Notosuchia

Opisthokonta

Notosuchia Temporal range: Early Cretaceous – Late Cretaceous, 110–65 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Anatosuchus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Superorder:	Crocodylomorpha
clade:	Metasuchia
Suborder:	†Notosuchia Gasparini, 1971
Families
†Notosuchidae †Chimaerasuchidae †Comahuesuchidae †Candidodontidae †Sphagesauridae †Baurusuchidae

Notosuchia is a suborder of primarily Gondwanan mesoeucrocodylian crocodylomorphs that lived during the Cretaceous. Fossils have been found from South America, Africa, and Asia. Notosuchia was a clade of terrestrial crocodilians that evolved a range of feeding behaviours, including herbivory (Chimaerasuchus), omnivory (Simosuchus), and terrestrial hypercarnivory (Baurusuchus). It included many members with highly derived traits unusual for crocodylomorphs, including mammal-like teeth, flexible bands of shield-like body armor similar to those of armadillos (Armadillosuchus), and possibly fleshy cheeks and pig-like snouts (Notosuchus). The suborder was first named in 1971 by Zulma Gasparini and has since undergone many phylogenetic revisions.^[1]

Description

Notosuchians were generally small, with slender bodies and erect limbs. The most distinctive characteristics are usually seen in the skull. Notosuchian skulls are generally short and deep. While most are relatively narrow, some are very broad. Simosuchus has a broadened skull and jaw that resembles a pug, while Anatosuchus has a broad, flat snout like that of a duck.

The teeth vary greatly between different genera. Many have heterodont dentitions that vary in shape across the jaw. Often, there are large canine-like teeth protruding from the front of the mouth and broader molar-like teeth in the back. Some genera, such as Yacarerani and Pakasuchus, have extremely mammal-like teeth. Their molars are complex and multicuspid, and are able to occlude or fit with one another. Some forms such as Malawisuchus had jaw joints that enabled them to move the jaw back and forth in a shearing motion rather than just up and down.

A derived group of notosuchians, the baurusuchids, differ considerably from other forms. They are very large in comparison to other notosuchians and are exclusively carnivorous. Baurusuchids have deep skulls and prominent canine-like teeth.

Classification

Taxonomy

Genera

The evolutionary interrelationships of Notosuchia are in flux, but the following genera are generally considered notosuchians:

Genus	Age	Location	Unit	Notes	Images
Adamantinasuchus	Turonian - Santonian	Brazil	Adamantina Formation	A carnivore with a very short, high skull and large eye sockets
Anatosuchus	Aptian - Albian	Niger	Tegama Group	A small notosuchian under 1 metre (3.3 ft) long with a duck-like snout
Araripesuchus	Albian - Maastrichtian	Madagascar  Niger  Brazil  Argentina	Maevarano Formation Echkar Formation Santana Formation Candeleros Formation	Five species are known, the most of any notosuchian
Armadillosuchus	Turonian - Santonian	Brazil	Adamantina Formation	A sphagesaurid with armadillo-like armor shields.
Baurusuchus	Turonian	Brazil	Adamantina Formation	A large hypercarnivore 3.5 to 4 metres (11 to 13 ft) in length
Caipirasuchus	Turonian – Santonian	Brazil	Adamantina Formation
Campinasuchus	Turonian – Santonian	Brazil	Adamantina Formation
Candidodon	Albian	Brazil	Itapecuru Formation
Chimaerasuchus	Aptian - Albian	China	Wulong Formation	The first notosuchian found with heterodont teeth, thought to be a herbivore
Comahuesuchus	Santonian	Argentina	Bajo de la Carpa Formation
Cynodontosuchus	Coniacian – Santonian	Argentina	Bajo de la Carpa Formation Pichi Picun Leufu Formation
Malawisuchus	Early Cretaceous	Malawi		A possible burrower that could move its jaw back and forth while eating
Mariliasuchus	Campanian - Maastrichtian	Brazil	Adamantina Formation
Morrinhosuchus	Turonian - Santonian	Brazil	Adamantina Formation
Notosuchus	Coniacian - Santonian	Argentina	Bajo de la Carpa Formation	A notosuchian that may have had a pig-like snout
Pakasuchus	Albian	Tanzania		A notosuchian with very complex, mammal-like heterodont teeth.
Pissarrachampsa	Campanian – Maastrichtian	Brazil	Vale do Rio do Peixe Formation
Simosuchus	Maastrichtian	Madagascar		A broad-snouted omnivore with clove-shaped teeth
Sphagesaurus	Late Cretaceous	Brazil	Adamantina Formation	An omnivorous notosuchian
Stratiotosuchus	Turonian – Santonian	Brazil	Adamantina Formation
Uruguaysuchus	Santonian - Campanian	Uruguay
Wargosuchus	Santonian	Argentina	Bajo de la Carpa Formation
Yacarerani	Turonian - Santonian	Bolivia		A notosuchian with rabbit-like incisors found in association with a probable nest

Phylogeny

Cladograms of Notosuchia Ortega et al., 2000[2] Notosuchia  Notosuchus Libycosuchus Baurusuchus Iberosuchus Sebecus Itaborai crocodile Bretesuchus Pol, 2003[3] Notosuchia  Uruguaysuchus Simosuchus Malawisuchus Candidodon Notosuchus Comahuesuchus Chimaerasuchus Sphagesaurus  Sebecosuchia  Baurusuchus Bretesuchus Iberosuchus Larsson and Sues, 2007[4] Metasuchia   Notosuchia Notosuchus Malawisuchus Araripesuchus Baurusuchus Neosuchia  Sebecia  Pabwehshi  Sebecidae  Sebecus Bretesuchus Peirosauridae     Taxa previously assigned to Notosuchia

