KPNB1

Karyopherin (importin) beta 1
PDB rendering based on 1f59.
Available structures PDB 1F59, 1IBR, 1M5N, 1O6O, 1O6P, 1QGK, 1QGR, 2P8Q, 2Q5D, 2QNA, 3LWW
Identifiers
Symbols	KPNB1; IMB1; IPO1; IPOB; Impnb; MGC2155; MGC2156; MGC2157; NTF97
External IDs	OMIM: 602738 MGI: 107532 HomoloGene: 1707 GeneCards: KPNB1 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • protein binding • nuclear localization sequence binding • zinc ion binding • protein transporter activity • protein domain specific binding Cellular component • nucleus • nuclear pore • nucleoplasm • cytoplasm • cytosol • cytosol Biological process • protein import into nucleus, translocation • DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change • protein import into nucleus • NLS-bearing substrate import into nucleus • ribosomal protein import into nucleus • apoptosis • cellular component disassembly involved in apoptosis • viral reproduction • viral infectious cycle • interspecies interaction between organisms • viral genome transport in host cell Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3837	16211
Ensembl	ENSG00000108424	ENSMUSG00000001440
UniProt	Q14974	Q3TFE8
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_002265.4	NM_008379.3
RefSeq (protein)	NP_002256.2	NP_032405.3
Location (UCSC)	Chr 17: 45.73 – 45.76 Mb	Chr 11: 97.02 – 97.05 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Importin subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KPNB1 gene.^[1][2]

Nucleocytoplasmic transport, a signal- and energy-dependent process, takes place through nuclear pore complexes embedded in the nuclear envelope. The import of proteins containing a a classical nuclear localization signal (NLS) requires the NLS import receptor, a heterodimer of importin alpha and beta subunits. Each of these subunits are part of the karyopherin family of proteins. Importin alpha binds the NLS-containing cargo in the cytoplasm and importin beta docks the complex at the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex. In the presence of nucleoside triphosphates and the small GTP binding protein Ran, the complex moves into the nuclear pore complex and the importin subunits dissociate. Importin alpha enters the nucleoplasm with its passenger protein and importin beta remains at the pore. Interactions between importin beta and the FG repeats of nucleoporins are essential in translocation through the pore complex. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the importin beta family.^[3]

Interactions

KPNB1 has been shown to interact with NUP98,^[4][5] Karyopherin alpha 1,^[6][7] KPNA3,^[6][8] Karyopherin alpha 2,^[9][6][10] SMN1,^[11] Parathyroid hormone-related protein,^[12][13] Nucleoporin 62,^[14][7] RANBP2,^[15][16][14] Ran (biology),^[17][7][18] RANBP1,^[15][18] NUP50,^[19] P53,^[20] NUP153^[21][22][14] and Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3.^[23]

