Commission on Scottish Devolution

Scotland

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The Commission on Scottish Devolution, also referred to as the Calman Commission, Scottish Parliament Commission^[1] or Review^[2] was established by an opposition Labour Party motion passed by the Scottish Parliament on 6 December 2007, with the support of the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats.^[3] The governing Scottish National Party opposed the creation of the commission.

Its terms of reference were: "To review the provisions of the Scotland Act 1998 in the light of experience and to recommend any changes to the present constitutional arrangements that would enable the Scottish Parliament to serve the people of Scotland better, improve the financial accountability of the Scottish Parliament and continue to secure the position of Scotland within the United Kingdom."^[1]

The Commission held its first full meeting at the Scottish Parliament on 28 April 2008^[4] and met at roughly monthly intervals^[5] during its period of work.

It issued a first report on 2 December 2008, and a final report on 15 June 2009. It was accountable to both the Scottish Parliament and the UK Government.

The Commission on Scottish Devolution should not be confused with the Scottish Constitutional Commission, which is an independent think-tank.

Calman Plus has been advocated by senior Scottish Liberal Democrat politicians,^[6][7] as the next step in deepening devolution. Calman Plus should not be confused with full fiscal autonomy, although neither concept has been definitively defined.

Membership

The Commission has 15 members,^[8][9] including nominees of the three Unionist parties, representatives of business, trade unions, academia and community organisations.

• Professor Sir Kenneth Calman (convener); Chancellor of the University of Glasgow (Chairman)
• Colin Boyd; former Lord Advocate and Labour peer
• Rani Dhir; Director, Drumchapel Housing Co-operative
• Professor Sir David Edward; retired Judge of the European Court of Justice
• Lord Selkirk of Douglas; former Scottish Office Minister, now Conservative peer
• Lord Elder (Murray Elder); member of the House of Lords (Labour)
• Audrey Findlay; former Leader of Aberdeenshire Council, now Convener of the Scottish Liberal Democrats
• James Lindesay-Bethune, 16th Earl of Lindsay; former Scottish Office Minister, now Conservative peer and Chairman of the Scottish Agricultural College
• John Loughton; youth activist, former Chairman, Scottish Youth Parliament
• Murdoch MacLennan; Chief Executive, Telegraph Media Group
• Shonaig Macpherson; Chair of the National Trust for Scotland and of the Scottish Council for Development and Industry
• Iain McMillan; Director, CBI Scotland
• Mona Siddiqui; Professor of Islamic Studies, University of Glasgow
• Matt Smith; Scottish Secretary, UNISON
• Jim Wallace; former Deputy First Minister and former leader of the Scottish Liberal Democrats, now Liberal Democrat peer

Task groups

The Commission established five task groups to assist it in its work. These met in between meetings of the full Commission. The task groups and their chairs are as follows:

• Principles - Sir Kenneth Calman
• Functions - Professor Sir David Edward
• Engagement - Murdoch MacLennan
• Financial Accountability - Shonaig Macpherson
• Inter-Governmental Relations - Jim Wallace

Independent expert group

There is also an independent expert group established to advise the Commission on financial accountability. This is chaired by Professor Anton Muscatelli, Vice-Chancellor and Principal of Heriot Watt University, and includes academics from Scotland, the rest of the UK and overseas. It produced a detailed report for the Commission in November 2008, examining different models for funding sub-national parliaments, and suggesting that a mixture of grant funding, tax devolution and tax assignment was likely to be necessary in a Scottish context. In June 2009, the IEG published further reports on borrowing and on natural resource taxation, plus a response to some of the Commission's consultation questions.

First report

The Commission's first report, released in December 2008^[10] declared that devolution had been a success, while making the case for Scotland's continued place within the United Kingdom. On funding, it endorsed the view of the independent expert group that full fiscal autonomy is incompatible with the continuation of the United Kingdom.^[11] The Report launched a second phase of consultation, inviting further evidence on a wide range of questions (encapsulated in an accompanying consultation document) by the end of February 2009.

Final report

The Commission's final report was published on 15 June 2009.

The main conclusions and recommendations are:

