service, Group A Indian Salt Service, Group A Indian Frontier Administrative Service, Group A Indian Information Service, Group A Indian Supply Service, Group A Indian Engineering Service, Group A Central Engineering (Electrical and Mechanical) Service, Group A Central Water Engineering Service, Group A Central Power Engineering Service, Group A Central Engineering Service (Roads), Group A Central Health Service, Group A Central Revenues Chemical Service, Group A Indian Trade Service, Group A Central Legal Service (Grades I, II, III and IV only) Indian Archaeological Service, Group A Geological Survey of India, Group A Zoological Survey of India, Group A Botanical Survey of India, Group A General Central Service, Group A Mercantile Marine Training Ship Service, Group A Directorate General of Mines Safety, Group A Overseas Communications Service, Group A Survey of India, Group A Railway Inspectorate Service, Group A Telegraph Traffic Service, Group A Company Law Board Service, Group A Labour Officers of the Central Pool, Group A Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Services, Group A Group B[10] All appointments to Group B, Group C and Group D are made by the authorities specified by a general or special order of the President. Indian Foreign Service, Group ‘B’ - (General Cadre, Grade I and General Cadre, Grade II only) Central Secretariat Service, Group 'B' (Section and Assistants’ Grade officers only) Indian Posts and Telegraphs Accounts and Finance Service, Group ‘B’ Telecommunication Wing. Indian Posts & Telegraphs Accounts & Finance Service, Postal Wing, Group ‘B’ Indian Salt Service, Group ‘B’ India Meteorological Service, Group ‘B' Central Secretariat Official Language Service, Group ‘B’ Central Secretariat Stenographers’ Service, (Grade I, Grade II and Selection Grade officers only) Central Health Service, Group ‘B’ Income Tax Service, Group ‘B’ Botanical Survey of India, Group 'B'. Geological Survey of India, Group 'B'. Geological Survey of India, Group 'B'. Survey of India, Group 'B'. Zoological Survey of India, Group 'B'. Central Electrical Engineering Service, Group 'B'. Central Engineering Service, Group 'B'. Central Power Engineering Service, Group ‘B’ Postal Superintendents’ Service, Group ‘B’ Postmasters’ Service, Group ‘B’ Telecommunication Engineering Service, Group ‘B’ Telegraphs Traffic Service, Group ‘B Central Excise Service, Group ‘B’ Customs Appraisers Service, Group ‘B’- (Principal Appraisers and Head Appraisers) Customs Preventive Service, Group ‘B’ – (Chief Inspectors) Defence Secretariat Service Union Territories Administrative Service Union Territorries Police Service State Civil Services (SCS/PCS) The State Civil Services (also known as Provincial Civil Services) examinations and recruitments are conducted by the individual states of India. The state civil services deals with subjects such as land revenue, agriculture, forests, education etc. The officers of the state civil services are recruited by different States through the State Public Service Commissions. The categories of services to which candidates are selected through the state civil services (SCS) examination are as under: State Civil Services, Class-I (SCS) State Police Service, Class-I (SPS). Block Development Officer. Tehsildar/Talukadar/Assistant Collector. Excise and Taxation Officer. District Employment Officer. District Treasury Officer. District Welfare Officer. Assistant Registrar Cooperative Societies. District Food and Supplies Controller/Officer. Any other Class-I/Class-II service notified as per rules by the concerned State. Employment by Agency Federal Government executive branch civilian employment: Ministry of Defence Ministry of Finance Ministry of External Affairs Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Tribal Affairs Ministry of Panchayati Raj Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Ministry of Science and Technology Ministry of Earth Sciences Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Ministry of Power Ministry of Corporate Affairs Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas Ministry of Urban Development Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs Ministry of Civil Aviation Ministry of Communications and Information Technology Ministry of Urban Development Ministry of Human Resource Development Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Ministry of Law and Justice Ministry of Minority Affairs Ministry of Labour and Employment Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Ministry of Commerce and Industry Ministry of Textiles Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises Ministry of Culture Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation