List of tropical cyclones

This is a list of notable tropical cyclones, subdivided by basin and reason for notability.

North Atlantic basin

These records are held by Atlantic hurricanes.

outh Atlantic basin

Tropical cyclones rarely form in the South Atlantic Basin. Only three South Atlantic tropical cyclones in the area have been confirmed.
*The Angola Cyclone, 1991 - a tropical storm formed off Angola in April.
*The January Storm, 2004 - a cyclone of depression and possibly storm strength formed in January.
*Cyclone Catarina, 2004 - first positively observed cyclone in the South Atlantic Ocean, and the first one to make landfall as a cyclone.

Eastern Pacific basin

These records are held by Pacific hurricanes.

Western Pacific basin

Retired names

Names retired before 2000 were done so by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Names during and after that year were retired by the Japan Meteorological Agency.

Australian tropical cyclones

See [Queensland Government State Disaster Management Group [http://www.disaster.qld.gov.au/disasters/cyc_history.asp History - Australia's worst cyclone disasters.] Retrieved on 2007-03-17.] See also [http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/sevwx/ Australian Bureau of Meteorology - Severe Weather Events]
* Cyclone Mahina, March 4, 1899 - 410 people died.
* 1918 Mackay cyclone, 1918 - 30 dead, extensive damage.
* 1949 Rockhampton cyclone, 1949 - 6 dead, 1,000 houses damaged and 500 totally wrecked.
* Cyclone Ada, 1970 - struck Whitsunday Island resorts and Whitsunday coast mainland. 14 people died and cost approximately AU$390 million.
* Cyclone Althea, 1971 - struck Magnetic Island and Townsville, Queensland on Christmas Day
* Cyclone Wanda, 1974 - caused extensive flooding in south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales
* Cyclone Tracy, 1974 - 71 people died when the city of Darwin, Northern Territory, was devastated on Christmas Day. It was the costliest Australian cyclone on record; the smallest cyclone on record in terms of size & wind field.
* Cyclone Alby, 1978 - 5 people died in south-western parts of Western Australia. Albany recorded one of the strongest wind gusts on record.
*Cyclone Bobby, 1995 - 7 people died on two fishing trawlers sunk off the coast of Onslow; the cyclone then became a depression which caused heavy rain and flooding in inland WA, washing out the Eyre Highway and the Trans-Australian Railway for several days.
* Cyclone Justin, 1997 - 7 people died and damage came to approximately 190 million AUD.
* Cyclone Thelma, 1998 - intense Category 5 system that hit the Kimberley region of Western Australia causing extensive damage and flooding near Darwin.
* Cyclone Vance, 1999 - Category 5 system that caused extensive damage to the Western Australian towns of Exmouth and Onslow.
* Cyclone Steve, 2000 - A long-lived Category 2 storm, causing flooding in Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia.
* Cyclone Rosita, 2000 - Category 5, made a destructive landfall near Broome, Western Australia.
* Cyclone Ingrid, 2005 - Category 5 cyclone which took a long track over Northern Australia.
* Cyclone Larry, 2006 - Category 4 which crossed the Queensland coast at Innisfail, causing $1 billion in damage.
* Cyclone Glenda, 2006 - Category 5 which crossed the West Australian coast as Category 3 near Onslow
* Cyclone Monica, 2006 - Category 5; strongest cyclone ever recorded in the Southern Hemisphere (in terms of wind speed). Arguably the world's strongest cyclone, based on a Dvorak estimation, which suggested central pressure reached a low of 869 hPa. The official JTWC pressure was 879hPa.
* Cyclone George, 2007 - Category 5 which struck east of Port Hedland causing 3 fatalities.
* Cyclone Guba, 2007 - Category 1 cyclone (SSHS) which struck Papua New Guinea causing over 170 fatalities.

Most intense storms on record

This list includes Western Pacific storms with pressures of less than 885 mb and Atlantic, Eastern Pacific and South Pacific storms with pressure of less than 915 mb. Additional Western Pacific storms with pressures between 885 and 915 mb have been recorded, but these storms are neither exceptional for that basin nor all reliably measured. As for Indian Ocean storms, pressure readings are too scarce or too inaccurate to make a list reliable. [Weather Watchers. [http://www.weathermatrix.net/tropical/1998/13/mitch.html Hurricane Mitch.] Retrieved on 2007-09-28.] [NOAA [http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E14.html] Retrieved 2007-12-18]

As a result of the omissions of many Western Pacific storms, many storms near the bottom of the list are not numerically ranked.

