- Woodstock, Connecticut
-
Woodstock, Connecticut — Town — 
SealLocation in Windham County, Connecticut
Coordinates: 41°58′N 72°1′W / 41.967°N 72.017°WCoordinates: 41°58′N 72°1′W / 41.967°N 72.017°W Country United States State Connecticut Region Northeastern Connecticut Founded 1686 Annexed by Connecticut 1749 Government - Government type Selectman-town meeting - First selectman Allan D. Walker Jr Area - Total 61.8 sq mi (160.1 km2) - Land 60.5 sq mi (156.8 km2) - Water 1.3 sq mi (3.4 km2) Elevation 794 ft (242 m) Population (2005)[1] - Total 8,047 - Density 133/sq mi (51/km2) Time zone Eastern (UTC-5) - Summer (DST) Eastern (UTC-4) ZIP code 06281 Area code(s) 860 FIPS code 09-88190 GNIS feature ID 0213541 Website www.woodstockct.gov Woodstock is a town in Windham County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 7,221 at the 2000 census.
Contents
Annual events
- The Woodstock Fair, run by the Woodstock Agricultural Society (established in 1846) has been held since 1860. The current President of the Woodstock Fair is Susan Z. Hibbard. For more information, visit their Web site.
History
17th century
In the mid-17th century, John Eliot, a Puritan missionary to the American Indians, established "praying towns" where Native Americans took up Christianity and were expected to renounce their religious ceremonies, traditional dress, and customs. One Praying town, called Wabaquasset (Senexet, Wabiquisset), six miles west of the Quinebaug River in present-day Woodstock, was the largest of the three northeastern Connecticut praying towns.
In 1675, when King Philip's War broke out, some of the town's Indians, (especially in the southern part of the town) sided with the Mohegans and the English while others sided with the Indians led by Philip, rallying to arms on what is now Curtis Island in present Holland, Massachusetts and Brimfield, Massachusetts. During the war, the Praying town became deserted, and the English with their Indian allies marched through Woodstock to present day Thompson in the summer of 1676 burning any crops or stored corn they could find.[2]
In 1682, Massachusetts bought a tract of land, which included Woodstock, from the Mohegans. A group of 13 men from Roxbury, Massachusetts (home of the Pastorate of Woodstock's earlier visitor, John Eliot), settled the town in 1686 and named it New Roxbury. Judge Samuel Sewall suggested the town change its name to Woodstock in 1690, and in 1749 the town became part of Connecticut.[2]
18th and 19th centuries
A farming town in the 18th century, Woodstock began attracting industry after the War of 1812. "By 1820, there were 2 distilleries, 2 wheel wrights, an oil mill, fulling mill, carding machines, grist mills, saw mills, a goldsmith, and twine and cotton batting operations. Woodstock Valley was known for its shoe factories," according to the history page at the Woodstock town government Web site.[2]
By the middle of the 19th century, industry almost ceased, and Woodstock reverted back to a rural state. The town then became a summer destination for wealthy city dwellers from around the East coast of the United States.[2]
Critical to this development was Henry Bowen (see below), who had grown up in Woodstock and moved to Brooklyn NY, where he headed the lay managers of the famed Plymouth Church. Henry Ward Beecher, the pastor, was a charismatic figure who helped to redefine Protestantism, changing it from a religion based on fear of damnation to one based on on the certainty of God's love. In conformity with his principals, Beecher became deeply involved in the mid-19th Century debates over slavery and increasingly embattled in the political controversies that fueled the formation of the Republican party. Bowen invested heavily in the improvement of his home town, built a home there (the so-called Pink House), where Beecher frequently visited. Bowen encouraged other lay leaders of Plymouth Church to summer with him in Woodstock. Included were Frederick Hinrichs, whose descendents still live there; the Holts (the famed publishers) and the Tappans; and Albert Lythgoe, an Egyptologist renowned for pioneering the use of scientific methods in the unearthing of antiquities
Fourth of July celebrations
Henry C. Bowen, a native of the town who became wealthy (through the dry goods business and publishing in Brooklyn, New York) and helped found the Republican Party, subsequently hosted July 4 celebrations in Woodstock at his Roseland Park during the latter part of the 19th century. These celebrations attracted as many as 10,000 people who heard speeches, saw fireworks, and drank pink lemonade. Bowen, often called "Mr. Fourth of July," was an important benefactor of the town, and the founder of the anti-slavery newspaper The Independent. Bowen gave his Roseland Park, which included a man-made lake, to the community.[3]
U.S. Presidents visited Bowen's summer home on Woodstock Hill: Ulysses S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison, and Rutherford B. Hayes, as his guests and speakers for 4 July celebrations. However, only Grant visited while he was a sitting President. Grant spent a night there in spite of the fact that Bowen (a teetotaler) forbade drinking and smoking in his home (Grant was made to smoke his cigars out on the porch, and he drank covertly).[3]
Other prominent visitors were Henry Ward Beecher and John C. Fremont.[2]
Roseland Cottage
HABS photo of Roseland Cottage (1970).