• that devolution has been a success, and is here to stay
• that the Scottish Parliament should have substantially greater control over the raising of the revenues that make up the Scottish budget, primarily through sharing with the UK Parliament responsibililty for setting income tax rates (although the number of rates, the differences between them, eligibility and so on should remain wholly UK responsibilities) and through devolution of some smaller taxes (Air Passenger Duty, Landfill Tax, the Aggregates Levy and Stamp Duty Land Tax)
• that the UK should reduce income tax rates in Scotland by 10p (on the basic and higher rates), and reduce the block grant by a corresponding amount, thus requiring the Scottish Parliament to make a tax decision (i.e. whether to restore the 10p or to set a Scottish rate that is higher or lower than the rate in the rest of the UK)
• that the reduced block grant should continue to be calculated through the Barnett formula in the short term, but that a UK-wide needs assessment should replace it in the longer term
• that the Scottish Government should have new borrowing powers to cover capital projects, as well as possibly enhanced access to short-term borrowing
• that responsibility for the regulation of airguns, the administration of elections, drink-driving limits and the national speed limit should be devolved
• that the regulation of health professions and corporate insolvency, currently largely reserved, should be fully reserved; and that there should be single UK definitions of "charity" and "charitable purposes"
• greater involvement of Scottish Ministers in key decisions and appointments relating to UK bodies such as the BBC, the Crown Estate and the Health and Safety Executive
• that there should be better inter-parliamentary dialogue and communication, including through removing barriers to joint working of committees, having Scottish Ministers attending UK Parliament committees and UK Ministers attending the Scottish Parliament (including to outline the implications of the annual Queen's Speech), and establishing a joint liaison committee
• enhancement of the Joint Ministerial Committee (JMC) structure, including by creation of new sub-committees, and the production of an annual report
• development of the existing Sewel Convention, including through entrenchment in Westminster standing orders, Scottish MPs being represented on committees scrutinising Bills that engage the Convention, and better communication between the Parliaments, including on "legislative consent motions" under the Convention
• the creation of a new mechanism to enable the Scottish Parliament to legislate on reserved matters with the UK Parliament's consent (by order)
• enhanced procedures for Scottish Parliamentary scrutiny of Bills, including splitting the existing Stage 3 into two stages, and creating a presumption that amendments at Stage 3 to introduce substantial new provisions will be referred back to committee
• a requirement that anyone introducing a Bill (not just a Minister) needs to state that the Bill is within the Parliament's legislative competence, and give reasons for that view.

Calman Review white paper

Responding to the findings of the review, the UK government announced on 25 November 2009, that new powers would be devolved to the Scottish Government, notably on how it can raise tax and carry out capital borrowing, and the running of Scottish Parliament elections.^[12] These proposals were detailed in a white paper setting out a new Scotland Bill, to become law before the 2015 Holyrood elections.^[12] The proposal was criticised by the UK parliament opposition parties for not proposing to implement any changes before the next general election. Scottish Constitution Minister Michael Russell criticised the white paper, calling it "flimsy" and stating that their proposed Referendum (Scotland) Bill, 2010, whose own white paper was to be published five days later, would be "more substantial".^[12] According to The Independent, the Calman Review white paper proposals fall short of what would normally be seen as requiring a referendum.^[13]

2010 coalition government

Following the election of the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition, the government has pledged to implement the findings of the Calman Commission.^[14]

See also

• Scotland Bill 2010-11
• Constitutional Commission
• National Conversation
• Scottish Consolidated Fund
• Scottish Constitutional Convention
• Constitution for Scotland
• Constitution of the United Kingdom
• Royal Commission on the Constitution (United Kingdom), also referred to as the Kilbrandon Commission
• Independent Commission on Funding and Finance for Wales
• Welsh devolution referendum, 2011

References

1. ^ ^{a b} holyrood.com - The Business of Politics - Pro union devolution review launched
2. ^ Glasgow University chancellor to chair Scottish parliament review - The Daily Record
3. ^ The Scottish Parliament - Official Report
4. ^ Peev, Gerri (2008-04-28). "Big Brother winner joins the Constitutional Commission team". The Scotsman (Edinburgh). http://news.scotsman.com/politics/Big-Brother-winner-joins-the.4024907.jp. 
5. ^ Commission on Scottish Devolution - Minutes of 1st Meeting
6. ^ "Support for 'Calman Plus'". The Scotsman. 29 May 2010. http://www.scotsman.com/news/support_for_calman_plus_1_1366512. Retrieved 16 November 2011. 
7. ^ "Moore said he will not consider any major extension to the Calman proposals. He insisted he took the same view as Scott and he wanted to see 'Calman Plus' – but his version of 'Calman Plus' is Calman with any minor adjustments which might make it work better.". The Scotsman. 5 June 2010. http://www.scotsman.com/news/michael_moore_defies_holyrood_cash_calls_1_1366678. Retrieved 16 November 2011. 
8. ^ "Devolution body members announced". BBC News. 2008-04-28. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/7371693.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-30. 
9. ^ Members of the Commission on Scottish Devolution
10. ^ The Future of Scottish Devolution within the Union: A First Report
11. ^ Full Scots fiscal power ruled out
12. ^ ^{a b c} "New Holyrood powers planned after Calman review". BBC News. 2009-11-25. Archived from the original on 2009-11-30. http://www.webcitation.org/5lfp99q0W. Retrieved 2009-11-30. 
13. ^ Quinn, Joe (2009-11-30). "SNP reveals vision for independence referendum". London: The Independent. Archived from the original on 2009-11-30. http://www.webcitation.org/5lfqjoj1A. Retrieved 2009-11-30. 
14. ^ Policy-by-policy: The coalition government's plans

External links

• Official website