"Notes":
* *Minimum central pressure of these storms was estimated based on satellite data rather than directly measured.
* **Official estimate. JTWC estimated 879 mbar.
* ***Official estimate. JTWC estimated 879 mbar and unofficial estimates were 869 mbar (which would make it the most intense recorded tropical cyclone).
* ****Official estimate. JTWC estimated 898 mbar.

ize extremes

* Typhoon Tip is the largest tropical cyclone on record at 1350 miles (2170 km) wide, October (1979)
* Tropical Storm Marco is the smallest significant tropical cyclone on record at 20 miles (32 km) wide, October (2008)These sizes indicate the distance from the center at which gale-force winds could be found. [JetStream. [http://www.srh.weather.gov/srh/jetstream/tropics/tc_structure.htm Tropical Cyclone Structure.] Retrieved on 2007-03-17.]

Highest storm surge

The three powerful hurricanes listed below caused very high storm surge. Hurricane Katrina had the highest recorded storm surge of any Atlantic hurricane and Hurricane Camille had the second-highest. Worldwide storm surge data is sparse. Cyclone Mahina is generally regarded as having had the highest storm surge ever recorded, although measurements from before modern times must be viewed with some skepticism.

Storm surge is enhanced by high winds and greater storm size. The shape of the coastline and the contour of the bottom near the coast are also significant factors. Hurricane Katrina was the largest Category 5 hurricane recorded in the Atlantic, and Hurricane Camille tied for the highest recorded windspeed; both struck an area vulnerable to high storm surge because of the shallow coastal waters.

*Cyclone Mahina: convert|48|ft|m, South Pacific, 1899
*Hurricane Katrina: convert|28|ft|m, Atlantic Ocean, 2005 [National Hurricane Center. [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL122005_Katrina.pdf Hurricane Katrina.] Retrieved on 2007-03-17.]
*Hurricane Camille: convert|24|ft|m, Atlantic Ocean, 1969

Unusual landfalls

For unusual landfalls in the Atlantic basin, see List of notable Atlantic hurricanes.

pain

*2005 - Hurricane Vince Made landfall in southwestern Spain as a tropical depression. Vince is the only recorded tropical system to make landfall on Spain.

Brazil

*2004 - A tropical depression hit eastern Brazil in January 2004, causing torrential flooding.
*2004 - The only hurricane-strength tropical system ever observed in the South Atlantic, Cyclone Catarina, made landfall in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina.

New Zealand

*April, 1968 - Cyclone Giselle struck New Zealand causing the Wahine disaster.
*5-10 March, 1988 - Cyclone Bola killed 3 people in New Zealand receiving up to 1m of rain causing vast numbers of slips on the eastern side of the country.

Arabian Peninsula

*October, 1948 - Tropical Cyclone struck Salalah in Oman.
*May, 1959 - Tropical Cyclone struck Salalah in Oman
*June, 1977 - Tropical Storm struck Oman
*1983 - Tropical Storm Aurora struck Oman.
*May, 1984 - Tropical Storm 01-A transited the Gulf of Aden and made landfall in northwest Somalia, the first tropical cyclone on record to do so.
*October, 1992 - Tropical Storm 06-A struck Oman.
*June, 1996 - Tropical Storm 02-A struck Oman.
*May, 2002 - Tropical Storm struck Salalah in Oman.
*June, 2007 - Cyclone Gonu struck parts of Oman, causing catastrophic damage.

omalia

*1984 - A tropical storm struck Somalia,
*1984 - A late season cyclone slammed Somalia.
*1994 - Somalia was hit by a tropical storm that brought convert|65|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on winds and heavy rains.
*1997 - A weak November storm made landfall in Eastern Somalia.

California

*1858 - A hurricane just barely missed landfall in San Diego, causing considerable damage.
*1939 - A tropical storm struck Long Beach killing 45 people.
*1972 - Tropical Depression Hyacinth made landfall near Los Angeles and brought rain around the area.

Western Australia

*1956 - A cyclone made a close track along the whole Western Australian coast, and made a near landfall near Perth.
*1978 - Cyclone Alby made a close encounter to the south-west of Western Australia as a strong extratropical system in the vicinity of Perth and Albany, causing extensive damage and five deaths. Albany recorded one of its highest wind gusts on record from Cyclone Alby.
*1989 - Cyclone Ned passed almost directly over Perth.

Iceland

*2008 - Hurricane Bertha (2008) had weakened from a tropical strom to a tropical depression but made landfall in Iceland on July 20 before becoming extratropical.

cotland (United Kingdom)

*2008 - Tropical Storm Laura had become extra tropical but it moved over Scotland on October 3.