References

1. ^ Chi NC, Adam EJ, Adam SA (Aug 1995). "Sequence and characterization of cytoplasmic nuclear protein import factor p97". J Cell Biol 130 (2): 265–74. doi:10.1083/jcb.130.2.265. PMC 2199936. PMID 7615630. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2199936. 
2. ^ Gorlich D, Kostka S, Kraft R, Dingwall C, Laskey RA, Hartmann E, Prehn S (Sep 1995). "Two different subunits of importin cooperate to recognize nuclear localization signals and bind them to the nuclear envelope". Curr Biol 5 (4): 383–92. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(95)00079-0. PMID 7627554. 
3. ^ "Entrez Gene: KPNB1 karyopherin (importin) beta 1". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3837. 
4. ^ Moroianu, J; Blobel G, Radu A (Sep. 1997). "RanGTP-mediated nuclear export of karyopherin alpha involves its interaction with the nucleoporin Nup153". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 94 (18): 9699–704. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.18.9699. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 23253. PMID 9275187. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=23253. 
5. ^ Bonifaci, N; Moroianu J, Radu A, Blobel G (May. 1997). "Karyopherin beta2 mediates nuclear import of a mRNA binding protein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 94 (10): 5055–60. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.10.5055. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 24630. PMID 9144189. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=24630. 
6. ^ ^{a b c} Köhler, M; Speck C, Christiansen M, Bischoff F R, Prehn S, Haller H, Görlich D, Hartmann E (Nov. 1999). "Evidence for distinct substrate specificities of importin alpha family members in nuclear protein import". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 19 (11): 7782–91. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 84838. PMID 10523667. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=84838. 
7. ^ ^{a b c} Percipalle, P; Clarkson W D, Kent H M, Rhodes D, Stewart M (Mar. 1997). "Molecular interactions between the importin alpha/beta heterodimer and proteins involved in vertebrate nuclear protein import". J. Mol. Biol. (ENGLAND) 266 (4): 722–32. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0801. ISSN 0022-2836. PMID 9102465. 
8. ^ Nachury, M V; Ryder U W, Lamond A I, Weis K (Jan. 1998). "Cloning and characterization of hSRP1 gamma, a tissue-specific nuclear transport factor". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 95 (2): 582–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.2.582. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 18463. PMID 9435235. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=18463. 
9. ^ Nagoshi, E; Yoneda Y (Apr. 2001). "Dimerization of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 via the helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper domain is a prerequisite for its nuclear localization mediated by importin beta". Mol. Cell. Biol. (United States) 21 (8): 2779–89. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.8.2779-2789.2001. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 86908. PMID 11283257. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=86908. 
10. ^ Kutay, U; Bischoff F R, Kostka S, Kraft R, Görlich D (Sep. 1997). "Export of importin alpha from the nucleus is mediated by a specific nuclear transport factor". Cell (UNITED STATES) 90 (6): 1061–71. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80372-4. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 9323134. 
11. ^ Narayanan, Usha; Ospina Jason K, Frey Mark R, Hebert Michael D, Matera A Gregory (Jul. 2002). "SMN, the spinal muscular atrophy protein, forms a pre-import snRNP complex with snurportin1 and importin beta". Hum. Mol. Genet. (England) 11 (15): 1785–95. doi:10.1093/hmg/11.15.1785. ISSN 0964-6906. PMC 1630493. PMID 12095920. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1630493. 
12. ^ Cingolani, Gino; Bednenko Janna, Gillespie Matthew T, Gerace Larry (Dec. 2002). "Molecular basis for the recognition of a nonclassical nuclear localization signal by importin beta". Mol. Cell (United States) 10 (6): 1345–53. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00727-X. ISSN 1097-2765. PMID 12504010. 
13. ^ Lam, M H; Hu W, Xiao C Y, Gillespie M T, Jans D A (Mar. 2001). "Molecular dissection of the importin beta1-recognized nuclear targeting signal of parathyroid hormone-related protein". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (United States) 282 (2): 629–34. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4607. ISSN 0006-291X. PMID 11401507. 
14. ^ ^{a b c} Ben-Efraim, I; Gerace L (Jan. 2001). "Gradient of increasing affinity of importin beta for nucleoporins along the pathway of nuclear import". J. Cell Biol. (United States) 152 (2): 411–7. doi:10.1083/jcb.152.2.411. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2199621. PMID 11266456. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2199621. 
15. ^ ^{a b} Yaseen, N R; Blobel G (Sep. 1999). "GTP hydrolysis links initiation and termination of nuclear import on the nucleoporin nup358". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 274 (37): 26493–502. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.37.26493. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10473610. 
16. ^ Delphin, C; Guan T, Melchior F, Gerace L (Dec. 1997). "RanGTP targets p97 to RanBP2, a filamentous protein localized at the cytoplasmic periphery of the nuclear pore complex". Mol. Biol. Cell (UNITED STATES) 8 (12): 2379–90. ISSN 1059-1524. PMC 25714. PMID 9398662. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=25714. 
17. ^ Kutay, U; Izaurralde E, Bischoff F R, Mattaj I W, Görlich D (Mar. 1997). "Dominant-negative mutants of importin-beta block multiple pathways of import and export through the nuclear pore complex". EMBO J. (ENGLAND) 16 (6): 1153–63. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.6.1153. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 1169714. PMID 9135132. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1169714. 
18. ^ ^{a b} Plafker, K; Macara I G (May. 2000). "Facilitated nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the Ran binding protein RanBP1". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 20 (10): 3510–21. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.10.3510-3521.2000. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 85643. PMID 10779340. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=85643. 
19. ^ Lindsay, Mark E; Plafker Kendra, Smith Alicia E, Clurman Bruce E, Macara Ian G (Aug. 2002). "Npap60/Nup50 is a tri-stable switch that stimulates importin-alpha:beta-mediated nuclear protein import". Cell (United States) 110 (3): 349–60. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00836-X. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 12176322. 
20. ^ Akakura, S; Yoshida M, Yoneda Y, Horinouchi S (May. 2001). "A role for Hsc70 in regulating nucleocytoplasmic transport of a temperature-sensitive p53 (p53Val-135)". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 276 (18): 14649–57. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100200200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11297531. 
21. ^ Nakielny, S; Shaikh S, Burke B, Dreyfuss G (Apr. 1999). "Nup153 is an M9-containing mobile nucleoporin with a novel Ran-binding domain". EMBO J. (ENGLAND) 18 (7): 1982–95. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.7.1982. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 1171283. PMID 10202161. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1171283. 
22. ^ Kehlenbach, R H; Gerace L (Jun. 2000). "Phosphorylation of the nuclear transport machinery down-regulates nuclear protein import in vitro". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 275 (23): 17848–56. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001455200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10749866. 
23. ^ Xiao, Z; Liu X, Lodish H F (Aug. 2000). "Importin beta mediates nuclear translocation of Smad 3". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 275 (31): 23425–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.C000345200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10846168. 

