Dichlorine monoxide

Dichlorine monoxide
Dichlorine monoxide
Identifiers
CAS number 7791-21-1
PubChem 24646
ChemSpider 23048 YesY
ChEBI CHEBI:30198 YesY
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula Cl2O
Molar mass 86.9054 g/mol
Melting point

−120.6 °C, 153 K, -185 °F

Boiling point

2.2 °C, 275 K, 36 °F

Solubility in water very soluble, hydrolyses 143g Cl2O per 100g water[1]
Solubility in other solvents soluble in CCl4
Structure
Dipole moment 0.78 ± 0.08 D
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation
ΔfHo298
+80.3 kJ mol−1
Standard molar
entropy
So298
265.9 J K−1 mol−1
Hazards
NFPA 704
NFPA 704.svg
4
3
3
Related compounds
Related oxides H2O
OF2
 YesY monoxide (verify) (what is: YesY/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Dichlorine monoxide, Cl2O, also known as, oxygen dichloride, dichlorine oxide or chlorine(I) oxide is a chlorine oxide. It is a brownish yellow gas at room temperature which can explode in high concentrations when heated or sparked.[2]

It is best prepared by treating fresh yellow mercury(II) oxide with Cl2 gas:

2 Cl2 + 2 HgO → HgCl2·HgO + Cl2O

It can also be prepared by reaction of Cl2 gas with moist sodium carbonate, Na2CO3. Dichlorine monoxide is very water soluble[1] and is the anhydride of hypochlorous acid. The equilibrium between HOCl and Cl2O in water is reversible[3]

2HOCl <> Cl2O + H2O K(0°C) =3.55x10-3dm3mol-1

Much of the Cl2O manufactured industrially is used to make hypochlorites. It is also the decomposition product of calcium hypochlorite.[citation needed]

The shape of dichlorine monoxide is bent, due to the two lone pairs of electrons orbiting the nucleus that are not used to bond with the chlorine atoms on the oxygen atom.

It contains 42 electrons. 17 electrons of Cl x2 and 8 electrons of O x 1.

References

  1. ^ a b Inorganic chemistry , Egon Wiberg, Nils Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman , "Dichlorine oxide" p.459 , section 5.3.1 google books link
  2. ^ N. N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, "Chemistry of the Elements", 2006 Butterworth-Heinemann
  3. ^ Inorganic chemistry , Egon Wiberg, Nils Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman , "Hypochlorous acid" p.442 , section 4.3.1

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