Sheriff Court

Sheriff courts provide the local court service in Scotland, with each court serving a sheriff court district within a sheriffdom.

Sheriff courts deal with a myriad of legal procedures which include:

*Solemn and Summary Criminal cases
*Large and Small estates upon a death
*Fine payments
*Civil actions under Ordinary, Summary Cause and Small Claim Procedures
*Adoption Cases
*Bankruptcy Actions

Functions and operation

The legal cases which are heard within the Courts are dealt with by a Sheriff. A Sheriff is a Judge who is usually assigned to work in a specific Court although some work as 'floating Sheriffs' who may work anywhere in Scotland. There are about a hundred and forty full-time Sheriffs in the various Courts and a number of part-time Sheriffs. They are appointed on the recommendation of the Judicial Appointments Board for Scotland. Until recently there were also 'temporary sheriffs' who were appointed by the executive year by year and only sat for particular days by invitation; this class of sheriff was abolished as being inconsistent with judicial independence following the decision of the High Court of Justiciary in Starrs v Ruxton. [ [http://www.bailii.org/scot/cases/ScotHC/1999/242.html "Hugh Latta Starrs and James Wilson Chalmers and Bill of Advocation for Procurator Fiscal, Linlithgow v. Procurator Fiscal, Linlithgow and Hugh Latta Starrs and James Wilson Chalmers (1999) ScotHC 242"] , November 11 1999, British and Irish Legal Information Institute, accessed September 16 2007]

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The Courts are staffed by civil servants who are employed by the Scottish Court Service which is an executive agency of the Scottish Executive. The Scottish Court Service publishes an online map, lists of Sheriffs, and the rules of the court under different procedures.

Organisation

There are six Sheriffdoms in Scotland, each with a Sheriff Principal. Within each sheriffdom are sheriff court districts, each with a court presided over by one or more sheriffs. The most senior civil servant in each Court is the Sheriff Clerk and he or she is charged directly with the management of the Court. The Sherriffdoms are Glasgow and Strathkelvin, Grampian, Highland and Islands, Lothian and Borders, North Strathclyde, South Strathclyde, Dumfries and Galloway, and Tayside Central and Fife. [ [http://www.scottishlaw.org.uk/scotlaw/sheriff.htm "Quick Guide to the Sheriffdoms in Scotland"] , Scottish Law Online, accessed September 16 2007]

There are currently 49 Sheriff Courts in Scotland. [James Douglas-Hamilton (ed.), [http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1996/Uksi_19961005_en_2.htm "The Sheriff Court Districts (Alteration of Boundaries) Order 1996"] , Office of Public Sector Information, March 29 1996, accessed September 16 2007] Some, in rural areas of Scotland, are small due to the sparse population. Courts such as those in the cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow have a large number of staff and can in one day deal with hundreds of cases. Glasgow Sheriff Court, for example, is the busiest Court in Europe.

Relationship to other courts

Sheriff Courts are above local District Courts who deal with very minor offences and below the Supreme Courts. The High Court of Justiciary deals with serious criminal matters, such as Murder, and the Court of Session is Scotland's supreme civil court.

Any final decision of a Sheriff may be appealed. There is a right of appeal in civil cases to the Sheriff Principal, and in most cases onwards to the Court of Session. Criminal decisions are appealed to the High Court of Justiciary.

So far as civil procedure is concerned, there are different sets of rules for small claims (payment of up to £3000); summary causes (mostly eviction actions)and monetary value between £3000 and £5000; and ordinary causes (the rest). These are all published online, and direct links to them are on [http://www.jonathanmitchell.info/miscellany.html this page] .

ee also

*Courts of Scotland
*Scots law

References

External links

* [http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk Scottish Court Service]
* [http://www.scotland.gov.uk Scottish Executive]
* [http://www.minitrial.org.uk/home.html MiniTrial Information for Schools on Scottish Justice]
* [http://www.advocates.org.uk Faculty of Advocates]
* [http://www.lawscot.org.uk Law Society of Scotland]
* [http://www.jonathanmitchell.info/jurisdiction.html Jurisdiction of Scottish courts]
* [http://www.slab.org.uk Scottish Legal Aid Board]
* [http://www.judicialappointmentsscotland.gov.uk/ Judicial Appointments Board]
* [http://www.judicialappointmentsscotland.gov.uk/judicial/files/Office_Sheriff.pdf Judicial Appointments Board description of post of Sheriff]