The clade Notosuchia has undergone many recent phylogenetic revisions. In 2000, Notosuchia was proposed to be one of two groups within the clade Ziphosuchia, the other being Sebecosuchia, which included deep snouted forms such as baurusuchids and sebecids.^[2] The definition of Notosuchia by Sereno et al. (2001) is similar to that of Ziphosuchia as it includes within it Sebecosuchia. Pol (2003) also includes Sebecosuchia within Notosuchia.^[3] More recently, a phylogenetic analysis by Larsson and Sues (2007) resulted in the naming of a new clade, Sebecia, to include sebecids and peirosaurids.^[4] Baurusuchidae was considered to be polyphyletic in this study, with Pabwehshi being a basal member of Sebecia and Baurusuchus being the sister taxon to the clade containing Neosuchia and Sebecia. Thus, Sebecosuchia was no longer within Notosuchia and not considered to be a true clade, while Notosuchia was found to be a basal clade of Metasuchia.

The following cladogram simplified after an analysis of derived notosuchians presented by Fabiano V. Iori and Ismar S. Carvalho in 2011.^[5]

	Araripesuchus Uruguaysuchus Libycosuchus Simosuchus Notosuchus Comahuesuchus Mariliasuchus Adamantinasuchus Yacarerani Candidodon Malawisuchus Chimaerasuchus Sphagesauridae Sphagesaurus huenei Caipirasuchus Armadillosuchus "Sphagesaurus" montealtensis Morrinhosuchus Baurusuchus Sebecidae

The following cladogram simplified after a comprehensive analysis of notosuchians which focused on Simosuchus clarki presented by Alan H. Turner and Joseph J. W. Sertich in 2010.^[6]

Notosuchia

Anatosuchus Mahajangasuchidae Kaprosuchus Mahajangasuchus Peirosauridae Peirosaurus Lomasuchus Hamadasuchus Montealtosuchus Uberabasuchus "Araripesuchus" wegeneri "Araripesuchus" tsangatsangana Araripesuchus buitreraensis Araripesuchus patagonicus Araripesuchus gomesii Uruguaysuchus Ziphosuchia Libycosuchus Simosuchus Malawisuchus Notosuchidae Notosuchus Mariliasuchus Chimaerasuchus Sphagesaurus huenei Sphagesaurus montealtensis Comahuesuchus Yacarerani Adamantinasuchus Armadillosuchus Sebecosuchia Baurusuchus Sebecia

References

1. ^ Gasparini, Z. (1971). "Los Notosuchia del Cretácico de América del Sur como un nuevo Infraorden de los Mesosuchia (Crocodilia)". Ameghiniana 8: 83–103. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Ortega, F. Z.; Buscalioni, A. D.; and Calvo, J. O. (2000). "A new species of Araripesuchus (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Patagonia (Argentina)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20 (1): 57–76. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0057:ANSOAC]2.0.CO;2. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Pol, D. (2003). "New Remains of Sphagesaurus huenei (Crocodylomorpha: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23 (4): 817–831. doi:10.1671/A1015-7. 
4. ^ ^{a b} Larsson, H. C. E.; and Sues, H.-D. (2007). "Cranial osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Hamadasuchus rebouli (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Cretaceous of Morocco". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 (4): 533–567. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00271.x. 
5. ^ Fabiano V. Iori and Ismar S. Carvalho (2011). "Caipirasuchus paulistanus, a new sphagesaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Adamantina Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Turonian–Santonian), Bauru Basin, Brazil". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (6): 1255–1264. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.602777. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2011.602777. 
6. ^ Turner, Alan H.; and Sertich, Joseph J. W. (2010). "Phylogenetic history of Simosuchus clarki (Crocodyliformes: Notosuchia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 (6, Memoir 10): 177–236. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.532348. 

This article about a prehistoric archosaur is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v · Categories: Cretaceous crocodylomorpha Terrestrial crocodiles Prehistoric archosaur stubs Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР? Maraş Massacre Panait Cerna Look at other dictionaries: Notosuchia —   Notosuchia Rango temporal: Cretácico Inferior Cretácico Superior …   Wikipedia Español Notosuchia — Anatosuchus …   Wikipédia en Français Metasuchia — Unikonta Metasuchia Temporal range: Early Jurassic Recent, 196.5–0 Ma …   Wikipedia Notosuchus — Lebendrekonstruktion von Notosuchus Zeitraum Oberkreide ca. 86 bis 83 Mio. Jahre Fundorte Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Argentinien) …   Deutsch Wikipedia Metasuchia — Crâne …   Wikipédia en Français Chimaerasuchidae — Filozoa Chimaerasuchidae Temporal range: Cretaceous Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia …   Wikipedia Chimaerasuchus — Animalia Chimaerasuchus Temporal range: Early Cretaceous Chimaerasuchus paradoxus Scientific classification …   Wikipedia Anatosuchus — Taxobox name = Anatosuchus fossil range = Early Cretaceous image width = 250px image caption = Anatosuchus minor regnum = Animalia phylum = Chordata classis = Sauropsida infraclassis = Archosauromorpha superordo = Crocodylomorpha unranked familia …   Wikipedia Mariliasuchus — Holozoa Mariliasuchus Temporal range: Late Cretaceous Mariliasuchus amarali Scientific classification …   Wikipedia Notosuchidae — Holozoa Notosuchidae Temporal range: 90–83 Ma …   Wikipedia 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”