Ministry of Tourism Ministry of Steel Ministry of Shipping Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment Ministry of Railways Ministry of Rural Development Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Ministry of Coal Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation Ministry of Mines Ministry of Mines Ministry of Women and Child Development Ministry of Environment and Forests Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Independent agencies: Main article: List of Indian agencies Reserve Bank of India Securities and Exchange Board of India Department of Space Department of Atomic Energy Planning Commission Directorate General of Economic Enforcement Directorate General of Anti-Evasion Directorate of Revenue Intelligence National Advisory Council Central Bureau of Investigation Intelligence Bureau Central Vigilance Commission National Security Guards Reforms and Changes Main article: Civil Service reform in India Main article: Civil service reform in developing countries Miscellaneous Civil Service Day The Civil Service Day is celebrated on 21st of April every year. The purpose for this day is to rededicate and recommit themselves to the cause of the people. It is observed by all Civil Services. This day gives civil servants the opportunity for introspection and thinking about future strategies to deal with the challenges being posed by the changing times.[11]" On this occasion, all officers of Central and State Governments are honoured for excellence in public administration by the Prime Minister of India. The 'Prime Minister Award for Excellence in Public Administration' is presented in three categories. Under this scheme of awards instituted in 2006, all the officers individually or as group or as organization are eligible. The award includes a medal, scroll and a cash amount of Rs.1 lakh. In case of a group, the total award money is Rs.5 lakh subject to a maximum of Rs.1 lakh per person. For an organization the cash amount is limited to Rs.5 lakh. Notes ^ Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (8 June 2011). "The civil service system". New Delhi: Government of India. http://arc.gov.in/viet.ppt. Retrieved 11 October 2011.  ^ R.D. SHARMA (10 January 2010). "Merits of an All India Judicial Service on the pattern of the All India Civil Services". New Delhi: The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/op/2006/08/20/stories/2006082000031600.htm. Retrieved 17 November 2011.  ^ "Plan for All-India Judicial Service Faces Roadblocks". New Delhi: Outlook India. 14 November 2010. http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=701117. Retrieved 17 November 2011.  ^ Akshaya Mukul (10 January 2010). "India Legal Service soon to be established on par with IAS". New Delhi: Times of India. http://http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-10/india/28117576_1_law-firms-ias-officers. Retrieved 17 November 2011.  ^ Maneesh Chhibber (11 June 2010). "Indian Legal Service to be created soon". New Delhi: Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/to-attract-young-talent-indian-legal-se.../632360/. Retrieved 17 November 2011.  ^ Dhananjay Mahapatra (6 November 2010). "Two new all-India services on anvil". New Delhi: Times of India. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-06/india/28242414_1_trial-court-judges-law-minister-legal-opinion. Retrieved 17 November 2011.  ^ Cabinet Secretariat, Government of India (8 June 2011). "Complete List of Cabinet Secretaries since 1950". New Delhi: Government of India. http://cabsec.nic.in/about_cabinet.php. Retrieved 15 September 2011.  ^ a b Misra, P.K. (2010-08-04). "The Role of civil services in India (Standard Note: DOPT/Government of India)". Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India. http://www.upacademy.org/presentationpdf/-%20Civil_Services_in_Idia_UPAAM.pdf. Retrieved 2011-08-27.  ^ Complete Civil Service Schedule of the Central Civil Services Group A of India." Central Civil Service Group A - Government of India 1 January 2011. ^ Complete Civil Service Schedule of the Central Civil Services Group B of India." Central Civil Service Group B - Government of India 1 January 2011. ^ "Civil Service Day: India." Civil Service Day - Government of India April 2010. External links UPSC Official Website UPSC Portal UPSC Civil Services Page Others Civil Service Reform in India - Problems and Reforms The All India Services Conduct Rules of 1968 The Central Civil Services Conduct Rules of 1964 Corrupt civil servants to lose part of pension Corrupt may have to pay for govt losses Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. 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