Further reading

• Bukrinsky MI, Haffar OK (2004). "HIV-1 nuclear import: in search of a leader.". Front. Biosci. 2: d578–87. PMID 9366553. 
• Bukrinsky MI, Haffar OK (1998). "HIV-1 nuclear import: matrix protein is back on center stage, this time together with Vpr.". Mol. Med. 4 (3): 138–43. PMC 2230352. PMID 9562972. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2230352. 
• Christophe D, Christophe-Hobertus C, Pichon B (2000). "Nuclear targeting of proteins: how many different signals?". Cell. Signal. 12 (5): 337–41. doi:10.1016/S0898-6568(00)00077-2. PMID 10822175. 
• Chook YM, Blobel G (2002). "Karyopherins and nuclear import.". Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 11 (6): 703–15. doi:10.1016/S0959-440X(01)00264-0. PMID 11751052. 
• Li L, Li HS, Pauza CD, et al. (2006). "Roles of HIV-1 auxiliary proteins in viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions.". Cell Res. 15 (11–12): 923–34. doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7290370. PMID 16354571. 
• Bukrinsky MI, Sharova N, Dempsey MP, et al. (1992). "Active nuclear import of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 preintegration complexes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (14): 6580–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.14.6580. PMC 49545. PMID 1631159. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=49545. 
• Bukrinsky MI, Haggerty S, Dempsey MP, et al. (1993). "A nuclear localization signal within HIV-1 matrix protein that governs infection of non-dividing cells". Nature 365 (6447): 666–9. doi:10.1038/365666a0. PMID 8105392. 
• Lounsbury KM, Richards SA, Perlungher RR, Macara IG (1996). "Ran binding domains promote the interaction of Ran with p97/beta-karyopherin, linking the docking and translocation steps of nuclear import". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (5): 2357–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.5.2357. PMID 8576188. 
• Görlich D, Henklein P, Laskey RA, Hartmann E (1996). "A 41 amino acid motif in importin-alpha confers binding to importin-beta and hence transit into the nucleus". EMBO J. 15 (8): 1810–7. PMC 450097. PMID 8617226. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=450097. 
• Weis K, Ryder U, Lamond AI (1996). "The conserved amino-terminal domain of hSRP1 alpha is essential for nuclear protein import". EMBO J. 15 (8): 1818–25. PMC 450098. PMID 8617227. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=450098. 
• Moroianu J, Blobel G, Radu A (1996). "Nuclear protein import: Ran-GTP dissociates the karyopherin alphabeta heterodimer by displacing alpha from an overlapping binding site on beta". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (14): 7059–62. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.14.7059. PMC 38935. PMID 8692944. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=38935. 
• Görlich D, Panté N, Kutay U, et al. (1996). "Identification of different roles for RanGDP and RanGTP in nuclear protein import". EMBO J. 15 (20): 5584–94. PMC 452303. PMID 8896452. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=452303. 
• Chi NC, Adam EJ, Adam SA (1997). "Different binding domains for Ran-GTP and Ran-GDP/RanBP1 on nuclear import factor p97". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (10): 6818–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.10.6818. PMID 9045717. 
• Percipalle P, Clarkson WD, Kent HM, et al. (1997). "Molecular interactions between the importin alpha/beta heterodimer and proteins involved in vertebrate nuclear protein import". J. Mol. Biol. 266 (4): 722–32. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0801. PMID 9102465. 
• Kutay U, Izaurralde E, Bischoff FR, et al. (1997). "Dominant-negative mutants of importin-beta block multiple pathways of import and export through the nuclear pore complex". EMBO J. 16 (6): 1153–63. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.6.1153. PMC 1169714. PMID 9135132. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1169714. 
• Bonifaci N, Moroianu J, Radu A, Blobel G (1997). "Karyopherin beta2 mediates nuclear import of a mRNA binding protein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (10): 5055–60. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.10.5055. PMC 24630. PMID 9144189. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=24630. 
• Görlich D, Dabrowski M, Bischoff FR, et al. (1997). "A novel class of RanGTP binding proteins". J. Cell Biol. 138 (1): 65–80. doi:10.1083/jcb.138.1.65. PMC 2139951. PMID 9214382. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2139951. 
• Tiganis T, Flint AJ, Adam SA, Tonks NK (1997). "Association of the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase with nuclear import factor p97". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (34): 21548–57. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.34.21548. PMID 9261175.