Scyllarus arctus

Scyllarus arctus
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Crustacea
Class:	Malacostraca
Order:	Decapoda
Family:	Scyllaridae
Genus:	Scyllarus
Species:	S. arctus
Binomial name
Scyllarus arctus (Linnaeus, 1758) [2]
Synonyms
Arctus arctus De Haan, 1849 Arctus crenulatus Bouvier, 1905 Arctus ursus Dana, 1852 Astacus arctus Pennant, 1777 Cancer Arctus Linnaeus, 1758 Cancer (Astacus) ursus minor Herbst, 1793 Chrysoma mediterraneum Risso, 1827 Nisto asper Sarato, 1885 Phyllosoma mediterraneum Hope, 1851 Phyllosoma sarniense Lukis, 1835 Phyllosoma parthenopaeum Costa, 1840 Scyllarus tridentatus Leach, 1814 Scyllarus cicada Risso, 1816 Scyllarus (Arctus) crenulatus Bouvier, 1915 Yalomus depressus Rafinesque MS in Holthuis, 1985

Scyllarus arctus is a species of slipper lobster which lives in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean. It is uncommon in British and Irish waters, but a number of English-language vernacular names have been applied, including small European locust lobster,^[2] lesser slipper lobster^[3] and broad lobster.^[4]

Distribution

S. arctus is found throughout the Mediterranean Sea, and in eastern parts of the Atlantic Ocean, from the Azores,^[3] Madeira and the Canary Islands as far north as the English Channel.^[5] The species is rare north of the Bay of Biscay; several specimens have been seen in British waters, but nonetheless, S. arctus is rarer in Britain than the giant squid, Architeuthis dux.^[6] Until 1960, S. arctus was thought to be the only species of Scyllarus in the Mediterranean Sea, but then it was realised that the lesser known Scyllarus pygmaeus is also present throughout much of the Mediterranean Sea.^[7]

Description

Scyllarus arctus may reach up to 16 centimetres (6.3 in) long, although sizes of 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) are more typical. It is reddish-brown in colour, with a dark brown spot in the centre of each abdominal somite, although this is not sharply defined. The pereiopods have a dark blue ring around each segment.^[5] It can be told apart from its close relative Scyllarus pygmaeus, which lives sympatrically with S. arctus, chiefly by its larger size, but also by other features such as the shape of a tubercle on the last thoracic sternite; this is flattened in S. arctus, but conical in S. pygmaeus.^[7] S. arctus has among the smallest measured genome sizes in the Order Decapoda, at less than a third of that seen in the related genus Scyllarides.^[8]

Ecology

S. arctus is susceptible to white spot syndrome,^[9] and is predated upon by a wide range of demersal fish.^[10] It lives at depths of 4–50 m on muddy or rocky substrates, and in Posidonia meadows. It is the subject of small scale fishery, but its scarcity and its small size make it an unattractive target.^[5]

References

1. ^ M. Butler, A. MacDiarmid, R. Wahle, A. Cockcroft & T. Y. Chan (2009). "Scyllarus arctus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 3.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/169949. Retrieved August 25, 2011. 
2. ^ ^{a b} "Scyllarus arctus – small European locust lobster". SeaLifeBase. November 7, 2008. http://www.sealifebase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=26136. 
3. ^ ^{a b} "Scyllarus arctus (Linnaeus, 1758)". Azorean Biodiversity Portal. Universidade dos Açores. http://www.azoresbioportal.angra.uac.pt/listagens.php?lang=en&sstr=5&dis=azores&fld=CodigoEspecie&id=I00542. 
4. ^ John Edward Gray (1850). "Part IV. Crustacea". List of the specimens of British animals in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum. http://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/24179/24179.pdf. 
5. ^ ^{a b c} Lipke Holthuis (1990). "Scyllarus arctus". Marine Lobsters of the World. FAO Fisheries Series. http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/lobsters.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=198. 
6. ^ Doug Henderson (2001-12-21). "Slipper lobster (Scyllarus arctus)". British Marine Wildlife News. http://www.glaucus.org.uk/Scyllarus_arctus.txt. 
7. ^ ^{a b} C. Lewinsohn (1974). "The occurrence of Scyllarus pygmaeus (Bate) in the eastern Mediterranean (Deacpoda, Scyllaridae)". Crustaceana 27 (1): 43–46. doi:10.1163/156854074X00217. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/cr/1974/00000027/00000001/art00007. 
8. ^ A. M. Deiana, A. Cau, E. Coluccia, R. Cannas, A. Milia, S. Salvadori & A. Libertini (1999). "Genome size and AT-DNA content in thirteen species of Decapoda". In F. R. Schram & J. C. von Vaupel Klein. Crustaceans and the Biodiversity Crisis: Proceedings of the Fourth International Crustacean Congress, 1998. Elsevier. pp. 981–985. ISBN 90-04-11387-8. http://flux.ve.ismar.cnr.it/ibm/html//acq/pdf_angelo/libDNAdecapod.pdf. 
9. ^ V. Corbel, Z. Zuprizal, C. Shi, Huang, Sumartono, J.-M. Arcier & J.-R. Bonami (2001). "Experimental infection of European crustaceans with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)". Journal of Fish Diseases 24 (7): 377–382. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00302.x. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118973404/abstract. 
10. ^ Alberto Serrano, Francisco Velasco, Ignacio Olaso & Francisco Saacutenchez (2003). "Macrobenthic crustaceans in the diet of demersal fish in the Bay of Biscay in relation to abundance in the environment". Sarsia 88 (1): 36–48. doi:10.1080/00364820308469. http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/35861823-31423371/content~db=all~content=a713607401~tab=content. 

Further reading

• D. T. G. Quigley, K. Flannery, D. Herdson, R. Lord & J. M. C. Holmes (2010). "Slipper lobster (Scyllarus arctus (L.)) (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Irish, U.K. and Channel Island waters". Irish Naturalists' Journal 31: 33–39. 

External links

External identifiers for Scyllarus arctus
EOL	128511
ITIS	97666
NCBI	198229
WoRMS	107709

• Media related to Scyllarus arctus at Wikimedia Commons