Greenland

*2007 - the extratropical remants of Hurricane Noel moved on november 2.

Extreme latitudes

This list contains tropical cyclones that formed or moved to an extraordinary latitude. It can be extreme north (or south) latitude, or very equatorial cyclones.

*1975 - A central Pacific unnamed hurricane formed at a record north latitude for the Central and East Pacific.
*2000 - Hurricane Alberto persisted north while tropical until a latitude of about 53°N.
*2001 - Typhoon Vamei formed convert|85|mi|km from the equator, the closest recorded formation location of a storm of hurricane strength.
*2004 - Cyclone Agni reached a location of only convert|40|mi|km from the equator, the closest to the equator any tropical cyclone has been recorded to have reached. However, Vamei retained the record for the most equatorial formation as Agni formed further from the equator than Vamei and moved towards it.
*1966 - Hurricane Faith reached an unprecedented northerly latitude of 62.5 degrees, just north of the Faroe Islands in the Norwegian Sea. Faith degenerated over Scandinavia, and the remnant low pressure area eventually reached Franz Josef Land, only convert|300|mi|km from the North Pole.

Year-crossing Northern Hemisphere storms

This is a list of Northern Hemisphere storms that have crossed two calendar years. Because the Southern Hemisphere cyclone season runs across the New Year, Southern Hemisphere storms that cross calendar years are not unusual, so they are not included here.

Different Storms With Same Name in Same Year

* 1954 - There were two Hurricane Alices in 1954. One formed in June and struck Mexico. The other one formed on December 30 and lasted though January,1955. They were thought to have been in two separate years, but post-storm analysis showed the second was to have formed in December 1954, so they were both named Alice.

* 1970 - There were two tropical storms named Ione, one of which hit the Mexican coastline with convert|60|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on winds.

* 1977 - Hurricane Babe in the Atlantic and Typhoon Babe in the Pacific existed at the same time.

* 1986 - There were two storms named Vera. One was a typhoon while another was a weak tropical storm. Operationally, Vera was treated as one storm until post storm analysis found that it was actually two separate storms.

* 1997 - In north Pacific, two storms were named Linda, one typhoon and one hurricane.

* 2003 - In the Southern Hemisphere, two storms were named Beni, one in the South Pacific in February, one in the South Indian in November.

* 2005 - There were two storms named Harvey. One was an Australian cyclone and one was an Atlantic tropical storm.

Tropical cyclones and airplane crashes

* Typhoon Wilma - Ten crewmen died when a USAF B-29 crashed during the storm.
* Hurricane Janet - Two airplanes (one of them a hurricane hunter plane) crashed during the storm.
* Typhoon Emma - A Hurricane Hunter plane crashed in the Sea of Japan during the storm.
* Hurricane Betsy - A DC-4 crashed on while delivering supplies after the storm.
* Unnamed Tropical Storm - A private plane crashed near Hilo Airport, killing one and injuring two.
* Hurricane Esther - A Navy plane crashed several miles off the coast of Bermuda. Seven of the ten crewmen drowned.
* Typhoon Bess - A US Air force hurricane hunter plane crashed during the storm. There were no survivors.
* Hurricane Emmy - A Venezuelan Air force plane crashed during the storm while attempting to land. Sixty-eight people died.
* Tropical Storm Gamma - Three people were killed in a plane crash during Gamma's outer bands.
* Tropical Storm Sam - A China Airlines (Taiwanese) McDonnell Douglas MD-11 jet (Flight CI642) crash landed at Hong Kong's Chek Lap Kok airport during Tropical Storm Sam. Two died and 206 were injured.
* Typhoon Xangsane - A Singapore Airlines Boeing 747-400 jet (Flight SQ 006) crashed in typhoon winds and burst into flames on takeoff during Typhoon Xangsane at Taipei international airport, killing 79 and leaving 84 hospitalized.
* Tropical Storm Alma - In Tegucigalpa, an airplane skidded off a runway sodden by torrential rain, killing seven passengers and injuring over eighty.cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/americas/05/30/honduras.crash.ap/index.html|title=7 dead after airliner overshoots Honduras runway|date=2005-08-31|accessdate=2008-06-01|publisher=CNN]

ee also

*List of natural disasters by death toll
*List of Atlantic hurricane seasons
*List of Pacific hurricane seasons
*List of Pacific typhoon seasons
*List of North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons
*List of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons
*Lists of tropical cyclone names
*List of most intense tropical cyclones
*List of wettest tropical cyclones by country
*History of tropical cyclone-spawned tornadoes

References