Roseland Cottage, also known as the Pink House or the Bowen House, was a summer home built by wealthy businessman Henry C. Bowen in 1846. This is where Bowen hosted U.S. Presidents for his then-famous Independence Day celebrations at Roseland Park. Ulysses S. Grant bowled his first strike in the bowling alley located in the carriage barn.[3]
The pink colored house features "tall, angular gables, gingerbread trim, and 21 formal flower gardens outlined by dwarf boxwood hedges," according to a Hartford Courant article. Roseland is an example of Victorian Gothic Revival style, which can be seen in its pointed gables, scrolled bargeboards, many tall chimneys, and leaded glass windows in diamond shapes. The outside walls, of board and batten wood siding, have been painted 13 different colors over the past 150 years—all shades of pink (as of the summer of 2006 the house was a coral or salmon color). The house still has the owners' original furniture and knickknacks.[3]
Roseland was designed (under Bowen's direction) by architect Joseph C. Wells. The design was influenced by the architectural design books of architectural critic Andrew Jackson Downing.[3]
Fine Homebuilding magazine named Roseland one of the 25 most important houses in America in its 2006 Fine Homebuilding Houses Annual Issue.[3]
Roseland Cottage was purchased by Historic New England in 1970 and is currently open to the public for tours.[3]
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 61.8 square miles (160 km2), of which 60.5 square miles (157 km2) is land and 1.3 square miles (3.4 km² or 2.10%) is water. It is the second-largest town in Connecticut in terms of land area (after New Milford).
Principal communities
- East Woodstock
- Harrisville
- Kenyonville
- North Woodstock
- South Woodstock
- West Woodstock
- Woodstock Hill (town center)
- Woodstock Valley
Demographics
As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 7,221 people, 2,754 households, and 2,048 families residing in the town. The population density was 119.3 people per square mile (46.1/km²). There were 3,044 housing units at an average density of 50.3 per square mile (19.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.37% White, 0.17% African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.44% from other races, and 1.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.82% of the population.
There were 2,754 households out of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.9% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.6% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the town the population was spread out with 26.3% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $55,313, and the median income for a family was $65,574. Males had a median income of $46,017 versus $30,222 for females. The per capita income for the town was $25,331. About 1.9% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.3% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Woodstock is served by the Woodstock School District. Woodstock Elementary School (Pre-Kindergarten through 4) and Woodstock Middle School (5-8) serve Woodstock. Dr. Francis Baran is the Superintendent. Woodstock Elementary School serves children in pre-Kindergarten through fourth grade. Enrollment exceeded 500 as of 2006.[5] Woodstock Middle School, acquired in 1996, has an enrollment of more than 400 in Grades 5-8.[5]
The town has an "Independent New England Academy" (a special public / private school governed by a 30 member Board of Trustees)[6] called Woodstock Academy, and one private school (The Hyde Schools).
Woodstock Academy
Woodstock Academy, a "New England Academy" which is a corporate school (there are two others in the State; Norwich Free Academy and The Gilbert School) and is governed by a 30 member Board of Trustees, is located in Woodstock. Founded in 1801 as a New England Academy, Woodstock Academy briefly closed twice in the 19th century, and the second time was revived by local philanthropist and Academy graduate Henry C. Bowen. After Bowen's death, his family set up an endowment fund to help keep the school running. In 1915 it became designated the town of Woodstock's public high school. In 1932 Eastford, a nearby community, also designated it as its town high school.[7] From 1915 until 2004 the Town of Woodstock had officially designated the Academy as its public high school. Since then the town's Board of Education and the Academy Trustees have been unable to come to an agreement, although Woodstock continues to send its students to the Academy for its high school.[8]
Today the school serves the towns of Woodstock, Eastford, Pomfret, Union, Canterbury, and Brooklyn with a student population of over 1100.[7] The school is often described as "independent" as it is not controlled by any of the municipalities that it serves or by a regional high school board.
Presently the Woodstock Board of Education is in the process of negotiating a new contract with the school, but negotiations have been at an impasse these last two years as the Woodstock Board of Education has been trying to get more financial control over Woodstock Academy, a school which is, as of 2009, is administered by itself with oversight by the state of Connecticut.
Points of interest
See also
- History of Woodstock, by Ellen Larned, a 19th century historian, who also wrote the History of Windham County.
- History of Woodstock, by Clarence W. Bowen, privately published, 1929.
References
- ^ U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates
- ^ a b c d e [1] "A Brief History of Woodstock" Web page on the Woodstock, Connecticut official town Web site, accessed July 30, 2006
- ^ a b c d e f g [2] Hamilton, Anne M., "Distinguished Digs: Historic Roseland Cottage In Woodstock Wins National Recognition," article, business section, The Hartford Courant, July 30, 2006, Web site accessed July 30, 2006
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ a b [3] "Woodstock's Public Schools" Web page on the official Town of Woodstock Web site, accessed July 30, 2006
- ^ Jay Livernois. Woodstock Academy Trustee, 1997-2007.
- ^ a b [4] "Woodstock Academy" Web page on the Town of Woodstock official Web site, accessed July 30, 2006
- ^ Jay Livernois. Woodstock Board of Education Member, 1993-2005.
External links
- Town Government Web site
- Woodstock Public Schools
- Hartford Courant article on Woodstock's Roseland Cottage, July 30, 2006
- Mystic Country: The Eastern Regional Tourism District
State of ConnecticutTopics Index · Culture · Constitution · Delegations · Elections · Geography · Government · History · Images · People · Visitor Attractions
Regions Counties Fairfield · Hartford · Litchfield · Middlesex · New Haven · New London · Tolland · Windham
Cities Ansonia · Bridgeport · Bristol · Danbury · Derby · Groton · Hartford · Meriden · Middletown · Milford · New Britain · New Haven · New London · Norwalk · Norwich · Shelton · Stamford · Torrington · Waterbury · West Haven
Places Municipalities and communities of Windham County, Connecticut Towns 
Borough Unincorporated
communitiesCentral Village | Dayville | East Brooklyn | Moosup | North Grosvenor Dale | Plainfield Village | Putnam District | Quebec | Quinebaug | South Windham | South Woodstock | Wauregan | Willimantic | Windham Center
Categories:- Woodstock, Connecticut
- Towns in Windham County, Connecticut
- 1686 establishments
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
